Intersections in history that was important. One of the reasons he was so successful is he understood television. He understood that imagery was everything. Show the pictures. Show the images. Violence is that visual. It prompts people to action. Arresting children for what . The right to vote. People need to own their shame. Their story of struggle and trium triumph. They began beating them. Is is the american story. A story still being told. Dr. King said you have to create a crisis so the power structures are forced to answer. July 6th, 2016 outside st. Paul, minnesota, officers pulled over a man on a routine traffic stop. Dont pull it out. Dont pull it out. Stay with me. We got pull ed over for a buste tail light in the back and the police, hes covered. They killed my boyfriend. 40 seconds after the last shot was fired her 4yearold daughter in the the backseat his girlfriend began streaming video live on facebook from her cell phone while the world watched. Get the female passenger out. Exit now. Keep them up. Wheres my daughter . You got my daughter . We know how the story goes. He was reaching for the gun, i had to shoot him. We know that. She knew that. She refused to let that be the narrative. She was going to force people to bear twons this and to see something that is largely been rendered as being individual vizable this this country. Its okay. Im here with you. Before the world heard of any of the other young black men whose public killings awakened the consciousness of a nation, there was 14yearold emmet till and his grieving mother. Live streaming your loved ones death is a 21st century version of what emmet tills mother did. She live streamed her sons death. Her stunning decision to publish a photograph of her murdered son forced the country to confront the horror of racism and set in motion the modern Civil Rights Movement. Americans can tell you where they were when john f. Kennedy was assassinated. Africanamericans remember that moment when they saw emmet tills photograph. I dont know a black person who dont know the name emmet till. Were about the same age. It was horrifying. It was my 9 11. It was basically an act of terror. In 1955 mississippi was ground zero for racial terror in the American South when 14yearold emmet till arrived from chicago to visit his great uncle in a town called money. He was a big city kid and not familiar with the social taboos of the jim crow south. Black people and white people interacted only on a transactional basis, but they were largely two different words. You stick to your own kind, well stick to our own kind. One day emmet and his cousins go into town and go to a Little Grocery store. And something happens inside. According to caroline, bryant, the woman who ran the store, emmet till comes on to her and whistles at her. Four days later bryants guntoting husband went looking for the boy at his uncles house. And he begs him to leave him alone. Please dont take him. But they take him and he never returns. Hes thrown into the river with a 70pound cotton gin fan attached to his neck with a barbed wire. A few days later a boy fishing in the river discovered a body beaten beyond recognition. The body was so badly damaged we couldnt tell who he was, but he havent to have a ring on with initials. In chicago emmit met emmet tills mother waited for the casket to arrive. She is essentially confronted with a sealed wooden casket nailed shut by the sheriff. It was her who demanded that that box be opened so she could see her child. She kind of staggers in and sees this body and she cant believe her beautiful child is this lump of flesh thats lying in this casket. Then she said to herself, the country is going to have to confront this. Im not going to suffer in this by myself. If this is what youre going to do to black boys, youre going to look at it. Not only did she insist on keeping emmets casket open for the funeral, she invited a magazine to take pictures of his body. She and the editors of the magazine made the decision to display this for the country. All issues of the magazine sell out. They published it again next week. All issues sell out. Its only in the black press. The white press didnt even see it at first. It was quite a controversy about why would jet print this terrible picture. They wanted to make a point. Just to show you how bad things were. Mimi till had something very important to teach. Show the pictures. Show the images. She wanted the world to see the ravages of racism. The brutality of bigotry. I believe that thes whole United States is mourning with me and if the death of my son can mean something all over the world, for him to have died a hero will mean more to me than for him just to have died. She got more vis reallily than anyone if she didnt show those pictures, he would just be another black boy gone dead. Roy bryant and his half brother were arrested and accused of murder. Their trial was held in sumner, mississippi, just two weeks after the funeral. Although black reporters were kept separate, it was one of the first times in the south that they were permitted to sit in the main courtroom with the rest of the press. Instead of being up in the balcony frequently called the crows nest, they were allowed to sit at a table not that far from where the white press was seat ed. That was considered a breakthrough. Among the journalists covering the trial a jet reporter and freelance photographer earnest withers. Withers photograph of the witness stand defiantly pointing to his nephews murders captured a rare moment of a black man baring witness to a racial terror in a courtroom. The photo is standing up at the trial of tills murders. Its taken by the number one image most people remember. The trial lasted four and a half days. One journal iist called it the first great media event of the Civil Rights Movement. Ive just received information of an acquittal in the murder charge of emmet till in the four count. After a little more than an hour of deliberations, an allwhite jury acquitted both defendants. It took 67 minutes and one juror said it wouldnt have taken us each that long except we stopped to have a sew ta. While the defendants escaped punishment, they would not escape judgment. After the trial, this man, journalist William Bradford hughy persuaded them to sell their true story for 4,000. He sold the story in look magazine. Its the ultimate insult to injury. Having been exonerated in this sham of a trial only to with no fear of double jeopardy tell their story. We did it. Heres how we did it. Deal with it, america. Remarkably, 62 years later in 2017, em met tills accuser recanted much of her story ad t admitting that she lied about what happened that day in the story. Look magazine never published the graphic photographs of tills mental crueltylateded corpse and few White Americans saw them at the time. But soon a leader would emerge who understood how images of racial violence could bring about change and he would force the nation to face them. With priceline, bundling our lowest prices on flights, hotels and rental cars means you spend less time planning and more time travelling. We like that by the way, these chairs are ours. Everyone is already sitting. By the way, these chairs are ours. Applebees new loaded chicken fajitas. Now only 10. 99. When crabe stronger. Strong, with new nicorette coated ice mint. Layered with flavor. Its the first and only coated nicotine lozenge. For an amazing taste. That outlasts your craving. New nicorette ice mint. Hey, who are you . 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This is rare early footage of the 27yearold man who before long would become a legend. But in 1956, Martin Luther king jr. Was a little known minister and the leader of a bus boycott in montgomery, alabama, that started when activist rosa parks refused to give up her seat to a white man. This is a nonviolent protest using the method of passive resistance. Martin luther king was a man of huge thoughtfulness about the strategy that he had asked those who followed him to use. And that strategy was that in the face of violence, you have a moral high ground if you did not return violence with violence. Negro passengers have been humiliated, intimidated. Reporter at first the young minister who went by the unassuming name of m. L. King was only covered by black journalists writing for black papers. In particular, the birmingham world, a black newspaper and its editor emory jackson. He writes about long before anyone else that dr. King is invoking gandhian principles. He becomes referred to in the black press as the black moses. The white editors, they were just living in a different world. The majority press, the white press basically ignored africanamericans and not just episodes of violence against them, but achievements, anything to do with their daily life. Basically flat out ignored them. They didnt even often use their names. The names of black people because that would be a sign of respect. Its galling now to look at the level of disregard and oblivion that was in the media at that time. So long as you sit in the back, you have a false sense of, inferiority, and so long as you let the white man sit in the front and push you back there, he has a false sense of superiority. Montgomery bus boycott. Unbelievably successful from the very first day, and it took weeks to get a National Reporter in there. I think it was six weeks before a news magazine came in and then 12 weeks before a major newspaper came in. To continue the struggle. Not for ourselves alone but for all of america. He developed a strategy of resistance designed to challenge the status quo while never making White America feel threatened. He consciously set about creating a character palatable to all of america. Martin luther king understood that if youre only telling this story, you know, among the black press, youre preaching to the choir. Youve got to get outside the church. What special instructions or advice have been given to negro people . If there is violence, that it must not come from negro people. Kings efforts to woo the media started to pay off. Soon, king was the story. And the story was the movement. For more than 12 months we, the negro citizens of montgomery, have been engaged in a nonviolent protest. The boycotters faced Death Threats and persecution. But under the leadership of dr. King, they mounted a successful and peaceful campaign. Facing financial crisis and failing in the courts, the city of montgomery relented and ordered that black passengers be allowed to sit anywhere. America likes a winner. The media loves a frontrunner. One could wonder that if dr. Kings first foray into National Television had not beena success, would the media have turned around and gone home . I dont know. Well never know, thank god. Its Early Morning here at 1121 cross street in little rock, and the new school day is dawning. Reporter a year after the montgomery bus boycott, little rock became the stage for the next drama of the movement when local naacp leaders handpicked nine black students and pressured the school board to enroll them at all white central high school. They were challenging the city to comply with the supreme courts 1954 decision in brown vs. Board of education where the court ruled that all Public Schools must be integrated. Ernest green, age 16, 12th grade. When they said, are you interested in transferring to central, i said, hey, why not . My attitude was that change was coming, i want to be a part of it. Im ready to change the face of the south. Reporter the story took an unexpected turn when the governor defied the courts and ordered the National Guard to block the black students from entering the school. The first day we faced the arkansas National Guard with bayonnets. They let the white students enter the campus and barred us from entrance. It was surreal. Reporter outside the school an angry crowd gathered. The minute they walk in, then thats when we walk out. Its not right. They have schools just as good as us. Reporter eight of the nine black students arrived together that first day. Only Elizabeth Eckford whose family didnt own a telephone arrived alone. Elizabeth didnt get the message that we were going to meet at the 14th street side of the school and not the 16th street side of the school. We had the protection of each other and this group of ministers and elizabeth didnt have anybody. She really took the brunt of it that day. This black young teenager all by herself being frightened and screamed at, its the first of a series of images showing how powerful and virulent southern white racism was. Reporter traumatized by the reaction of the ground elizabeth refused to speak to news crews. Can you tell me your name, please . Are you going to go to school here at central high . Dont care to say anything, is that right . Reporter there was one journalist elizabeth agreed to talk to, moses newson a newspaper reporter for the baltimore afroamerican. When i heard about it and rushed over and she recognized me and she said she would talk to me. You know, she sat there talking about what had happened to her, and she said as soon as they say we can go back, im going back and that just always sort of stuck in my mind. Something that this 15yearold girl was saying. Reporter after a threeweek standoff in little rock, a federal judge ordered that the arkansas National Guard be removed. The following monday, september 23rd, the black students once again attempted to enter the school. Photographer earl davey and three black reporters including moses newson followed the students there. We were walking up 16th street, someone up front yelled theyre in our school and all hell broke loose. Earl davey runs. Someone tackles him. They take his camera and they smash it to the ground. L. Alex wilson, the editor of the tristate defender just keeps walking. Still photographs caught that. Well, take that and just magnify it 100 fold to show you what television was giving. You know, i looked at television and there was somebody beating mr. Wilson. Mr. Wilson was just being pummeled. In fact, one of the guys said run, damn you, run. And he just kept walking. Wilson creases his hat and puts it back on and he keeps walking. His expression doesnt change. L. Alex wilsons decision not to run in defiance of the mob was rooted in an incident from his boyhood in florida. As a kid l. Alex wilson had seen the klan come to town and he ran and he hated himself for having done that and he said he would never run again. Hes 49 years old. Hes got nerve damage from what happened in little rock that day. Three years later in 1960, age 51, he is dead. Good evening, my fellow citizens. For a few minutes this evening i should like to speak to you about the serious situation that has arisen in little rock. Mob rule cannot be allowed to override the decisions of our courts. Reporter within hours of eisenhowers announcement as the American Public watched in shock and disbelief, a thousand federal troops marched into little rock and the arkansas National Guard was federalized. It was a huge Television Event ordering federal troops into an American City so some black kids could go to school. The fact that he used a thousand paratroopers to provide protection made a hell of a statement, especially in the black community. Black people were used to the government being against them, not for them. So, the notion of troops being used for africanamericans was a revolution, a revelation and a novelty. We were blessed by the fact that these images were shown by the media because there probably were other cases before us in which there was no media, no image, you know, if a tree falls in the forest, does anybody hear it . Reporter before long, millions of americans would hear it and see it. door bell rings its open hey. This is amazing. With moderate to severe ulcerative colitis, are you okay . Even when i was there, i never knew when my symptoms would keep us apart. So i talked to my doctor about humira. I learned humira can help get, and keep uc under control when other medications havent worked well enough. And it helps people achieve control that lasts. 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Like plants. The first survivor of ais out there. Sease and the Alzheimers Association is going to make it happen. But we wont get there without you. Visit alz. Org to join the fight. Applebees new loaded chicken fajitas. Now only 10. 99. I want it that way. I cant believe it. That karl brought his karaoke machine . Aint nothing but a heartache. No, i cant believe how easy it was to save hundreds of dollars on my Car Insurance with geico. I never wanna hear you say. No, kevin. No, kevin believe it geico could save you fifteen percent or more on Car Insurance. Reporter nearly every american heard about the little rock nine. The story gave a boost to the movement, and the movement gave a boost to the fledgling industry of television news. Television was just breaking through to be the National Medium for news. Not every American Home had a television set. Okay, come ahead, melba. We were sort of making it up as we went along. Melba, how do you feel about going back to school on this second day . I feel pretty good about it, although it is sort of a nervous spot to be in. This was the world of 15minute news. People like mike wallace. Tonight we bring you a special interview with governor orval faubus. And john chancellor. We can report this morning is that were in little rock. They begin their careers. Been what you expected or well, there are people who come up to me and say, you know, they began their evenings by seeing what we were doing. Reality tv. We were early reality tv before we knew it. It was one of those fateful intersections in history that was very important, both for journalism and also for the africanamerican and the cause for human rights in america. Martin luther kings strategy of nonviolent direct action inspired a wave of young activists to take up the cause. King was able to energize young ministers, young students. He set a tone of lets come out of these cathedrals, lets come out of these offices, and lets do something in the streets. Beginning in february 1960, in cities from greensboro to nashville, black students sat down at lunch counters and refused to leave until they were served. Sitins introduced a new, more confrontational tactic to the movement that provoked white segregationists to violence. Then in may of 1961, 13 activists black and white calling themselves freedom riders, boarded two buses in washington, d. C. , a trailways and a greyhound. Their goal to desegregate interstate bus lines in the south. Among the groups organizers were student leaders john lewis and diane nash. By now, the activists knew the crucial importance of Media Coverage and were leaving nothing to chance. We knew that if one of us did not interpret what we were doing to the press, somebody would step in and try to do it and get it all wrong. And so i was elected to be the coordinator. There is this story when diane nash and these guys are on the freedom rides, seigenthaler, who worked for kennedy, said, they plan to kill you when you go to mississippi. My father, he and diane nash had a conversation, he didnt want her to continue the freedom rides. He said, youre gonna get somebody killed. Youre gonna get somebody killed if you keep this up. And she said, you dont understand, sir. We signed our last will and testament last night. We understand exactly what were facing. In my capacity as coordinator several of the students who were about to get on the bus gave me sealed envelopes that i was to mail in the event of their death. Their route would take them from virginia and the carolinas into the very core of the deep south, alabama and mississippi. In atlanta, Martin Luther king warned the freedom riders that he received word the buses would be attacked before they reached birmingham. Undeterred, the riders continued on. The greyhound was the first to arrive in alabama. When they get to anniston, some klansmen, white thugs, stop the bus. They firebomb it. Theres a reporter, moses newson, on this bus, and neither he nor anyone on that bus imagines that theyre going to be able to get out alive. Editor has a close brush with death. When i found myself in that burning bus set on fire by the mob, that cold chilling realization that this might be it came over me. They were using boards and chains, daring people to come out and integrate alabama. I decided the best thing for me to do was to stick the camera up under my seat. I had no thoughts about stepping off the bus with a camera hanging around my neck. Moses newson quite reasonably figured out that if they knew he was a journalist and not a freedom rider, that he would suffer an even greater punishment than the freedom riders. Reporters gathered at the birmingham bus station to await the arrival of the second bus. A mob of clubwielding segregationists waited there too. The bus came in. They collected around it. They dragged about six of the passengers out, both negro and white. They took them into corridors and alleys and began beating them, began hitting them with lead pipes. At that point someone behind me whispered in my ear and said, someone here has identified you from having seen you on television. Theyre hunting for you now. You better get out. And i say segregation now, segregation tomorrow and segregation forever. The segregationist power understood that the press doing its job had become their enemy. We would like to have all the press, all the news media, right over here for a private conference. In every way as strong and as dangerous to them and to jim crow and segregation as the civil rights protests. Information media including the tv networks have publicized and dramatized the race issue far beyond its relative importance in todays world. Theyre cold and a little cramped, but not hungry. The people who hated us called us outside agitators thought that we were of a piece with the civil rights people, that we were hand in glove. Its all onesided. And the newspapers and the tv camera are one sidedtoo. They take pictures when they want to take pictures. One of their favorite epithets was to call us white negroes except they didnt put it quite that way. If i paint myself black, id be on tv every night. White bystanders harassed us with homemade clubs, cursing us and blaming the press as the cause of the demonstrations. Standing against them are the segregationists. I covered a nighttime demonstration in marion, alabama. Somebody walked up behind me and hit me with an axe handle. Somebody came up and asked me, he said, do you need a doctor . I put my hand behind my head, it was all bloody, and i said, yeah, i think so. And he thrust his face right into mine, and he said, we dont have doctors for people like you. 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Text save to 27747 to check your eligibility, then talk to your doctor. Reporter six years after emmett tills murder, the state where he was killed, mississippi, emerged as a fortress of southern white racism. I love mississippi. I love, and i respect our heritage. Mississippi had always been just a place apart to me. It was the south africa of america. It was a place you didnt really want to put your foot. Now, a civil rights maverick would strike at the venerable all White University of mississippi known as ole miss. University of mississippi had not had any black folks as students ever. An extremely singleminded young veteran, James Meredith, decides hes going to go to ole miss and will not be deterred. I have decided that i, j. H. Meredith, will register. [ applause ] one impediment is removed after another by the courts who keep saying you cant keep the guy out. Mississippis governor, ross barnett, had no intention of complying with the court order. He stood defiantly in the door of the registrar, blocking merediths way. Ole miss, he said, would remain all white. I, ross r. Barnett, governor of the great and sovereign state of mississippi deny to you, james h. Meredith, admission to the university of mississippi. This was such a strong, crazy reaction to this lone negro entering the university of mississippi. Being on the ole miss campus this weekend is Something Like being in the eye of a hurricane. There was a real sense of foreboding among many, many people including reporters and including myself of no good can come of this. On the side of opposing James Meredith, you had people flooding in from alabama and other states who have nothing to do with the university of mississippi. Literally hundreds of outsiders came pouring into the campus armed with shotguns, pistols, clubs. It was like a nazi rally. The mood was total anarchy. I was the first black woman, full time reporter, at the washington post. I was not part of the team that was covering the events on campus. There is no way. As black reporters, we would have all been dead if we had tried to be on campus. Hundreds of u. S. Marshals sent by president kennedy to protect meredith poured onto the ole miss campus. There was this amassing of forces, federal forces coming in from memphis, military troops coming in. The federal marshals had seized control of the lyceum which was the chief Administrative Office on campus. It was where we assumed that meredith would come to register as a student. Gathered in front. The first was greeted without incident, but when word spread that James Meredith was on the campus, the fighting started. It developed into this gun fight that went on for hours. I sought refuge in a girls dormitory. The photographers did not want to use flashes any more than a Television Camera person wanted to use a big light because you would beat up someone who was using a flash. In fact, they did. Before the night was over, the violence had claimed two lives. One was a french journalist. He had a bright red beard and red hair. Part of the reason he died is he was identified as a member of the press. His body was found behind a womens dormitory and has been shot at close range. Unsolved to this very day. By the next morning, the riot was quelled. Under heavy guard, James Meredith was finally allowed to register and attend class at the university of mississippi. He e mained enrolled under the protection of u. S. Marshals until he completed next year, becoming the universitys first black graduate. Mississippi moved hope and fear. The hope is that meredith signals the coming of the light for all of them. The fear is that the inevitable changes will bring further death, destruction, and repercussions. What can the past tell us about the future . This city is run by crimin criminals. We are not nonviolent. As the Writer William faulkner said, the past is never dead. 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We aint going to let nobody turn us around. One of the reasons Martin Luther king was so successful was he understood television. We deliberately had demonstrations before 12 00. In order to get the film to new york, they had to leave by 1 00. We cannot in all good conscious obey such an injunction. Dr. King and his staff were very, very savvy. They knew exactly what was going on. You, you want me to just make a statement and not interview you . They strategized how they could use their coverage to their advantage. We must be willing to fill up the jails all over the state of georgia. Nobody that could make an hour long speech any better than him. For the 6 00 news, you had to get your message across. It had to be 30 seconds or less. The time is always right to do right. We cannot wait. We cannot continue to accept these conditions of oppression. King would dramatize and force the media to deal with the issue. I have to grab your attention without losing your interest and respect. And king mastered that. For all of kings sophisticati sophistication, he could still be outmaneuvered by an adversary and risk losing control of the risk rights story. I often have been told i was welcome down here, but i didnt know if i would be or not. Laurie. Krich et. Hes the police chief of albany, georgia. He set about to go things differently. King used the students method of direct confrontation in albany, georgia. They cleverly counted the nonviolent confrontations and nonviolent arrests. Dr. King thinks he will draw violence on to protesters, but the police chief was savvy. He decided he was not going to play to the Television Cameras. A ban on demonstrations brought more than 1500 arrests of desegregation so far. I was asked to move on and they refused to do so. Pritchard jails dr. King and a lot of other demonstrators, but his goal is not to let them have their way and stay in jail long enough to generate a lot of press and sublpublicity. This is one time im out of jail and not happy to be out. Out of jail and out of the headlines, he seemed momentarily oust options and the National Press corps knew it. Reporters present albany as a big defeat. It is viewed as a serious political set back for dr. King. In part because there had been absolutely no white violence whatsoever against black demonstrators. As long as Civil Rights Activists were being quietly and suspectfully jailed, the media didnt really care about that story. King knew he had to get the movement back and to make the notion of nonviolence, he had to find a place where there would be resistance and people could see the ugliness of what they were confronting. He recognized that nothing was going to change until and unless most americans were exposed to the reality of what was going on. So thats what he needed to do. Provoke a reaction on the part of bigoted southerners too willing to play their part. He just had to bring them to the floor. You can never. You have to keep the white and the black separate. Eugene koror. Bull conor. He was the Police Commissioner in birmingham and he was large and he was in charge. The forces of birmingham led by eugene bull conor who said we were trying to be nice, but they wont let us be. The decision to do protests in downtown birmingham is a calculated decision to see what bull conor is capable of doing that will attract the attention of northern white journalists. Birmingham is a symbol of hard core resistance. I have a feeling if we can get a breakthrough in birmingham and really break down the walls of segregation, it will demonstrate to the whole south that it can no longer resist. King said you have to go for broke and do something dramatic and the first thing his advisers told him is dont tell your father. Dont tell any of your immediate advisers. They dont want to you go to birmingham. They think its too dangerous and you dont have a chance to win. Grown adult protesters get attacked and the media covers it. After a while that doesnt draw the media anymore. King thinks what can i do now and he has the childrens march. That was very, very controversial to put children in a situation where you knew there was going to be violence. We didnt know what could happen. These are some of the 1100 children in birmingham who demonstrated in the streets and went to jail and were suspended or expelled from school. These were 11th and 12th graders, mostly 16 to 19. They were mindful of the fact that in another year, they could be sent to vietnam to die abroad for somebody else. The students cut classes and took to the streets by the hundreds. Going to jail deliberately to dramatize the negro protest. During the weeks long birmingham campaign, king was arrested. From his cell, he composed one of the seminole documents, his letter from a birmingham jail. He wrote, we know that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor. It must be demanded by the oppress oppressed for years, i heard the word wait. It rippings with a piercing famity. We must come to see that justice too long delayed is justice denied. More than 1,000 school children, First High School students and then much younger ones left school and headed downtown. Where bull conors troops waited with fire hoses and dogs. All you need do is get a spark and things will burn. We instructed people you dont run from dogs. You back away from them and continue to look at them. I was stupified by the images and theyre marching singing freedom songs. When they see the dogs, they dont run. They would pin us to the light poll to keep us from going further down the street and huh to hold on to keep from being rolled down the street. You have to describe it as what hell must look like to see humans being treated that way. Screaming, especially little kids. I have tears in my eyes right now. Its hard. These were children with ribbons in their hair and little dresses on getting beaten up. They were not dressing up in their finest sunday clothes to get blood all over them for kicks. They were dressed that way so they were the maximum amount of sympathetic. When violence is that visual, it prompts people to action. It gets peoples attention in the way any amount of intellectual discussion cant approach. The constant pressure and the pictures of the police dogs and the kids being arrested, those were all powerful and firecrackers on policy in washington. This is intolerable. This has to stop. This puts the pressure on. By now the Mainstream Press was covering all the horrible things and particularly what happened in birmingham. Thats an important moment in time. It kind of opens up the door for Lyndon Johnson and gives him the space needed to pick up the torch from president kennedy and push through the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Applebees new loaded chicken fajitas. Now only 10. 99. 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Demo at an xfinity store, call or go online today. In august 1963, king staged his greatest production of all. This time, the drama did not come from images of violence, but from the astonishing sight of a quarter million Peaceful Protesters from all walks of life, descending on the nations capital. I have a dream. My four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. Viewers around the world watched, trance fixed as a operate of celebrities, black and white, called for unity in the struggle for racial justice. What sort of impression has this day left with you . It is possible for all men to come together in the sense of good will and to solve problems in a democratic way. The truth of it is that the march on washington was what transformed a southern predominantly black movement into a national movement. It meant that we were not just an isolated movement. This movement became a universal movement. There were whites protesting alongside blacks. The news cameras couldnt look away and it changed the evening news as we know it. Late today nightly news was only 15 minutes and even the birmingham crisis. By the fall of 1963, cbs went to 30 minutes. Nbc went to 30 minutes. In the new york and washington Nerve Centers of nbc news, these make possible the expansion of the huntly brinkley report to a full half hour. Television became a bigger presence if peoples lives just in time for freedom summer and the peak of the civil rights era. The explosion of Media Attention inspired a surge of new recruits, mostly young and white, into the movement. We all feel hopeful that we are going to be able to do something. Something really will come out of this. What areas will your main activities be in . Well be working on voter registrati registration. Various forms of political education and freedom schools. One of the Young Leaders was bob moses of the student nonviolent core committee. They were thinking about how to get their point of view in front of the press. We understand that black people didnt get killed. What attracted the media was the influx of stanford and yale. We have been invited and we are simply helping people. The students representing the elite structures of the country. Really believe in these things that may sound idealistic and the constitution and the bill of rights and i think its important for everybody to have these. It was clear at the orientation that the media were latching on to every white girl they could find who would be posting the picture back home. Thats what the press was interested in. Thats what brought the press. Im just wonder figure people in this room understand that people should expect to get beaten and expect to spend in jail and it may go beyond the summer when they are in jail and expect possibly somebody to get killed. I dont believe that one single white person who came there felt that they were being used. People came, they were warned from the outset that something terrible may happen to them. Nick, in your own mind have you thought about the dangers in mississippi that you might come into physical harm . Yes, i suddenly have. As a recruiter, i was asking not only for the name, address, and parents, but what is the newspaper in your hometown . Who should we contact if you get arrested . If something happens to you . Even if some of us are kill, even if im killed, we will have died, each death will bring mississippi nearer to reconciliation. I was terrified. Before and during. It was terrifying. Young men and young women take up the burdens of their convictions without ceremony. Without the paraphernalia of their departure. They go. The media was going to follow the kids in. They set forth for a summer in mississippi. The most dangerous time, its the entry point. We would be all right if everybody had gone down together. That was there protection to enter mississippi. However, soon after arriving in mississippi, three volunteers, two white and one black left the group to investigate a church burning. Two white jewish kid and a black kid had not come back by the appointed check time. People are calling saying they are missing civil rights workers in mississippi. That was one of the reasons that allowed for the real convergence of press interest that went into the white house. He is making all the state available in the search. It became the dominant story of the summer. Did they tell you why he came down here. He wanted to see what he could do about an intolerable situation. The media focused on the telegenic wife of michael shwerner. The people in this country had enough. They went all over rita. Rita was about 52 and weighed about 85 pounds. They went up to her and they said mrs. Shwarner, how do you feel . And rita wouldnt play. She said you would not even be interviewing me if my husband was black. It was true. It was true. The wife of one of the missing white men said the only case this case attracted National Attention is because there are two white northerners involved. Do you believe that . Thats what i feel, too. If he was by himself, i doubt we would ever have known anything. The bodies of goodman, shwerner and cheney were found in a dam 44 days after their disappearance. The question facing everybody under the sound of my voice tonight and every person who lives in this nation, not so much who killed those young men, but what killed them. And when we move from the who to the who, in a strange sense that, death involves all of us. The reporters in the Civil Rights Movement were presenting stories that made average americans question their accepted reality. The bombing of this church claimed the lives of four little girls attending sunday school. People didnt know black people very well. They were not aware of what lives were really like. Because black people were largely invisible. Most of White America. There have been live chunch burnings in the last dozen days. All were negro churches. People couldnt believe at the level level, but they read about it and saw the photographs and saw it on the news. People identified with us. Oh no, no, no, no, no, no, no. Only pay for what you need. Liberty. Liberty. Liberty. Liberty. Plants capture co2. What if other kinds of plants captured it too . If these industrial plants had technology that captured carbon like trees we could help lower emissions. Carbon capture is Important Technology and experts agree. Thats why were working on ways to improve it. So plants. Can be a little more. Like plants. Dont let an amazing adventure pass you by. Tripadvisor makes it easy to book your tours, attractions, and experiences ahead of time. So you never miss out on cant miss adventures book things to do on tripadvisor. 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Liberty mutual customizes your Car Insurance, so you only pay for what you need. Liberty. Liberty. Liberty. Liberty. From a writer a life, selma, alabama. March 7th, 1965. It was a sunny, but chilly sunday morning as more than 500 civil rights demonstrators made their way through the Main Business district of the city, ignoring the stares of the white people and defying the court order of a local judge as they headed in the direction of the bridge. I was sent as one of three reporters for the New York Times to selma. Im watching with this photographer and a few other reporters, we see young john lewis. I dont think he was more than 23 or 24. Very young man. Scrawny little guy who didnt seem to be very formidable or enduring, but he was. We are marching to dramatize to the nation and the world that hundreds and thousands of negro citizens in alabama and particularly in this area denied the right to vote. In selma, alabama in 1965, only 2. 1 of blacks were registered to vote. The court is not in session this afternoon as you were jchlejchl ed informed. The only time you could register was the first and third mondays of each month. We had to do something. We had to act. I was almost certain that on that sunday, if a couple hundred people walked across that bridge, it would simply be turned around. I figured its going to be trouble. I found a spot where i could see what was going on and had access to the telephone. They were right at foot of the bridge. You were ordered to disburse. They advance. And they charged throwing tear gas bombs. It was quite a shock. They came towards us, beating us with night sticks. Clouds are smoke rising as high as the bridge itself. You couldnt see very well. They went down and i was hit by a state trooper with a night stick. I thought i was going to die. No matter how much you describe it, how much you so a still, the words and that picture do not have the motion and the viciousness of the attack. The whole idea behind the nonviolent gandhi tradition is to produce conflict in a disciplined fashion that reveals the opposition to be as morally bankrupt as it is. You want them to show themselves. I think the Civil Rights Movement wanted to make people own their shame. You need to embarrass and humiliate people. They thought they had a perfect right to do it. Tom brocaw was a reporter for atlantas nbc affiliate. Nbc said we need at the station to coordinate all the videotape things that are coming in. I went to the office that day and we began to get the terrible reports of the violence. I was here with all this videotape and there was an editor i was fond of. He was a decent man who began to look at this stuff. I would say eddie, it cannot go on. Id make him roll the tape back. These are tops and they are beating these people nearly to death. Come on, eddie. He looked again and said its wrong. He lowered his head. That was the power of television. It could bring it to your home and your heart. You couldnt deny what was going on. You couldnt excuse it in some way. By the mid1960s, watching television had become a nightly ritual in most american households. Americans did what americans did on sunday nights. They had dinner, they watched ed sullivan show, and on that night, it was the first viewing on television of the movie, judgment at nur emburg. To speak of the german we interrupt this program to bring you a special bulletin. Theyre preempted for a news event. Order order you are breaking into the First Showing of this film about tyranny, the content made the average viewer say are we like nazi germany. The most challenging picture of our time. At the moment no one appreciated the irony, but you are watching the movie about the trial of nazi war criminals and the tv has innocent unarmed people being mercilessly beaten. That will forever be known as bloody sunday. This airs on sunday night, march 7th, Tuesday Morning at 9 00, there are over 1,000 people from as far away as hawaii, before expedia. They mobilized instantly. I have come to selma to put my body where my heart is to make sure the negro people to make sure there are white people in the north that are with them. The shock waves from selma reverberated around the world. They made an appeal for minsters, priests and rabbis who walked across the bridge to the same point. It was one of the finest hours for people to respond. Whats on television . The Civil Rights Movement would be like a bird without wings. Its amazing with media and a movement coming together. Like birmingham before it, the brutality shocked the nation compelling washington to respond. Ladies and gentlemen, the president of the United States. This time with a Voting Rights act of 1965. What happens in cella ma or in cincinnati is a matter of legitimate concern to every american. On march 7th, americas first black president , barack obama with john lewis at his side, visited selma to commemorate bloody sunday. In one afternoon 50 years ago, so much of our turbulent history of slavery and anguish of civil war, the yolk of segregation and tyranny of jim crowe, all that history met on this bridge. Just seven months earlier in ferguson, missouri, peaceful demonstrators protesting the shooting of Michael Brown were confronted by a militarized police force. All of a sudden three urban tanks came. Looks like flash grenades and smoke rising up. Now the tear gas is coming out. Were just need to open our eyes and ears and hearts to know this nations racial history still cast the long shadow upon us. Its not just negroes, but all of us who must overcome the crippling legacy of bigotry and injustice. And we shall overcome. President johnsons 1965 speech to congress invoking the movements anthem marked the peak of a civil rights struggle. For a brief moment, the promise of a nation united against Racial Injustice seemed within reach. But would it last . Hey, who are you . Oh, hey jeff, im a car thief. What . im here to steal your car because, well, thats my job. What . What . . What . laughing what . . What . what . [crash] what . haha, it happens. And if youve got cutrate Car Insurance, paying for this could feel like getting robbed twice. So get allstate. And be better protected from mayhem. Like me. With advil liquigels, what stiff joints . What bad back . Advil is. Relief thats fast. Strength that lasts. Youll ask. What pain . With advil liquigels. Applebees new loaded chicken fajitas. Now only 10. 99. The first survivor of ais out there. Sease and the Alzheimers Association is going to make it happen. But we wont get there without you. Visit alz. Org to join the fight. Thats ensure max protein, with high protein and 1 gram sugar. Its a situp, banana bend at the waist im tryin keep it up. Youll get there. Whoahoahoa 30 grams of protein, and one gram of sugar. Ensure max protein. If ywhen you brush or floss, you dont have to choose between healthy gums and strong teeth. Complete protection from parodontax has 8 designed benefits for healthy gums and strong teeth. Complete protection from parodontax. You tell them white folk in mississippi that all the scared are dead. Fracture began to show as a more militant group gained traction. Do you think you will be able to keep it nonviolent, dr. King . I think so. You as committed as dr. King is . No, im not. Why . I dont see it as a way of life. I never have. The newly anointed Stokley Carmichael spoke for a younger generation. Dont be afraid. Dont be ashamed. We want black power. We want black power. It was here in mississippi that carmichael with his cry for black power first became a National Figure and to many a frightening one. Its two words that come to capture a whole host of white anxieties about race and about africanamerican Civil Rights Activism. It has taken off like a lightning bolt in the media. It sounds aggressive and it sounds on the verge of military revolt. I mean everybody was full of black power. It drew all the news coverage. In baltimore the issue of black power in mississippi. Here black power. Black power. Black power. They fixated on the notion of violence. Are you talking in violent analogies because you want to see a negro uprising . He is not just whistling dix. Three white male journalists as the panel and they are saying dont you mean its about violence . He is saying very calmly, he said when i talk about black power, i talk about black people where they outnumber them to organize and take over those counties from the white racists who now run it. We want what everybody else has and he is looking at those who know what they are talking about. They had to make themselves not understand them. We are not going to let these white people come into our neighborhood and kill us. They wanted to see us as only passive. Its like the bad movement as taken over. That was wonderful. People locking arms and singing we shall overcome and stuff. We want to talk about this thing called violence that everybody is so afraid about. The media tenlds to be stuck in the narrative that they understand. As black activists became less conciliaer to tow White America, the mainstream 3450edia began to cool on civil rights. A definitive statement on what black power is has yet to be forth coming except it is damaging. From the mid1950s to the mid1960s, it was easy for the white press to pick which side they were on. They were clearly on the sides of the demonstrators with the advent of black power. It becomes a little bit more difficult for the press to cast it in terms of good versus evil. The message of black power kind of like black lives matter 50 years later, this message is geared to blacks themselves. This movement is not brandnew. This is the latest chapter in a struggle in america for black people and people of color. Whats the response so far . The real truth of the matter is that children are thes who are suffering from this occupation the most. My role is to take the demands from the street and make them relevant in the policy space. Brittany is a leading black lives matter activist is one of several leaders past and present invited to the white house in 2016. People like brittany who served on our Police Task Force in the wake of ferguson and led many of the protests. The beginning of our work in ferguson was simply to help people understand that there really is a problem. Racism is not dead no matter who was in the white house at the time. Some of our tactics were rooted in the traditions of the Civil Rights Movement, but given that this is the next chapter, things evolved. We were not going to sing i shall not be move and we shall overcome. We are going to play. We are wearing protest tees. To wear your sunday best is a strategic move in the Civil Rights Movement, but i shouldnt have to dress my best for you to see me as a human being. When black lives matter activists objected to the coverage of their movement in the mainstream media. We have New Amsterdam vodka. They took control. We were not pleased with the media. Somebody would be at home watching a channel and text or tweet and say this is the story being told but. This is just an excuse to go out there and rob and loot. Thats not true because i was out there myself. There is police behind us. Social media allowed us to tell the truth unfiltered. Why do you need me, a white host from new york to do this. This is profound and powerful. People need control over their stories. Social media proteleed the black lives matter movement. Mar yes, i will, sir. I will keep my hands where they are. Unarmed africanamericans killed lie police went viral. The body of Michael Brown laying on that ground for 4. 5 hours shocked america back into its consciousness again. It woke so many people up that thought emmet till was a figment of the past and not a very relevant figure of the present. They woke us up once again. Exactly. Liberty mutual customizes your Car Insurance, so you only pay for what you need. Nice. But, uh. Whats up with your. Partner . Not again. Limu thats your reflection. Only pay for what you need. Liberty, liberty, liberty, liberty hi. Maria ramirez mom maria Maria Ramirez. Mcdonalds is committing 150 Million Dollars in tuition assistance, education, and career advising programs. Prof Maria Ramirez mom and dad Maria Ramirez to help more employees achieve their dreams. Dont let an amazing adventure pass you by. 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To broaden his message beyond the civil rights platform, king took his Movement North where he encountered a backlash. If there was progress in the south, there was violent resistance in the north. The nation learned what it should have known. Racial prejudice was not a southern problem. It was nationwide. King takes his campaign into chicago and moves into the ghettos there. People felt differently when the microscope was being turned upon their own communities. I have not seen anything like what i had seen in chicago. Shaken, but undeterred, king returned south. He arrived in memphis in march 1968 to show support for striking sanitation workers. A lot of kings advisers said dont go to memphis. It will take away from your message and planning. King insists. We are here to help garbage workers. These were the people we are supposed to be helping. April 4th, 1968. Martin luther king, jr. Stepped out of room 306 on to the balcony of the lorraine motel. He told his young aide, jesse jackson, to put on a tie for dinner. I said dr. King,he said you are crazy. We laughed. He didnt suffer at all. I remember saying hes my friend, martin. Hold on, martin. He was gone. He was here. He was not here. Got knows this is the most tragic thing that happened in my life. You never really recover from such a scene. Knowing dr. King and news crews shadowed his every move. At the moment of his death, no Television Cameras were present. The only pictures take 19 day were by a south african filmmaker who was at work on a documentary about dr. King. I ran to help, but there was not much anyone could do. I have very sad news for all of you. And that is that Martin Luther king was shot and was killed tonight. We were very upset. We lost somebody like a father. Many are wondering which with way we are going to turn. We are not sure and we lost something and feel it deeply. We feel it. The 400 or 500 year leader has been taken from us. The white people do not know it, but the white peoples best friend is dead. Crowds gathered along the 125th street. Uncontrolled carnival of looting again. Dr. King gets assassinated and cities in the north go up in flame and riots. There is a sense that the nation is on the brink of civil war. Once they were burning down things and seen as violent, all the components that made the white man the obvious bad guy gets reversed. That was a horrible moment of watching the narrative shift. Martin luther kings death was not the final chapter in the struggle to overcome Racial Injustice in america. For a chyme time, kang changed to defiance and despite the hate, he saw hope. Dr. King said you have to create a crisis so that the power structures are forced to answer. We had to create crisis. Rooted in traditions that are far older than our chapter of the movement. It does not afford us the luxu luxury an anemic democracy. If you are fortunate, his memory can stick to your mind. King used to talk about peace is not the ab tens of tension, but the presence of justice. The price that america must pay for the continued oppression of the negro. Its the price of its own destruction. There was something happening in america that responded to his voice and his message. It is a struggle between the forces of light and darkness. It was a moment that galvanized people and brought people off the sidelines. Made them speak up and take a stand. This is not a conflict between black folk and white folk. It is between justice and injustice. He never framed it about race. It was to redeem the soul of america. Its a tragedy that he is kind of seen as a leader for black people from a different era rather than our leader. Let freedom ring. Dr. King said you are going to die. Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of george ja. You have nothing to say about where or when or how you die. Your only choice is what you give your life for. When we let it ring, we will be able to join hands and sing free at least, free at last, thank god almighty, we are free at last. Paige, this is carol. I just saw something on tv about you being gone since thursday night. I hope youre all right. Oh, my god. Oh, my god. Paige, if you get this, please, please call somebody. Everybodys worried about you. Everybodys looking for you. Please let us know youre okay. Page hopkins was a woman with a premonition. She said she knew something bad was going to happen. A couple days laters she was missing. We found out she had this second life. Quite obviously its dangerous. She had been playing a risky game. That opened up the door to