Supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. Sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. Barbara hope zuckerberg. Corporate funding is provided by mutual of america designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why we are your retirement company. Additional support has been provided by and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. From the tisch wnet studios at Lincoln Center in new york, hari sreenivasan. This is pbs newshour weekend. Sreenivasan good evening and thanks for joining us. Hillary clinton and donald trump are preparing for a superbowl sized audience in their first one on one debate since becoming the Major Party Nominees for president of the united states. The tv audience for tomorrow nights showdown at Hofstra University on new yorks long island is expected to top 100 million, with the candidates focused on the small percentage of voters who have not made up their minds. In an abc newswashington pos poll of likely voters published today, clinton held a slight advantage over trump, 46 to 44 . Clinton and trump have been hunkered down with advisers and briefing books, but both took time out today to meet separately with israeli Prime Minister benjamin netanyahu, who was in new york for the United Nations general assembly. Both running mates today talked about what they expect in the debate. Hes going to focus in this debate tomorrow night as he has throughout this election on the issues the American People care about. I think thats why you see the momentum in this campaign. I think the great virtue of these debates is you get 90 minutes to look at people and really see whether theres depth, whether theres substance, and whether theres candor and truthfulness in what they say. Sreenivasan joining me now from santa barbara, california, to talk about what the first president ial debate is newshour weekend special correspondent Jeff Greenfield. Im hearing super bowlesque number potentials for the audience that might be watching this. Do most of us wait for the the one liners, the moments, the verbal and Nonverbal Communications or are we actually paying attention the whole 90 minutes or two hours, or whatever it is . Certainly not just the audience but the army of journalists waited for those moments. If you ask a journalist to recite the hess tree of de debate, nixon looked shallow. Reagan said there you go again. Du kakis didnt seem it care if his wife was raped and murder. George hw bush looked at his watch. That is what always makes the next days stories. But i think that often its the entire 90 minutes that viewers take away, if you think about the obamaromney debate four years ago t wasnt any one moment that caused people to say romney had won, it was the overall difference between what seemed to be a kind of defensive, sometimes pet you lent obama and very assured in command romney. So that is what i think you need to pay as much attention to as those moments. Sreenivasan what about that level of expectation when romney looked president ial and perhaps the expectation for donald trump is can he look president ial, can he contain himself for this period of time, is that a different level of expectation we have for him than say Hillary Clinton who has had such a long career in Public Service . First of all, im developing an app which will deliver a nonlethal but painful shock to any analyst that says they have to appear president ial. You know, i always suggest someone should put on 200 pounds to look like William Howard taft. But more seriously, i think there is a danger of overstating the fact that donald trump is so out of the mainstream of candidates, you know, not only no Public Office but no Civic Engagement that he is going to be held to a quote lower standard. I think i understand the point, but i do think that 90 minutes oneonone with one of these two people is going to be president of the united states, and im not sure that a oneliner or a dismissive answer t a question about the complexities of say, dealing with nato countries under attack is going to be enough for him. I think that if he after 90 minutes cant offer a could herent account of a coherent account of what he means, that is going to cost him. Sreenivasan you in a former life have also helped candidates prepare for these events. Going into it, what would you tell both of these candidates today . Well, i have to say, i do think that i would advise Hillary Clinton it would be a much tougher piece of advice because it is true that what trump is im sure is being told is provide an answer that suggests you are familiar with the topic, and also counter her experience, this is what i once called political ju do, take the strength as a weakness. If you are so experienced, why did you vote for the war in iraq. How did we make such a hash of syria and libya. Her challenge, i think, would be both to acknowledge it, and then say one of the key things you need to do is a president is to learn from your mistakes the way john kennedy learned after the bay of pigs not to put too much trust in the military during the cuban nuclear crisis. And ten thurn it. I think she might all dim donald, you dont have evidence of admitting a miss tack, that is i bad notion for being a president. In the case of advising Hillary Clinton, there needs to be this fine line between trying to prove that shes smarter than he is, which would not be the right way to go, and then take his lack of knowledge and explain why that matters. This isnt just a civics test. It is about governing as president. Sreenivasan how about the role of moderator. What should lester hold be doing tomorrow night. In terms of lester hold, it is a very difficult position. I think jim lehrer was right who moderated many of these debates saying this isnt an interview, because are you moderatek a debate, what you need to do if you think that donald trump has stepped way over the line on factual matters which i think as a matter of fact he has, that to his opponent say what is your reaction to that secretary clinton. It is not his job to correct because then you wind up completely you know, unsettling the whole framework of the debate. Sreenivasan newshour special correspondent Jeff Greenfield joining us from santa barbara, thank you very much. Pleasure you can watch every president ial debate since 1960 at www. Watchthedebates. Org. Youll also see how past general election candidates addressed issues like the economy, healthcare, and gun control. Visit www. Watchthedebates. Org. Sreenivasan the attorney for the family of keith scott says Police Videos released last night prove scott was not acting aggressively when police shot him last week in the parking lot of his charlotte, north carolina, apartment complex. Police car dashboard camera video shows scott with his hands at his side, taking four steps backward, when he is shot. The officer who fired four shots at scott was not wearing a body camera, so his perspective is not seen in any video. Charlotte police chief kerr putney concedes the dashcam and body camera video from another officer on the scene do not offer proof that scott was armed. But chief putney says scott wa in possession of this handgun, which, he says, has scotts fingerprints and d. N. A. On it. Chief putney says he released the video in the interest of transparency. North carolinas state bureau of investigation has taken over the case. Joining me now for some perspective on the Police Involved shooting of keith scott in charlotte is carla shedd, an assistant professor of sociology and africanamerican studies at columbia university. She is also the author of unequal city race, schools, and perceptions of injustice. Last night a lot of people were waiting for some clarity saying okay, well, the Police Department would not have said that they will release these things unless the video is on their side. But it wasnt con cluesive. I know. We keep asking people to release tapes. But you know that there is Something Else going on. And this lack of transparency, i think its probably macking the public much more upset because he showed them a piece of it inselfed ksh instead of the full thing. It just muddees the issue even further and i know it makes more people upset. Sreenivasan what does it do to the fabric of the community when Something Like this happens and when there is essentially a heightened tension, especially around race. Well, ive been studying what i call the continueium, the range of contacts that people had with the police from just being stopped and asked questions to being stopped and searched to perhaps a deadly encounter with the police. And the range says wow, my side of the story wasnt taken or the Police Record would not even reveal what happened from my standpoint, we were only getting their standpoint. Sreenivasan are there any things at all working in framing how a Community Approaches police and getting resultsment because we saw very different outcomes in tulsa, oklahoma than we did in north carolina. Well, i think measures of account ability, the victims of tulsa was they released the difference was they released the footage early in tulsa. They had a sense of here is more data about what was going on. If we have people who tallly have connections to Police Officers where they know them from the community, so it comes to having some stronger connections amongst the people and being seen as fully human and that onetoone reach could, you know, scale up to a general perception of trust. But its really hard to do that. And we have to work from both ends in changing in the only the culture of policing but the structure of inequality that would make it so that police are the first people that we call, and see, that i am recognized fully as a person. If all of the video out there, does it make it more difficult for communities to engage in a conversation or does it first what does it do in that kind of larger context having these incredibly impassioned flairups occur . There are no definitive accounts. And i think having the video gives some sol as to people in saying this should be an objective record and often is not. But it means that we are really grasping for something to show that there might be a different side because people dont have great trust in what is the Police Record. And what is the sort of side of that the officers. So even with the advantage point of body cameras, this comes where you are seeing it from the polices van taj point. Its not from that other citizens van taj point. And i think we can take that metaphor to mean how do we get the record of the people. How do we understand their accounts and what they go through. Sreenivasan carla shedd from columbia university, thank you very much. Thank you for having me. Sreenivasan a 20yearold man is expected to make his First Court Appearance tomorrow for allegedly killing five people in a mall in Washington State friday night. Police arrested arcan cetin last night about 24 hours after he allegedly opened fire inside a macys store at cascade mall, near burlington, washington, a small town about 60 miles north of seattle. The shooting, carried out with a hunting rifle, began at 7 p. M. All of the victims had been at or near the macys makeup counter. Cetin, a permanent u. S. Resident from turkey, was arrested, unarmed, walking on the street about 30 miles from the mall. At an emergency meeting of the United NationsSecurity Council today, the u. N. Special envoy to syria said renewed government airstrikes on the rebelheld half of aleppo, once syrias largest city, may amount to a war crime. The britainbased syrian observatory for human rights says more than 200 people have been killed by airstrikes in aleppo since a ceasefire brokered by the u. S. And russia fell apart last week. At the u. N. , the Foreign Ministers of britain and france blamed russia, which supports syrian president bashar assad, for prolonging the fiveand halfyearold civil war. A Broad Coalition of rebel groups today denounced International Negotiations for peace in syria as meaningless. U. S. Ambassador to the u. N. Samantha power said assads actions in aleppo amounted to barbarism. India will ratify the landmark Climate Change accord agreed to in paris last december. Prime minister Narendra Modi said today india will do so on october 2nd, because it is the anniversary of the birth of mahatma gandhi, considered the father of modern india and someone who famously lived with a low carbon footprint. India is the worlds thirdmost prolific emitter of planet warming Carbon Dioxide gas. Its decision to implement the paris accord follows the announcement by president obama and president xi of china earlier this month, that the u. S. And china, the worlds worst carbon emitters, will adopt the accord, too. Sreenivasan the average chief executive officer in Corporate America earns more than 300 times the pay of the average worker. Thats just one of many statistics that points to the growing income inequality between the rich and the poor in the u. S. It has been on the rise since the 1970s and become an issue in this years president ial campaign. Last year, the relatively young c. E. O. Of a privatelyheld company, who does not need to answer to public shareholders, decided to turn that compensation equation on its head. In tonights signature segment newshour weekend special correspondent john larson looks into why. Portions this story aired previously on the Public TelevisionProgram Religion and ethics newsweekly. This story is part of our series on poverty, jobs, and opportunity in america,chasing the dream. Gravity payments, this is korrine. Reporter about a yearanda half ago, life changed for the 100 employees of gravity payments in seattle when their boss, dan price, announced the companys minimum wage would jump to 70,000 a year. Effectively immediately, we are going to put a scaled policy into place, and we are going to have a minimum 70,000 pay rate for everyone that works here. Reporter the hikes would be phased in. A 50,000 a year minimum wage took effect immediately, and would rise to 60,000 by the end of 2016, and 70,000 in 2017. Price said hed help pay for the increases by slashing his own 1 million a Year Compensation by more than 90 to 70,000. Im curious if anyone has any questions . Reporter stories of his announcement went viral. Everyone is getting a raise at a seattlebased company. One boss just changed the lives of his employees. Reporter one of six kids, homeschooled in an evangelical family in idaho, price was a member of a local christian rock band until he was 16. And thats when, with assistance from his dad, he helped a local coffee house owner with her credit card processing, the fees charged by banks and Credit Card Companies each time her customers used a card. I was able to get her costs lowered, and it was a good experience for her. All of a sudden i had a reference. Reporter price parlayed that reference and a passion for helping Small Businesses into hundreds of clients and created his company. By his early 20s, he was getting rich, but growing increasingly troubled by what he called extreme income inequality in the united states. Frankly, the reality was disturbing, but the trend was even more disturbing. Reporter according to the Washington Center for equitable growth, the average income of the nations top 1 of families last year was about 1. 4 million, while the average income of the bottom 99 of families was 49,000 a year. When you create a society that has so much inequality, where the rich and the poor have a divide that is hundreds of times over. To me the way we were going everybody was going to be hurt. Reporter all this was happening at a time when the cost of living here in seattle was skyrocketing. The cost of housing, especially rent, was going up so fast that many medium and lower income families couldnt afford it. Two years ago, seattle voters approved gradually raising the local minimum wage from 10 to 15 an hour, the first major American City to do so. A study published in july by the university of washington found the citys lowestpaid workers experienced a significant increase in wages. Which is precisely the effect price wanted for his staff, and then some. Gravity payments, this is alyssa. Reporter alyssa oneal, a single mom, used to make 21,000 a year before coming to gravity payments. Now she makes almost 60,000 as a Customer Support representative. Shes paid off her car loan, credit card debt, and moved into a better home. Its something i never could have imagined. Let me see if i can find that for you. Reporter korinne ward, in Customer Support, used to have a long commute. Now she can afford to live close and im able to afford the cost of living in seattle, which is incredible. Reporter many employees told me they now feel secure enough financially to start families. Hes due on october 12, and hes a male, a boy, yes reporter typically the company had one or two employee pregnancies each year, now . Seven or eight. Our daughter, laylee rose, shes 11 weeks old today. Reporter some proclaimed price the best boss in america, but in protest of the minimum wage policy, some higher paid employees quit, and a few clients dropped the companys service. Conservative talk show host Rush Limbaugh predicted prices downfall. This is pure, unadulterated socialism, which has never worked. Thats why i hope this company is a case study in m. B. A. Programs on how socialism doesnt work, because its going to fail. Reporter turns out, Harvard Business school did study price for class discussion. It found the 70,000 minimum wage announcement generated not only a flood of job applicants, but many new clients. And, as for limbaughs prediction about prices company . He still has to hold his breath, because it hasnt failed, i think on balance its prospered. Reporter in fact, gravity payments now reports Company Revenue has grown by 75 , and its number of new clients has risen 67 . Some of their success might be attributed to increased productivity on the part of the workers, who feel respected and understand they are going to have a hard time finding another job that pays so well, but it also has generated a lot of publicity, and that has been good in terms of pulling in business. Mangoes, peaches, nectarines, cherries, yes, maam . Reporter clients like sosios produce in seattles Pike Place Market predict as long as gravity payments offers good service and low cost, clients wont care about their high minimum wage. To me, if theyre running their business in a way that their staff feel better about being part of the company, work harder with their customers, to me as a vendor, thats a good thing. Reporter and if you get a sense that these higher wages somehow raise your bill . Then well have a conversation. Well, there was a colleague of mine years ago who taught that our mission at the Harvard Business school ought to be to teach people to make a decent profit decently. There are lots of forces in the world that may overpower that or may make it difficult, but its nice to see these examples of people who can swim against that tide. Reporter which may be one reason why prices employees agreed to buy him a gift. We had tried to think of a way that we could thank dan for what hes done for us. Reporter a little payback . A little payback, yeah. Reporter Customer Support representative alyssa oneal got the idea rolling. We have one more gift for you. Its outside though. Reporter she convinced the other employees to all chip in and in july they bought him a are you kidding me . Most when it happened, it was like it was meant to be. Oh my gosh i was really surprised by his reaction. Thank you he said, i dont want to even see the car, i want to see you guys. and he turned around and hugged everybody and made sure he hugged everybody first before getting in the car and touching it. Reporter so you had sort of a crush on this car for a long time and never thought youd have one . I thought id have one one day, but you ever have one of those goals where you say its three years or two years, but it never becomes one year, its always three years . And three years goes by, and its still three years . It was kind of one of those deals. Reporter since his promise of a 70,000 a year minimum wage, higher Profile Companies like starbucks and walmart have raised their minimum wage too, though none nearly as much. If there is an ethic, what is it . I think its whats your purpose . And business is really missing its potential, if it sees its purpose as creating money. It should have some larger purpose. I think its a recipe for a better life and more success in business. Reporter price says for now he wants to live modestly, grow his company for his clients and employees and see to what degree other Companies Follow suit. The truth is im still trying to figure all this out. Reporter and, we are sitting inside a tesla and we are sitting inside a tesla, and im doing my best to try to deconstruct what i think here as a 32yearold guy who has a lot more to learn. This is pbs newshour weekend sunday. Within the next year, the federal Aviation Administration expects 600,000 drones to be used commercially in the united states. Globally, the commercial drone market is predicted to reach 127 billion dollars by 2020. However, not all of the drones in the sky are supposed to be there, as newshour weekends Christopher Booker explains. Reporter police in the netherlands are taking a unique approach toward unwanted and potentially unsafe drones. They are the first in the world to use birds to hunt and catch drones that are being used illegally. These eagles are trained to see the drones as prey. Using their hunting instinct, they intercept the device mid air, and carry it to a safe landing place. They are rewarded with a piece of meat after each successful capture. The eagles successfully brought down the drones 80 of the time. Now they will begin deploying eagles to capture drones that pose a potential danger, including when they fly in restricted air space, too close to airports, or during visits from dignitaries. Reporter the dutch police say that none of the birds were harmed during the testing, but they continue to monitor any possible impact on the talons of the eagles. And they are commissioning special claw protectors that will help further prevent injuries to the eagles when they intercept larger drones. Up until now, our only option has been to try to find the drone operator, the pilot, but it can be very hard to find that person. It can take a long time and thats why you want to have the ability to capture the device yourself. About 100 officers across the country will be trained to use the birds. For now, these drone hunters are being provided and trained by a private company. But the dutch police are committed to the plan and have even begun to raise their own sea eagle chicks. They expect to have their own flying squad trained and hunting drones by next summer. Sreenivasan finally Major League Baseball is mourning the death of Miami Marlins allstar pitcher jose fernandez, he died earl earlier this morning when the fishing he was riding in crashed at a high rate of speed into a jetty. He was the National League rook of the rookie of the year in 2013. Tomorrow on the newshour special live coverage of the first clinton and trump debate. Thats all for this edition of pbs newshour weekend. Im hari sreenivasan, have a good night. Captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org pbs newshour weekend is made possible by bernard and irene schwartz. Judy and josh weston. The cheryl and Philip Milstein family. The john and Helen Glessner family trust. Supporting trustworthy journalism that informs and inspires. Sue and edgar wachenheim, iii. Barbara hope zuckerberg. Corporate funding is provided by mutual of america designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why we are your provided by upport has been and by the corporation for public broadcasting, and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Narrator truly california presented in association with. Next on truly california, for fred lyon, photography is an art. Lyon if you dont feel a terrible urgency to do it, maybe you should be selling shoes. Narrator but its also a business. Lyon im not a believer in starving artists. Narrator and for over seven decades, its been a way of life that has sustained his drive to create. Lyon on assignment, i always do the safe picture