Some were hailed as heroes, others showed small acts of bravery and brotherhood known only to those with whom they fought and served. This is the story of their unknown valor. Im martha mccallum, growing up my mother, betty mccallum, told us the story of her cousin harry gray who shared with us his touching letters in the summer of 1944 at 18 he left arlington, massachusetts just after High School Graduation to join the marines and serve in the pacific. I was always intrigued and moved by these letters and i knew very little of the battle of iwo jima but i knew harrys death there left a deep grief in my mothers family. A few years ago i decided to tell his story. It struck me that in war movies there are the heroes and then there are hundreds of others. The guys who get hit on the beach or in the villages, just trying to carry out the mission. They are the extras in the movie but for some families somewhere they are there harry gray, their lost love, the line on the family tree that just ends. A young man who never got to have a life, get married, grow old and to learn about terry and what happened to him on march 13, 1945 i started with a trip to new york to visit his sister, my aunt nancy. She told me about their lives growing up with my mom, my great aunt nan, my grandfather sister and her dad, harry gray senior. This is at the beach and this is my brother right ear. He was a blondie. We were a close family. Was he protective of you . I think he was. I didnt really have an opportunity to see very much of that. Weeks before christmas in 1938 tragedy struck the family. Harry senior died suddenly of Heart Failure making harry junior the man of the house at just 12 years old . My life totally changed after that. And my brothers totally changed too. We didnt have money because my father had only paid into Social Security for two years and you had to pay and for three years before you could collect so my mother went to work. It was with harrys letters home as well as those of his pal, george colburn, that i began. I soon realized the story of iwo jima weekends at pearl harbor. December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy. The United States of america was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the empire of japan. With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounded determination of our people we will gain the inevitable trium triumph, so help us god. I had no idea why my mouth was constantly dry. It gave me bad breath. It was so embarrassing. Now i take biotene dry mouth lozenges whenever im on the go, which is all the time. Biotene dry mouth lozenges. Freshen breath anytime, anywhere. But allstate helps you. With drivewise. Feedback that helps you drive safer. And that can lower your cost now that you know the truth. Are you in good hands . Set yourself free with fleet. Gentle constipation relief in minutes. Little fleet. Big relief. Try it. Feel it. Feel that fleet feeling. Little fleet. Big relief. Try it. Feel it. sensethe lack of control when iover my businessai, made me a little intense. But now quickbooks helps me get paid, manage cash flow, and run payroll. And now im back on top. With koala kai. vo save over 40 hours a month with intuit quickbooks. Go to the pharmacy counter for powerful. Congestion and pressure . Claritind. While the leading allergy spray is indicated for 6 symptoms. Claritind is indicated for 8. Including sinus congestion and pressure. Claritind. Get more. On september 1, 1939 hitlers invasion of poland triggered the beginning of world war ii. Prime minister Winston Churchill was determined to convince president roosevelt to help Great Britain beat back the not the aggression in europe before it stretched across the channel to england. It was a fight america wanted nothing to do with it after the devastating losses of world war i but after japans vicious surprise attack at pearl harbor the United States was at war. Young men across the country lined up to enlist and join the fight. Boys like harry gray in arlington, massachusetts, george colburn, neighboring medford who played football with harry and whose mother was finally with harrys mom. Dominic and lockport, new york, herman greater of dayton, ohio. Charles of heller town, pennsylvania. Woody williams, west virginia. Rondeau of chicago. They joined thousands of others who were champion at the bit to fight the japanese. It was a generation back then. Your country was at war and he wanted to do something to help. Nancy remembers it well. So many of the boys at that time were also patriotic and they thought it was their duty to save the country. I said im joining the marines because i like the uniform. [inaudible] i said mom, im going into the air force. I did not know the difference between a marine and an army job in the marines had a attractive uniform and they could really get the girls. That appealed. [laughter] they were off to paris island and there they would train and become marines. I remember my mother did not want him to become a marine. She would prefer to have him in the navy because then she would have a bed to place him in rather than a foxhole. Harry graduated in high school, kissed his girlfriend goodbye and bowed to marry her when he got home for it in the number summer of 1944 he was off to paris island for training. He wrote to uncle frank, my grandfather, who is like a father to him after his dad died. We do calisthenics every morning till he almost collapsed but we try to keep going but yesterday we drove 120 degrees wearing full combat gear. We kept this up until three fellows collapsed. This place is nerveracking that one fellow from another platoon tried to commit suicide last night by cutting his throat. Just by chance, they found him before he died. Charles remembers well how tough it was. If i had had a gun or Something Like that [inaudible] it was tough but they made a marine out of me. While researching unknown valor i discovered my friend, nikki uncle was also killed on iwo jima. A long talk led to the unraveling of his amazing heroism. His name was Dominic Rossi, of lockport, new york. High school and College Football star he turned down an offer to play for the new york giants. He determined instead to fight for his country. That was his story but he wanted to play football. Then the war started and he tried the military and told him i really want to play football and i will plate when i get home. He came home one day and started talking about the marines and of course, i think my mom and dad were so surprised about that because he was still going to college but they gave him their blessing and he did pretty he joined the marines. Rossi was quickly recognized as a leader and during officer training at quantico in virginia he became a Second Lieutenant in the marine corps. In october 1944, their training complete newly minted marines, harry gray, herman, charlie and george were assigned to the 34th replacement draft. They would stop in california and then on to the pacific. Lieutenant cross he was eager to get to the battle. Im sort of glad and starting and im tired of standing by and waiting. I think i will enjoy the coming adventure. 1 in 3 deaths is caused by cardiovascular disease. 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Download audible and start every day off right. Live from americas news headquarters im a chef. President trump on his way to india right now and he is expected to pack a lot into a two day visit. The highlight of the trip will be a huge rally in the Worlds Largest cricket stadium before leaving the white house after trump told reporters that indias Prime Minister told him that 7 Million People will be lining the street from the airport to that big event. 100,000 people are expected at that rally. Composted Prime Minister at a rally in houston last year that drew 50000 people. In the meantime austria shuts down train traffic with italy prevent a further spread of the coronavirus. Italy is rushing right now to contain europes first major outbreak. It is battling more than 150 cases of the virus. Italy announcing its shutting down dennis famed Carnival Events as well. Im aisha hasnie and now back to unknown valor. February 1945 world war ii had been raging for nearly six years. As allied forces fought nazi in Europe America was virtually alone against the battle against the japanese and pacific. U. S. Forces battled across the island securing them one by one, killing enemy fighters and regaining the pivotal airfields on each when the solomon to the will birth and Marshall Islands to the marianas inching closer to mainland japan. [inaudible] very deep underground 20000 of the toughest fighting men waited for us to make the first move. Most of us cannot figure out [inaudible] u. S. Bomber jobs had been pummeling the island for months attempting to cripple japanese defenses. It was to secure the island and the two airstrips as a stopover for Battle Damaged be 29 on their way to and from bombing runs to mainland japan. There was only so much bombardment could achieve. The 22000 japanese fighters werent on the island, they were in the island. The Imperial Army had spent months digging into the hard surface and building an underground city complete with hospitals, command centers and sleeping quarters. It was the plan of general and his family military history stretched back to the samurai. The general was a man of the world and had lived and worked in the United States for years as a military attache. He knew the ingenuity and tenacity of the americans. He also knew the victory given japans navy and air power was impossible but he would make sure that the u. S. Paid a heavy price for iwo jima. His laws of battle for his men commanded each to kill at least ten americans before they died in combat or their final act of sacrifice for the emperor. Suicide. On the brink of battle the general watched the sea from his command post waiting for the attack. Just beyond his sites general Holland Smith and his naval armada were approaching. Mayday, this is the toughest days in marine corps history. When this flag drops our landing kraft will head for the beach. Marines descended on iwo jima. They leave the way [inaudible] they are going on the toughest assignment of marine corps history. The first wave of troops has gotten ashore. [crowd boos] we all jacked up and some guys were coming down into the nets were dropping into the vote and we headed in there and i had full throttle and then we started getting closer. This is an historic film record of the force first votes pushing off the shore at iwo jima. 500 landing kraft and ten waves landed on the beach. The troops are United States marines and they are on the way to write new pages of heroism. Marines of the fourth and Fifth Division landed with only scant resistance at first leaving them to believe the Bombing Campaign had been a success. But then the 36th day that would become iwo jima pecan. General held his fire waiting for the beaches to become congested with marines and then he began unleashing on the fourth and Fifth Divisions now deep in enemy territory. Landing vehicles were piling up on the waters edge and wants out of them the men struggled on the terraces of ashy volcanic sand and it sucked in their boots, their backs heavy with gear. There was no protection. [inaudible] twentyfour hours after the battle began more than 500 americans were dead and nearly 2000 wounded. Thousands more bounced around on the top bc waiting to be sent into battle. We sat out there for several days waiting to see if they would use us. Finally, just before noon on the 20th we had to cross that first airfield and we lost a tremendous number of marines. Charlie remembers. There was a pile of guts covered with ponchos and someone said they had shoes like we do. [inaudible] they were not gaps but they were marines. There was an odor of death on the island. A lot of dead bodies,. I was so disgusted and that if the jabs had shot me i would have thanked them. On iwo jima southern and was Mount Suribachi and on the 50 of the battle fought their way to the top. Colonel turner gave the order to ceasefire. Our guns are quiet. We wait for a sign. Mount suribachi is hours. At the moment immortalized in its iconic photo symbolized a war that while coming to an end was far from over. On iwo jima Dominic Rossi led company k21 marines in one of the most vicious battles of the fiveweek struggle. They were fighting to beat back japanese resistance at a ridge near the second airfield. February 24, 94 to 5 they were assigned to get the airstrip number two. The first two attempts were not successful in many men fell. But they got to the top of the hill and the japanese were waiting for them. He survived the battle and was awarded the navy cross for his valor. One of only ten recipients on iwo jima. His citation red, Second Lieutenant rossi led his unit against the japanese with dauntless courage slashing right and left with his bayonet thrusting grenades into massive emplacements sunk in the sand, dropping them behind rocks, sweeping aside the enemy, holding desperately and fighting furiously in hand to hand engagement as he smashed through a sector swarming with japanese to gain a 50foot ridge on the opposite side of the airstrip. Trying to take that airfield they all had to do hand to hand combat fighting. It was really so brave. That is the day he really got the navy cross for. After that battle he sent a letter home from the hospital ship that mentioned neither his wounds nor his heroism. Dearest mother, ive been doing movie lately and that is the reason i have not written. I know youre worried but everything is all right. Im on iwo jima and it is a hotspot. It is just about secured and we will move back to guam in a day or two could i just finished a hot bacon and egg cracker sandwich with a hot cup of coffee. First hot stuff in about five days. Give my love to daddy and the children, your son, dom. Not far from that ridge was the young flamethrower operator from west virginia. He was considered too short for the marines when he first tried to enlist. Herschel woody williams. He had been there two days and we lost so many people. An officer asked me and said that the only flamethrower operator left and could i do something about some of these and my remark was i will try. So he told me to pick for marines to help me. I just said you, you, you and you. They were just marines. Two of those marines sacrifice their lives protecting mine. I never knew who they were but [inaudible] that impacted but loss is loss. You have to accept those things after a while. Williams is the last surviving iwo jima medal of honor recipients. Lieutenant rossi insisted on going back to iwo jima after he recovered. He was killed on march 8 on his way to the ocean in the final days of the fight. He could have come home but sadly try to take that airfield was when he was shot down. We do know it was shot and had and a quick death. We are thankful for that but he could have come home. It says a lot to the character of him and his patriotism, love of country, dedication, rededicated man. Truly, he was a big hero. They were all heroes. To put on . I mean i would have but im a commercial vehicle so i dont have hands. Or a camera. Or a website. Should we franchise . Is the market ready for that . Can we franchise . How do you do that . Meg oh meg we should do that thing where you put the business cards in the fishbowl and somebody wins something. Meg hi. Im here for. Im here for the evans wedding. Weve got the cake in the back, so, yeah. Meg thank you. Progressive knows Small Business makes big demands. 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Oh, what a relief it is so fast im happy to give you the tour, i lohey jay. It. Jay . Charlotte oh hi. He helped me set up my watch lists. Oh, hes terrific. Excellent tennis player. Byebye. I recognize that voice. Annie . Yeah she helped me find the right bonds for my income strategy. Youre very popular around here. Theres a birthday going on. Karl he took care of my 401k rollover. Wow, you call a lot. Yeah, well its my money were talking about here. Joining us for karaoke later . Ah, id love to, but people get really emotional when i sing. Help from a team that will exceed your expectations. I knew in order to write a note to valor i would have to see iwo jima for myself. The japanese regained control of the island in 1968 once a year during of the battle they allow a small number of americans to visit for a few short hours. They are there to attend the reunion of honor, a gathering of american and japanese veterans and dignitaries, both sides remember those they lost. More than 70 years after his death i was see where harry gray and so many others fought and died. We boarded an Early Morning flight from guam, about one hour later iwo jima came slowly into view. Passengers craned their next to get a look at Mount Suribachi, the caves carved into the rock in the black sand beaches. Upon landing the veterans ascended the stairs and set foot on the island once again they were greeted by the commandant of the marine corps, all saluted and shook hands. Then we set off for the 2mile track to Mount Suribachi. On the top we looked down at the landing beaches and saw the spot where the flag was raised. It is now just a sawedoff pipe surrounded by cement. The u. S. Memorial where veterans and family paid their respects as they remember the nearly 7000 marines who gave their lives to secure this island. Further down on the island we saw what is left of the airstrip provided a pivotal stopover for the bombers on their way to the japanese mainland. I walked with ron, a vietnam veteran, historian and my coauthor for this book. Ron had been to iwo jima multiple times as for historical tours and knows the battle well. He pointed out the beach where harry, george, charlie and the rest of the replacement draft landed back in 1945. The approach was up an incline, up a second incline so by the time you get there you dont have much left. Ron took me to another spot, the place where the mortars hit on march 13. Near the upper part of the island was an area known as turkey knob and an amphitheater. This is where the japanese held out for weeks, long after the planned flag raised on Mount Suribachi marines were still being killed as the generals were fighting with a vengeance before meeting their own death. I walked the field where harry died and thought about these young men. I knew from harrys buddy, george colburns letters to my aunt and grandfather, what had happened here. He had written to them after harry was killed. Deere missus gray, this [inaudible] harry and i were buddies. I was with him at iwo jima and i was with him the day it happened. I am sure he was killed instantly and there was no pain. [inaudible] im sure he went to heaven. Could switching to geico really save you fifteen percent or more on Car Insurance . Do woodchucks chuck wood . Hey you dang woodchucks, quit chucking my wood geico. Fifteen minutes could save you fifteen percent or more on Car Insurance. 100 online car buying. Carvanas had a lot of firsts. Car vending machines. And now, putting you in control of your financing. At carvana, get personalized terms, browse for cars that fit your budget, then customize your down payment and monthly payment. And these arent madeup numbers. Its what youll really pay, right down to the penny. Whether youre shopping or just looking. It only takes a few seconds, and it wont affect your credit score. Finally a totally different way to finance your ride. Only from carvana. The new way to buy a car. Applebees new irresistabowls now starting at 7. 99. Now thats eatin good in the neighborhood. We make aspirin to help save lives during a heart attack. So it never stops the heart of a family. At bayer, this is why we science. When i returned from iwo jima i got a call from a research friend. He asked for a picture of harry gray to show his friend, charlie. He knew charlie was in the 31st replacement draft and it also been wounded on march 13. I was in the 134 replacement draft and they would use us where we were needed so my job was picking up the dead, taking off dogtags. [inaudible] it wasnt until charlie saw the picture of harry that it all came flooding back. He knew very well. They shared a foxhole and he was there when the mortars hit and harry and another young buddy, herman, or killed that day. In the 34th replacement draft is this the one that you recognize . Oh, yeah. That was my buddy, gray, i think his name was gray. He was my uncle. He was your uncle . Let me tell you a story about that. He was my buddy. My foxhole buddy. He would always call me pop because i was 24 at that time and he was 18. He would always say pop, sleep, i will watch. To find charlie after all these years was not something i had ever anticipated when i began writing unknown valor but his story lined up perfectly with everything we knew about that day. He was able to tell us things about terry we never would have known. We had a lot of fun. I will tell you. Somehow that day we discovered the japanese cave and they had a bunch of rifles so gray said we will get souvenirs and he got a rifle. Harry gray . Yeah, he had a japanese rifle but then when i got wounded, i lost everything. Harry gray wrote this letter to his mother on march 12. Deere mom, i suppose youre worried to death over me. Im in the best i saw george yesterday and he is fine as far as i know. Mom, please pick out a nice corsage for easter and say on the tag to my love, harry. Everything is fine, love your son, harry. Charlie remembers the next day, march 13. He, harry gray and herman were headed to the front for the very first time. They were marching in a column of 19 carrying ammunition. Mortar landed on the right edge about 50 feet and no one paid no attention. Then there was one on the lefthand side, i guess, about the same distance and i hollered hit the deck and it got us right in the middle. I was wounded and i was out. I still have shrapnel today. But gray and herman lost their lives. Do you think harry gray was killed instantly . Yes. I am so glad i got to meet you and that you remember him because ive never met anybody who was with him there and its remarkable to be able to talk to you about it. I cant even express it. Weeks later i made a second visit. This time bringing my aunt nancy to meet charlie who could finally tell her a firsthand account of what happened to her 18 yearold beloved brother. I want to introduce you to my aunt. This is nancy gray. This is grays yes. Can i give you a hug . Yes. Im delighted to meet you. Its been 73 years, a long time coming. My brother was harry gray. He was honest about what happened after the mortars hit. They lay there dead. Gray was hit with a shrapnel on the side of his head. It was about an inch or two and the shrapnel was in his brains and that what killed him. I never heard that. I often wondered really what happened. These two people, 70 years later, share a bond of the loss and horrors of war, of friends and brothers and of scars that never heal. I will treasure this and treasure you. I will treasure this memory. It was wonderful meeting with you and talking with you. Yes, thank you. Im sorry for what happened. I was getting close to finishing unknown valor but decided to go through george colburns fire file one more time. Late last night about a document georges request for his marine records. He had moved from new england to florida and unfortunately they had been lost but there was an address and soon we had a phone number. George was alive at 93 years old, the same age his old buddy harry great would be. When george and i connected i told him i was harry grays knees. He wept and told me i thought about harry all the time. We would go in and we boarded the vote and that is when i ended up [inaudible] we were all very close. Thank god we had each other. George and harry were inseparable. Seems like the lieutenant knew harry and knight more than anybody else. Gray and colburn, gray and colburn. Similarly, a letter from one almost assuredly meant a letter from the other. We had written home and harry was a [inaudible] i would write home that i was with harry. My mother would call his mother and said i got a letter from george. We had a great time and [inaudible] there were good times. We would talk in the Marshall Islands and i remember harry and i wanted us to go to shore and we had a [inaudible] the captain broke out the beer and we had a great time. But the bad memories followed closely behind. One of the hardest days for him was the day of my uncles death. We were laying in the crater, me and harry, wondering what the hell we were doing or where do we go from here and some of the marines came out and yelled hey, gray, hey, gray, they want you at headquarters. He gave me a quick hug and took off. We ended up at a bridge, a little further down, about 15 us on that ridge and harry was one of them but at the other end of the door and he yelled hey colburn, youre still with us and i said yeah, im here gray. We were back and forth like that. That is the night that we had an awful mortar attack. One of them landed right between harry and and killed both of them. He never cried out. I know he died instantly. I went down the line and i said i know, i know, i know. His body was over there and i wanted to kick him like why did you do this. So, dont you know i love you. And i never saw him again. We loved one another. I thought how could he do this. I was mad at him. It is my recollection that when we were leaving how they did it i have no idea. There were 7000 plus. [inaudible] the names of every kid is there on the ground. We were kids but we were tearyeyed about you know. We had to leave them. They were just like us, high school kids, this was six months before i was on a resume i was taking a girl to the High School Senior prom. That was back in june and here what happened, you know . Private harry gray along with Dominic Grassi and thousands of other marines would be buried on iwo jima. Harry and dominic never met, as far as i know, but quartermaster rushers show that when the graves were exhumed and their bodies sent home in may 1945 harry to boston and dominic to new york their names lined up alphabetically and they sailed home sidebyside. 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Hey more mercy. vo save over 40 hours a month with intuit quickbooks. The easy way to a happier business. 75 years have passed since the last days of world war ii. Lives have been lived, children and grandchildren born but when the men of iwo jima reflect they wonder why they were spared and others were not. We looked at the pictures he kept in his wallet and the prayer he wrote. It was sent home to massachusetts along with his id bracelet from his sweetheart. The reunion and memories that surfaced our mixed blessing. I dont want anyone to have to go through this. You dont get over it. I would have flashbacks that would scare the hell out of me and i would end up on the floor sweating all over. Hes been back to iwo jima before and was with us on the 7h anniversary. I want to pay respect my buddies, standing over there grave and looking down. [inaudible] i got a chance to be there and live a good life and you guys never got a chance to enjoy that. You guys come up and all go down there and stay there through weekend and you guys get a chance to live the kind of life i got to and see what it was like but dont go awol on me when you get back because i dont want to stay down there. He spent his life honoring the men we lost in building up memorials across the country. At 96 years old hes the only living medal of honor recipient from world war ii. [inaudible] it was what we had to do at the time. Made the memory of these men sustain us all and remind us of their sacrifice to secure our freedom. May we never forget their bravery and all they gave up so that we might live free. We are forever indebted to these heroes whose unknown valor we are obligated to know. Prime minister, its a pleasure. Good to see you. In a big election coming up, im a little perplexed as an american. Youve entered into this peace deal with the president of the United States, youve negotiated this peace deal, and this peace deal onservatively and the palestinians to in their own way but in terms of israel, it expands your boundaries, increases your security, but this is what im perplexed about