Huge challenges remain in this edition of made. Well look at some of the problems and solutions for our plan. Us among the places will take you is the mar manure lagoon in spain, where agricultural practices are destroying marine life. Also coming up how a shortage of fertilizer is leading to some promising innovations in the United States. The complicated politics and Environmental Impact of deep sea mining and how to create diamonds out of thin air. Im k, ferguson, thanks for joining me. For millennia human activity has been leaving. Its mark on the environment. In ancient rome, woodland was cleared for the construction of boats and bridges. Us even then there were some voiced concerns. The philosopher seneca is said to have complained that the construction of villas was destroying the easy of coastline. Fast forward to the middle ages when the development of mercury mining lead to the contamination of surrounding bushes. Laser still in 1713 hans cow upon coll, events wrote a treatise on the need for sustainable forestry. 2 centuries later, air pollution in london gave rise to the term smog. A combination of the words, smoke and fog. In recent decades, organizations like greenpeace, have worked to hold the culprits of environmental destruction to account. In our next report, we look at how industrial farming in spain is contributing to the demise of marine life ah, shallow waters, fine, sandy beaches, and plenty of sunshine. The mar manon, spains mediterranean coast is the largest salt water boone in europe. Not only is it a vacation paradise, it also has a unique ecosystem but to find being protected, this body of water is rapidly becoming a death. So in mid summer last year, thousands of dead fish, crabs, and other marine animals washed ashore. And it appears to be happening again. Many in spain or shocked. The big question is, why is the mom and or dying pager . Lou ango has seen the disaster play out 1st for lama. Singles. Every morning we found hundreds of fish with their white bellies floating upwards a failure. It was a scene of despair, just horrible it and they were under this guide made you cry, seeing the ecosystem in that state them are going with them. Is that going with unit we head out on to the mom and all the lagoon is separate from the mediterranean. It has a high assault content and forms its own biotech lingo is on the lookout for what local school the. So ive added the green c. Its caused by the ramp and right and ill be in the water. The more al geek, the less oxygen, the reason the water is a high risk that thousands of green animals will suffocate again this summer. Let me tell you that it was over a main problem is the fertilizers that keep boring in to the mar, and they know that theyre killing the ecosystem. We urgently need to solve this problem based on what that is in for. And the only way of doing that is by reforming agriculture. A cannuck umberella bill, can i, legal up fruit and vegetable plantations have taken hold around the mom and all the industry is worth millions. Agriculture in lithia is a huge, high output enterprise. Its the regions biggest economic sector, critic said not whats causing the must die off in the lagoon way. But agribusiness is a passing the buck but a hamp law air last or i think that the residential areas dumped their waste water into the mar minner. They bought out a la while at them, and im on my know, im 100 percent certain that our agriculture as it is now, doesnt pollute anything, cannot fit that everything is measured precisely to avoid contamination or not. I mean, ah, but the reality in this extremely dry region, often looks very different. Arrayed on an Agricultural Farm and covers an illegal dissemination plant. Something thats not uncommon here. The water is used for irrigation, but the toxic by products are disposed of in the mom and all. In addition, thousands of a legal, deep wells, i used by farmers to irrigate around 8000 hectors of crop land. The Public Prosecutors Office is investigating 40 companies and private individuals, but for far too long, authorities and politicians have turned a blind eye, says environmental if Peter Lorenzo for example, its been known for years that millions of tons of nitrate flow through this canal, directly into the mom and i get will it be Agricultural Industry here . Ignores the environmental consequences. Hidden. Its focuses on maximizing profits. Well, take no responsibility for the waste of my training the moment, nor like a sewer gallagher. Big supermarket chains across europe by tons of fruits and vegetables from the more c, a region or these businesses profiting off the back of the environment. Our requests for an interview were declined in a written statement. Germans supermarket aldi, said that all in spanish, suppliers have to meet high standards that the random checks, but that they otherwise rely on the countries own legal framework. This doesnt wash with agricultural expert. Im on nevada, he says to farming lobby, and marcia is so powerful that hardly any one is afraid of police or the authorities. And that alleys supposedly high standards, are a foss, magland little bit, if you can, and the big food chains dominate the market. Holla, they own more than 95 percent, a normal bargain, but they pay next to nothing. But they tried to get everything cheaper even by one sent to pull them up. Sometimes they pay the farmers. Nothing weakens not tunnel by aligning. So farmers produce gets worse and worse because they cant afford to improve anything. That is all about one thing that being cheap or get stuck in this one i meant to get it brought up. The mom in law is likely a victim of this business model. In the summer Time Cleaners are deployed to rid the beaches of audi, but environmental if say, the effect is purely cosmetic pager, lorenzo is afraid that the mom and all is in such a poor state that soon it may be beyond rescue. The war in ukraine has intensified existing pressures on the global food supply. Rising gas prices have led to a decline in fertilizer production, putting more strain on the Agricultural Industry. You can see the trend clearly here since july of 2019 the price of di ammonium phosphate, thats the worlds most widely used phosphorus. Fertilizer has more than tripled, but there are solutions in the United States. Entrepreneurs are coming up with alternative cleaner ways to fertilize the file. Ah, mm. You may think farmers in the United States should be as happy as can be right now. After all, prices for their products are up way up. We to corn soybeans, pigs milk, chicken and kettle, crop farmers, and cattle ranchers get maximum returns this year, financially speaking and had a record here last year and the year before in yield out. So what could possibly be wrong . Lets ask an expert chad heart, Iowa State University professor of economics and agriculture economics. This year will be top because of the supply chain challenges and also with the weather conditions that were thinking. Oh, same thing as im looking down at south america. If you think about the sort of the recipe of what were seeing in agriculture production over the last year or 2 years, ah, we seen significant droughts in both south american here and in the United States of definitely the supply chain challenges are hitting across the board the most problematic supply chain issue for you as the farmers, the severe shortage of fertilizers and a lot of the fertilizer that the globe depends upon comes from russia, bella, bruce, ah, places that, you know, at least the u. S. In europe will no longer buy from so that limits the supply of fertilizer around the world thats creating those supply change l just for producers. Were meeting one of those producers, iowa crop farm, or den. Hence, hes working roughly 700. 00 acres total. This is considered a small for, however, is main challenge this year. Yes. The fertilizer shortage. Definitely volatile times right now. So i would say the, the supply issues are as concerning as the price issue. But those things are very much lengthy as the shortage of fertilizer. Definitely creates more demand for and, and drives that price up. The big concern is, you know, moving forward in the coming years. Is there going to be as, as the situation or a time in which its not just about pain on the high price, but physically getting the fertilizer that, that scares a lot of us. Then just putting soybeans down, now he has dedicated 300. 00 acres for soybeans this year. A while ago we finished planting corn on 400 acres for that he partially used a new product in new and different kind of high tech. Fertilize, still used traditional, the types of traditional fertilizers that weve been utilizing for a long time. I as well as a synthetic nitrogen. But 3 years ago started utilizing a bio biology and the biological microbes, microwaves, as fertilizers from pivot by start off in berkeley, telephone. The companys products are the hot commodity for farmers like den hansen, for other farmers in iowa and across the nation. The massive problems us farmers face in terms of getting their hands on enough, affordable traditional fertilizers have also help this start up in San Francisco tricity, these 3 friends and fellow Stanford University students found the company in 2080. They hoped to create an alternative to industrial synthetic fertilizers, their goal, invent and environmentally friendly or clean energy using more efficient and rely away to fertilize crops. Here is what they came up with. The way that sir nature does it is lightning strikes the ground and we have the nitrogen, the air gets fixed into knox effectively. And the rain captures that knocks as nitrates and rains out of the field. And then what happens then is the grass grows greener. The next couple days after weve containerized that process, i put the lightning in a bottle effectively and connected to solar energy to power it. I can produce those nitrates that go out to the field. Sounds easy enough, but of course its not. Joshua niko and j spend years perfecting their technology and process. Now they think theyre ready to be competitive or making tens of pounds of fertilizer today with our relatively small team, and were scaling of that process rapidly. We want to be making tons of fertilizer next year. At which point well be ready to implement our 1st like commercial scale system, michael hasty runs his family medium, large farm, and 3rd generation this year, fertilizing his crops was a major challenge for him also. So he went back to utilizing the oldest fertilizer of the mom. Maybe in my fathers or my grandfathers generation manure was, was a waste product. You know, when your livestock producers you just wanted to get rid of it. You just go dump it somewhere. Well then that slowly transition to people realize what an asset that was to now its a highly sought after asset. Its even goes to as far where people will put up livestock facilities, whether be hogs or chickens or turkeys or cattle. Just for the only purpose of the manure theyre going to receive from that. So yeah, its, its, its a big commodity these days. Ah, and this is where a percent chris comes in. He calls himself a hobby farm. Hes the owner of what is called a small gentleman for buck sent, which is also an on for laura in manure, in dung, cow, food or whatever else one wants to cult natural fertilizer products i as my business name and i grew up by around here in woodbine, iowa, and i started business salesman newer these days soon christ has his whole family working, answering calls from farmers from all over the country, all asking for his all natural, fertilize, and enhance mixture of regular carpool. With other neutral ingredients, like lime city malls and chips. I think whats, whats happening right now is with this crisis that were having, its an a catapult dis industry. Its gonna be anybody that has any sort of renewable Sustainable Technology is gonna be gang busters. Nearly anybody working in our culture, including local and state governments, and most experts in the u. S. Hope apes and chris is right all agreed and extended even worse, fertilizer crisis is going to hurt everybody all over the gas and oil are certainly not the only Resources Companies are interested in tapping in recent times has been an increasing interest in mining the ocean floor. Lucrative deposits to be fine, there include cobalt, a key component of batteries and magnets, manganese nodules, side of which Copper Nickel and platinum can be extracted are also in high demand for their use in high tech equipment. And thats not all massive full fight deposits of silver is inc, and gold are also targets for mining. The economic potential of the ocean bed is huge. But as reporter emily lester discovered, so is the environmental cost deep down at the bottom of the ocean, a secret race is going on. A race between private companies rushing to secure access to valuable minerals, mining the ocean floors is potentially a multi 1000000000. 00 business. But some think we need to turn our attention to the planet, not profit. What on earth is going on at the bottom of the ocean . And is it too late to stop it . Lets dive in. Millions of tons of valuable Minerals Like manganese, copper, cobalt and nickel, currently sit undisturbed at the bottom of the sea. Theyre valuable because theyre used in electric batteries and our personal devices and Companies Argue will need them if we plan to move away from our dependence on fossil fuels. But not everyone thinks drilling into the ocean floor is a great idea. Scientists are worried that sucking up nodules will disturb habitats and the organisms that live within them. Theyre worried that the pollution will disrupt the ability for sea life to feed, hunt and mate, and could eventually lead to a mass extinction of species. And they believe the consequences of drilling one area was go far and wide. So are these Companies Even allowed to drill . Well, this is where the whole thing gets really interesting. Perhaps. Yeah, gear asi bad. It was attractive to more actors and then i had sent you some ideas that we knew best about the Environmental Impacts and as opposed to what the situation is. Now, back in the 19 seventys and eightys, the u. N. Recognized the ocean would eventually attract the attention of prospectors. So it drafted a document called the Un Convention on the law of the c, which gave guidance on how countries should behave when it came down to the park of the deep sea that sat outside national jurisdiction. And it gave this area a name very imaginatively. It called it the area. It includes large areas of the Pacific Atlantic in indian oceans. The convention was ratified by a number of countries in 1982 who all agreed that the area would be considered the common heritage of all of human kind. This means that technically it belongs to everyone a little over a decade later, an Organization Called the International Seaman authority was created to organize, regulate, and control mineral related activities in the area. They wanted to make sure that any future profit made from mining was shared. But a smaller group, the legal and Technical Commission of the i a say is the one who mixed the final decision when it comes to approving mining applications. Members state submit an application on behalf of their government. But theres a loophole in the convention that allows private companies to do this 2. 08 on enterprise is another private acres. Ready companies parsons can apply for a mighty contract to the ac, provided they have sponsorship from a member state. This is how a Company Registered in canada, a company that used to be known as deep green metals. And now goes by, the Metals Company has been able to lay claim to areas in the pacific ocean, said the marvin, the Metals Company. He has quite a number off Mining Exploration contracts through different sponsoring sites and say, what weve seen is one company essentially gaining rights for a number of reserved areas. In now root the Metals Company asked the i say, to begin drafting regulations, so it can start commercial mining. The deadline is next year and mining could begin as soon as 2024. Even if the regulations arent fully flushed out. Not only are the impacts on the environment, unclear, there are lots of other issues that need a closer look. What we do know is that the contractors must pay the, i say, 500000. 00 for each exploration application. This revenue contribute significantly to the i, essays, operating budget. Another worry is that the Mining Contractors are not subject to international law. Companies like the Metals Company could be able to evade responsibility for any environmental damage they cause. So we, we obviously have in that scenario, the biscuit that a private company can though many have said we should hold off on mining until its impact is better understood. The head of the i essay has played down the criticisms. Hes met regularly with Mining Executives and said the risk has been overstated. I dont see why we need to have this perceived pressure of the i see having to make revenue and inca on this proceed. Pressure to meet the deadline and things like that. You know, we, we shouldnt fall from that trap because otherwise, if we allow these to happen, were just going to make things a lot words, you know, during the whole stop again, you know, in order to really know we may need a bit more time, time to set a comprehensive regulations time to understand the Environmental Impact and time to create balances of powers, so that the deep sea really does benefit. All of human kind. Diamonds may not be every girls, best friends, but they are still one of the most valuable materials in the world. Conventional large scale, diamond mining is extremely damaging to the environment, burning huge quantities of fuel and leaving pitts hundreds of meters deep in the grant. But could there be another way of conjuring the precious stones, the porter offered calamity investing it me, hey, have you heard of this . You can make diamonds out of the greenhouse gas. Carbon dioxide is no joke. You can actually my, me this die well, at least then from Great Britain say so then is this for real . The idea came about thinking about Carbon Capture and realized that we had to lock it into something permanent. And that led me to think of dimes as most part of the form of carbon transforming thin air into sparkling diamonds sound somehow logical. Order h. Ladies and gentlemen, lets make some divers. Dane, its your turn. How does it work . Sir . We capture rain water and we split it to make hydrogen. We, we dont need the oxygen. We capture c o 2. And we feed hydrogen and c o 2 into another machine that makes neat. But its basically the gases that we feed in that super high temperature, which then enables the carbon in the me thing to drop out and form the crystalline structure. Ah, and in 2 weeks you, diamonds are born diamonds are tended of purity. Calling the perfection. Its no but then why should i do all this out to me to get one . Diamond mining is really destructive process to the environment. The holes so big you can see them from orbit mining industry, digs 1100 tons of rock to make that one tiny stone. And that whole process in its enormous amounts of c o 2 and pollutes the environment. Okay, thanks for the listen. Got it. So if im dreaming of having a diamond without damaging the environment, i just talked to my guy what and entertaining fi and flash. And thats all we have time for from this addition is made, its been a pleasure helping you with us. Remember, if youd like to watch back any of the reports on today, so you can do that on d, w dot com slash mates until next time for me and the entire team is device with. Ah, with ah ah, in good shape is going natural. Treating pain with prices, crashes with anxiety advice blowing to a snails pace. Sample treatment method better also incredibly effective in good shape. In 30 minutes on d. W. O. Chronicle of a disaster. August 1 year ago, the totally man advanced into the f. M. Cabin International Troops leave the country, pan over decades of reconstruction were lost. What really happened . A close up in 90 minutes on d w. Oh, hello guys. This is the 77 percent. The platform with issues and share ideas. You know, on this channel we are not afraid to talk to young people clearly have the solution. Good future to the 77 percent. Every weekend on d. W. Departure into the fun no. To day this means flying to a foreign planet. In the 18th century, it meant being a captain and setting sale to discover a route the world famous sea voyage of ferdinand of magellan. Part of a race full power between spain and portugal. A race leads to military interests erased, linked to political and military places that also linked to Main Financial interest and adventure full of hardships, dangers and death. 3 years that would change the world forever. Magellan journey around the world. To start september 7th on d. W. Ah, business d. W. News live from burly win for the trump camp veteran republican list chinese loses in the wyoming primary, one of her parties, few outspoken critics of donald trump loses out to harriet hageman, a supporter of the controversial former president. Also in the program, russia