Ice. Cold passion starts october 8th on d. W. For heating on you even well, you have never seen her around with bizarre creatures that lead on. And in if the pod anybody is an animal is on your face and we dont know very much about it yet. They are affecting us in ways with but now, for the 1st time, we can explore if we got rid of all the microbes on us and inside us, we would die. You in each and everyone is a connection different on your ah, you am lucy . Not you you home to an astounding ray of my phones. 2 some creatures hide inside to bounce. This proceed view from you. I browse very gardens of funky on you feet. Alien tribes inhabit the jungle of your hair. Tiny mites by no means your face. Ah. And you highest more bacteria than there is a way you and to box formally as life. In fact, bugs are us. Where every day these typical family is home to a 100 trillion hitchhikers on their skin, and inside their body. These invisible colonizers keep them healthy. Sometimes make them l i the harvest and even influenced their behavior. Stop fighting yet until recently we understood very little about how microscopic residence gems have a bad reputation. We think of them as the cause of disease, but paradoxically, we couldnt survive without them. Bacteria are bad, their cans are bad, all this stuff growing on me as bad. But just new kid the majority of those organisms actually good for us. They are assisting us. Theyre not our enemies. Obsession with bad bugs. Left us blind to the good. But now genetic tools allow us to see what weve been missing. Molecular tools, sequencing dna, have allowed us to get a true picture of what organisms are there. And as a far richer picture, than we had previously appreciated, fire altering microorganisms by decoding the genes of these microscopic creatures. We can reveal a new microbial world. The genetic tools are kind of like the new telescope. Think of it as a geographer. That might have just been studying the fields around neu, their whole korea. And then somebody says, oh, by the way, we just discovered the americas and australia and nobody ever heard of it before. For the 1st time, we can see the, my groups that live on us and inside us its been like a gold rush at the moment. It really is a very, its rolling the bag. Scientists have embarked on a journey into the unexplored world of our own body. They are discovering how we are all shaped and kept alive by the bugs that live on us. Does the crust covers planet. The skin covers the body and impermeable barrier between us and invading gen. Wow. But we only realize just how important it is when its compromised. I see peoples lives changed in an instant on a daily basis. The owner would is a world leading burn specialist. Her struggle to save lives is all about beating pathogens the microbes that cause infections. We have bacteria and pathogens all of his all the time. When you have a breeching, you skin, theres a way in. And that way in is going to be there until we seal the wind. So the longer the wound is it is open, the greater the risk of getting infected. So what we want to do is close that surface, seal the surface of the wind as quickly as possible, while the ways of infection keep coming over. If you waterproof, you will survive. And central to that survival is the layer of my groups that live on our skin, like the atmosphere that protects our planet, al microbes for me, shield against alien invaders. If some pathogen arrives on your skin, its not your immune system that rises up to greet it. The 1st thing that greets it is this microbial layer and this, this harry, invisible cloak. But were to these spots come from lies in the new mm. Is that the baby, the womb is a solitary wealth. But outside, with an army of microbes, awaits its arrival. Ah, me, youre born your colonized of your mothers microbes. Until then you can be called a 100 percent human. But after that moment, youre really just 10 percent human 90 percent micros, which is a scientist is very, very exciting. But as a parent is terrifying, ah oh. Towards the end of pregnancy, the bacteria that live in the mothers got my great, the vagina ready for the baby to pick them up as it slides through the birth canal. With her being coveting paternal microbes may not seeing much of the treat, but its a gift that last the lifetime. These bags not only protect us from infections, theyre essential for our overall health. They also have an Important Role in regulating the immune system. The immune system never rests itself constantly patrol bodies to eliminate pathogens, but is palla can also be dangerous. It can potentially damage your own tissues, and therefore it must be controlled. It must be turned down, it must be regulated. The immune system has an internal police force keeping it under constant surveillance. If you dont have a properly regulated immune system, it becomes trigger happy. Its attacking peoples brains is attacking peoples joints and giving them arthritis, or its attacking the contents of the gas. And then you have inflammatory bowel disease or its attacking trivial quantities of pollen, all dog dandruff or whatever in the air. And that gives you allergic airway disorders. And what keeps our immune system in chick is on my gripes. So that if you have that organism in the god, you have mo, mo, policemen, more regulation, more control of the immune system. So it doesnt get trigger happy and do crazy things. The supply of these microbial regulators doesnt stop at beth. The mother continues to deliver hundreds of species of bacteria in her breast milk. And its only very recently that its become clear that brush not comes with a hoarse way of microbes that have moved up through the mothers body through the lamb into the mill. And come as part of what, what goes into the baby with the breast milk. Breastmilk also contains sugars that the infant cant digest. These are like fertilizer for the babys rapidly developing got flora num breastmilk becomes, is really amazing example of the way in which our bodies actually evolved to help these microbes to the next generation. By the time a child is 2 and a half, it will develop a fully mature microscopic community. Collectively, then owners, im micro biome. There is much a part of us as any of our own organs. Every one of us is a finely tuned society of many different life forms, relying on one another for survival, obeirne, just beginning to discover new species. In the most unexpected places. This little bug could determine your health ah, spectacular. Between the mystery. But we know much about the body parts of the body, elite others. I tried some a hot dye and exposed to light clearer wound of different climates. Ah ah, and just as soon on the human body to life adapts to the environment. I started working Tropical Forests and every process i could study and Tropical Forest is happening in my body in your body. Right . Ah, yes, species that are plants get species that eat those plants and you have species that those species youre species that are predators. Yes, fishes, that are parasites, theres active competition just the way the tree roots grow against tree roots or ant colonies grow against colonies. That same thing is happening. Ah, not didnt background inequality. Repeat him well for an explanation of the want. A damn pit armpits. This weird thing, so why does it have hair . Why does it smell funny when an earth is going on with that is its a pretty specialized environment. It has high humidity levels and theres human apron, glands, and these are glands that dont really produce sweat. They produce what i and other people think. Its actually a food for microbes. It is an odorless food and is released an incredible density out of your arm. Pet armpits in and of themselves. Have no order. Your hair has no order. Most your body is no ord odor. Those orders are all microbial bacteria thrive on the test creation released by r 8, the green gland. But they arent active until we wake puberty. Which is why babies smell fleet. Teenagers done. The wiley, cleaning my quote in our own pits we have here we have parts of answers and others, fishy beamers of the same glands that kind of go across the chest. And in that case, the lemur seem to use them for identifying each other. Are you my cousin or not my cousin buddy, or to help the lima to determine if a prospective partner is too closely related . Sexual attraction is literally about chemistry. Other mammals dont had their glands in their own pace around their amos and sexual and it looks like as we started to stand up more and as we interacted with each other like this, that if we were going to sniff each other, the hair and the smell had to move off many on pits, have a major influence on how we date and mate. Its much as muscles or became east that brings men and women together. Its the smell about personal. Wow. Bacteria strive in every nook and cranny of your body. And one of the richest ecosystems is your navel. Its a tiny crater, the scar that we carry through life. And we barely give a thought to it. But the scientists at the North Carolina museum of natural sciences. The naval is a place of infinite mystery. This is the home of the belly button bio diversity project. Hundreds of volunteers have been recruited to toil a cotton swab in their belly button to help to find new species. By the power of our Research Come from the fact that it will be able to sample so many different citizens as scientists. And you kind of cant harness that power unless people are engaged in the project. Welcome to the daily planet theater. This ryan mellow glo bills himself is a microbiology comedian. Well be talking about some Citizen Science projects and about the light that lives on us will be talking about tiny life, which is really fascinating and Infectious Disease walked into a bar. The bartender says, we dont serve Infectious Diseases, this bar, the Infectious Disease as well. Youre not a very good host. I can make you laugh. Maybe thatll make you more open mind into the subject, and maybe dont make it more memorable. And we want you to take the thrive and be really careful. Im just listen to that lift that is nice and good and micros out as well. Thats happening. You actually get individual living organisms on the belly button is calling with life is protected from the Chemical Warfare of soap. And its usually covered up from the ravages of wither only with which makes it a prime can. And the discovery of new species for one person was carrying a form of a cake life only ever seen before in the most extreme environment on a in deep ocean. Whats interesting is that if we look at bacterial diversity in the human belly button, we have a huge amount of variations. You know, among 60 individuals, there was not one species of bacteria that was found in all 60 of those individuals. Like how, with no patterns, fingerprints and the dna. The wildlife in our belly button is unique. Its al microbial signature. But its in a constant state of flux. The places we gung, the food we eat, the paper mummy. They own effect on micro veal jungle. So far, the North Carolina team has identified 2300 bacteria. Is that 4 times the diversity of all bird species in north america. And this abundant tavis has come from just 60 belly buttons. Some people have hundreds of species living in their belly button. Some people have as few as sick species living on their belly button and having fewer species on is associated with poor health outcomes. Just as we need bio diversity to support life owners, we need a variety of micro organisms to god the health of our human. He crises, timms on each square centimeter uschi. Theyre moving a 1000000000 bacteria for them. Its a land of abundant. Plenty of seats. Nice. You see booty, 1040000 dead skin cells. Our. Thats 2 kilograms in a year. Part of what theyre consuming is our dead skin are dead bits. And so theres some decomposition happening there. Theyre, theyre at war with each other. And so even our good bacteria are actively fighting each other, producing antibiotics. Theyre all trying to win. None of them want to just be confined or armpit right each and every species. They would all benefit if they could colonize us from head to toe. One of our microscopic residents engaged in Chemical Warfare is bacillus septimus. They petrol a skin looking to funky to attack without in, wed wake up coffee taking mold out of my clients. Like statler caucus epidermis, colonize our skin in numbers so vast that there is little room for invading rivals. But the true power bacteria comes when they act together. And this coordination requires a special language. Their genes are encoding proteins that are allowing them to talk with each other and to detect each other and to control each others growth and basically to allow other bacteria that are more beneficial or less competitive with them, you know, to grow in greater abundance. By tapping into a cell to cell network, microbes conspire with their own species and build alliances without the bacteria to outsmart invaders. Bacteria, the most successful organisms on earth. And part of their success is that theyre able to steal the genes they need to adapt and thrive. Theyre able to change their genome very easily. And so this is why its really important to say the bacteria that grow on and with us and in us to understand in a sense like what is the stable state. Because when a pathogen emerges, its often, you know, one of these typical bacteria that have co love with us and have been not a ha one until who they picked out. Something, perhaps virus friend from another bacterium who knows what. And now they just changed the game. This genetic flexibility can transform how harmless microbes from dose ill skin graces them to vicious killers. I suddenly felt very ill. And i went to the, the gentlemans toilet. And basically i collapsed on the floor. But how can a tiny bacteria destroy a healthy body in just a few hours . For andrew ferguson, a visit to an alpine resort, became a life and death struggle with a rogue pathogen, vomiting and a blood coming out of my mouth in i was in all sorts of strange places on arrival and who had increasingly a midnight l pool. Completely unaware that a mask infect, you hadnt waited until his body the bug was trip b bug actually got in through a couch on the leg. And i was having a raw gores attack were effectually where the body gets overwhelmed by bugs. And you go into a constant shaking and i ended up pat darmesh cotton cation hospital. Over the next 12 hours, i must have had every test known to man. They just didnt know what the problem was. Eventually, after taking blood couches, they discovered that i had a structure called b infection. And then over a period of 3 days, i was given increasing dosages of different types of penicillin. But nothing was working. Its like being in a canoe and going down the Niagara River if were in it early enough, someone can rescue us. But if were far enough down that river, eventually nothing is going to help us. And unfortunately, thats the situation we have with these invasive infections, where at the very last moment we have to get a surgeon to get in and remove that destroyed tissue. The surgeon said, were probably gonna have to advertise the leg. The infection is spreading in the main r 3, and if we dont get it, its going to go to your heart and you will be dead. I remember saying to the surgeon as i went into that operating theatre i can do without a leg, but i certainly cant do without my life. Flesh eating disease is an infection that literally eats way through the layers of tissue that surrounds the muscles. And its fast, he can cause death within 12 hours, it can spread amazingly quickly. Sometimes we can even see it before our very eyes. This bug needs serious vigilance. 160000 people are killed worldwide by this bacterial on the slow it. Every year. I still have my leg, im, as you will see on actually still have it the aftermath of all of this is a, i have to take care penicillin twice a day. And that has its implications as well. Because unfortunately, over use of penicillin tends to cause some killing off the good bugs that sit in the gut. And then i, i ended up with other complications as a result of that. These are dreadful infections to go from a perfectly healthy person, one day to dying, or only being saved by very aggressive surgery is an indication of these bacterias are potential for harm to us. But what could turn straight to cookies usually no more dangerous than a sore throat. Into such an aggressive killer. Micro biologist, professor mac walker, was intrigued by the mystery. It was quite a surprise that being quite light levels of very advise of diseases caused by this bug. With some ingenious genetic detective work, professor woke, attract the origin of the deadly disease in the art midnight ideas in the Rocky Mountain region of the us. There was an output echoes, some flesh eating disease, caused by stripped a caucus. This outbreak was investigated and what was found, was it a new group . I struck the caucus had come on to the say, which was more virulent and better able to cause advise of disease. This virulence was caused by a virus called bacteria sash, which invaded the strength and modified its dna. It inserts its Genetic Information into the bacteria and thats the re programming that takes place when a bacteria fire infects a bacteria. Luckily, the chance of catching such serious invasive infection is still small. Usually where able to live with these bacteria within out thrives for on our skin without getting disease. So people should not a are freaked out on the next time i have a sore throat because thats just a normal event. And our immune system is liable to deal with a very adequately blue. Ready ready most of the wildlife on our bodies is hum, asked if we might be horrified to discover what they get up to. Meet the tiny parasitic mighty god dammit x. Me. He takes up residence in your eyelashes borrowing head 1st into your paws. There are these long sort of narrow things they come out at night when youre sleeping. Come out on your face and have saxon and crawl back into the pores. Its an animal, its on your face, and we dont know very much about it that thats enough for me. Rob dunns mitchell might protect is trying to shed light on one of our most overlooked hangs on. We can ask questions like how the might in one human population relate to those another human population. Pacific islanders, they have different might species as a function of the relatively long isolation from, from other peoples, ah, Aboriginal Peoples of australia. What did their mites look like . How these might change does our faces have changed . Its super exciting. People get to see whether or not they have minds. People get to see what their look like. What take a glass of eye because were going to try to get in here or tease on one of your live in the mites offering. Well, you know, i dont think so because i think they like to cling to stephens either words on, on your feet. Its always good to know theyre clinging directly on. I think they like to live in the well, in the basic plan. I just feel like a good oil out here. Come and get a the eat boil from our pores. You probably also eat microbes. They probably have a pretty specific suite of microbes in their guts, which are sort of just, you know, little hints about whats going on there. As it turned out, bryans face might have made a significant contribution to science. This is the 1st time might have been in the field, giving that they to pull it up my fit. Wow. To my the truth is, is youre not really separate from these critters like who you are as defined by your interactions with other speech. What would we be without them yet . What will we be without them and who are we when we have bad species . And so for example, to take a really extreme example i talk to applies megan, the i see is this protest that gets into the brain. And when it gets new, our brain, it changes what happens in our brain. Talks of plasma. Gandhi, i was a cunning parasite. Its a real life, some be bug, and its on masking. Is one of the strangest stories in science ah, newly self respecting malice, skis . Well clear, if anything, mills like a cat. But the mice infected with a zombie. Bog cats on like a magnet mice pick up talks of plasma from soil, but to reproduce. The parasite has to find its way into the intestines of a cat. And the best way to meet up with a cat is to alter the mouses natural fear and make feelings fatally attractive. Ah, the brain was right, it is now easy prey. But it took the plasma, but the real winner here. Once inside, the cat, he can reproduce ah, the trail at the zombie bug lead to prague and one of the worlds oldest university. Professor yars laugh leger is a renowned specialist in the study of parasites. By a complete coincidence, just as he was looking for a new subject to study, he was tested for talks of plasma and the result was positive. I was not very happy to be infected by some are as i am, but so in the same time it was very you interest think, i mean, this idea that it can explain of some behavioral pattern of me. Normally, flacco is a cautious person, but he began to exhibit some very risky, hammonds, not unlike a mouse who is attracted to cats. For example, im not to worry a frightened situation when i should be afraid. Its so maurice strange behavior. And as for example, i was in kristen and there was a lot of shooting around and i was quite calm and its not the only situation or so my startle reactions are. Little bit unusual when somebody who hated the horn, behind me in some traffic, i stay in the same place to look slowly behind what woods as happened before flag. No one is a source of linking Human Behavior to talk to plasma infections. And if like his hunch was right, it was messing with the brains of many other people as well. I started to study this, i foresee this on the cheapest material, which is available here. I mean, on our students and 25 percent of them locks obama infected. These studies show that those infected by the zombie bug was far more likely to put themselves in risky situations. The risk of Traffic Accident off of supplies, mountain infected subjects, is about 2. 00 time higher than the risk of Traffic Accidental non infected. The implications of this discovery are unsettling. Toxic plasma is one of the most common human parasites. He used to sing, thats our mind, this really our but our results show that maybe its not through we can be infected by eating unwashed vegetables and under cook me. Sure. Never. In some countries its relevant. In france, we barely complete his popular infection. Rates are as high as 55 percent of the population. So the next time you need a reckless french driver, the where it may be is only bug behind the wheel. Ah, the here on your head is the equivalent of a rang forest shaded moist and rich in nutrients. Its the home for an annoying little creature. The hit house. There are really interesting evolutionary stories going on on our bodies. And so, hair wise, in that regard, are fastener in head lice and leaving fossils. They are the ultimate survival machines. Lice approach that they appeared on a some way in the region off 815230 1000000 years ago. This means that they predate the great extinction event that killed off dinosaurs and live down to 75 percent of all species at londons Natural History museum. Doctor Vincent Smith takes a special interest in these blood sucking parasites there about 5000. 00 species of life in total. This one here is a human head louse. This is a female, is highly adapted to living on humans. So they have the thick, sharp claws, and a groove under the louse where the hair sits to the vacant, clean own lice must lives on the host if they follows. Thats it. Theyre dead. Right at the front is the mouth where tiny shop keeps jess out. They find a blood vessel and they feed on the blood. Yet, despite these advanced features, lice can walk, call, or fly. They leave flowing lives until we come together. When everybody wants meet lice, dont miss the opportunity to jump ship. One of the reasons why light spread particularly quickly and Young Children is because many of the social barriers that we would normally have as adults dont exist in young kids. Youll see them touching, hugging each other all the time. And that is a perfect medium for the transfer of life. In a school wound, head lice can pass over several heads within a now. For head lice can be really difficult to get rid of. Almost none of the traditional insect a science will work and you have to use other means usually physical means simply to get rid of allies, but lice, and more than just in the rotation. Theyve changed us in fundamental ways. One of the striking teeth is about the human body is its hairless. So was an evolutionary breakthrough, a warm hug on a cold day that allowed mammals to Living Conditions to hostile reptiles and beds. And once he revolved a 120000000 years ago, he was really na, st. Yet we ended up virtually, hence why some people think that it saw a, it was actually to help ah, lose our lousy infestation. So there were few extra parasites lice and please novel things because they call it and he cling to a naked skin. A fairy coat is a safe haven to takes. Lice plays and other bloodsuckers. And in not only annoying, but some of them can carry lethal diseases, weiss and poison and their can, that they dont kill us and enough themselves. But because most detector parasites take our blood, the also have the capability of transmitting disease. And so that those individuals who had less fir, were actually at a reduced risk of disease from these actor parasites. Carelessness was an attractive sign of good health, just like the bright image that is an advertisement for being free of parasites. It was faded by sexual selection and they seem to like that to make a change down to the next generation. And ever since we become obsessed with removing we spend billions annually on razor blades and getting waxed for some parts of our body. I, harry, this puzzled professor, robin weiss at University College london. Why the we have cubic hair, my guess, and this is just hand waving, is the pubic hair, isnt just the remnants of when we were fermi. Could pubic hair, if evolved, then to indicate that mating, could be fruitful. The clue to this puzzle if those pesky parasites lies with it was assumed. The pubic lies were a close relative of headlines, which makes sense if they both came from the time when we were fairy all over. But on closer examination, the 2 couldnt be more different than the crab. The saw perfect eyes have these great big calls to class round course hes. They couldnt live on our head, which means we got them and pubic hair after we lost our closest known relative to the human cubic laos, is the gorilla hair loss. Guerrillas have call hair, and those lie, so of any already adapted to live on coals, hair like pubic hair, should they get across to humans. And so it looks as though around 8000000 years ago, an ancestor of modern gorillas and, and one of our ancestors came close enough to exchange life. That must have been some close physical contact for us to have quiet that louse. What happened in that moment . Only the only the girl ancestor nor ancestor . No. I suspect it was, it was a little bit tawdry. I mean, the suggestion is it was sexual one things vishal, one way or another. We got crabs from them since then. Genital nice and traveled the world with us. But now in 1987, 7, brazilian women, the picky assist is open. The j says to sound to us what they had done. The brazilian wax the complete removal of hair from the pubic area in only a few years. This form of waxing has gone from needs arctic to the every day. It went like a long way people coming from television from all over. They want to know what is this . Its the most successful innovation in hating since the permanent wave. But this addiction to the brazilian is actually threatening pubic life with extinction. You take away their habitat and they can crawl on, but they cant hold out. I feel very proud of our south that they might be extinct. Its ugly, its ugly. Imagine a whole suite of species like this, but that were used to holding on to us. And then as our, as our hair fell away, they lost their habitat. We saw t listening to wed ourselves a parasite, exposing our dark skin to the african sun. But as we ventured to cooler climates, asking became we are these differences in asking come to our interaction with the bugs that meet on us. These are very fundamental aspects of what it is to be us that are plausibly linked to this little organisms that crawl around on her skin and hang on to our firm. We are not alone. Bugs have been constant companions. Hidden force behind your health and even your bag whatever you are, you owed to them. My credits have been the making us with a chronicle of a skin documentary and anti semitism. This she, its world Art Exhibition and cause it wanted to promote understanding what it was overshadowed by a bitter dispute over anti semitic imagery and art corpse. The documentary scandal close up in 30 minutes on d. W. What of these mountains of waste could just disappear . Sustainable packaging is urgently sought bags made from algae, home, from mushrooms, the future of sustainability. When will new technologies become Cost Effective . Made in germany . 90 minutes on d. W. Law has no limit. No love is for everybody. Love is live with love matters and thats my new podcast. Im abilene shy, mom and i really think we need to talk about all the topics that more survive and denied that. And this i have invited many deer and well known gas. And i would like to invite you to an end ah, this is the w news live from berlin, b e u agrees. Fresh sanctions against russia operates illegal annexations in ukraine. Brothels is promising a tough response with plans penalties for moscow to include a price cap on russian oil cloth