A plant in growing demand due to its sweet tasting leaves. At abilene, i end up having like a long time ago, steve, you go wild here, but not in the norm on them. Ive never seen it myself, but my mother told me where it used to grow and in like theyre like, well with that. Along with other medicinal herbs. Stevie, i used to grow wild on the other side of this fence. The plant was native here. Today this is past your land used for grazing livestock. The diversity of native flora has deteriorated, and others are profiting from indigenous inhabitants. Ancient knowledge. Ah anesthesia valley. It is a member of the pie to have veto, and Indigenous People in northeastern paraguay. Shes from each vasu, a small reservation, close to the brazilian border. The people here live from their own small holdings, or from jobs on large scale farms in the vicinity. The pi maintain a traditional way of life that is under acute threat. Anastasia, berlin, to gathers and sells medicinal plants. Her mother and grandmother taught her the properties and benefits of endemic herbs and roots. The pi to v tara have a wealth of knowledge about medicinal plants. Its the women who preserve this knowledge and pass it on to future generations. Luis, are se stops by for a cup of mighty. Hes the leader of the 500. 00 strong reservation. Centuries ago, the pi discovered a sweet taste of steel leaves and began using the plant both as a food additive and 4 rituals. But luis and anastasia drink their mighty tea unsweetened, as wild stevio is now virtually extinct in paraguay. The pi people and their traditional Herb Remedies are being squeezed out by the farming industry. Their knowledge of stevie as sweetening properties was appropriated earlier law group thought for good a ha. Will it was taken away from us to other countries without our consent, that we do not get b, y b a ha, we respect this dba and are the guardians of our plan. Ive already ordered. We want to preserve our dba, and hope will be able to start farming it again here in your got biological. Good, good. Are you why . Well, my lab there are around 15000 pi to ve terra. And while they have little land or income to live off to day, Global Enterprises have capitalized on stevie us sweep benefits. Its a classic case of bio piracy. Many brands of soft drinks, candy and chocolate contain stevio, or to be more precise. The chemical compounds that give the plant its sweet, tasty, stevio glycol sites. The recent stevio is so special is that its leaf extracts are up to 300. 00 times sweeter than table sugar and contains 0 calories. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, the growing debate over a sugar tax and the negative aspects of artificial sweeteners, stevio has become a Global Business for the food industry. World wide. The market for stevie based sweeteners is worth around 500000000. 00. Thats predicted to almost double by 2028, with an annual growth rate of almost 9 percent wealth that the pi to vitro are not party to others are making money from their traditional insights about this natural resource. The pi, however, are an urgent need, a financial means to protect their land and local biodiversity. The reservation is surrounded by an expanding array of cattle ranches and soy and eucalyptus mont cultures. Ah, and while the Government Supports the big commercial farms, the pi face intimidation and threats you got on the little green on the farm workers shoot at us, which is why we no longer have access to the resources that used to belong to. I was up with where did i google but luis, our se, and his community are fighting back together with activists high to veteran people in paraguay and brazil are trying to claim at least a small share of the stevie market. What they want is compensation. The restoration of their land and the preservation of stevie in the few places. Its still grows wild. Its a trying and time consuming undertaking. Not made easier by the individual communities living far apart from each other. But theres a crucial step on the horizon for the pie roll it all. In paraguay, the stevie a business seems to have lost relevance these days. The cultivation here is minimal. Todays major producer nations, such as china and the u. S. Have taken possession of the commodity with corporations caching in on its beneficial properties. They simply grow stevie themselves leaving the indigenous communities empty handed. The government, in essence yawn, has an at best half hearted commitment to the interests and concerns of the pi. Agronomist miguel vera finds that unacceptable. Hes been campaigning in support of the demands of Indigenous People for years. This is a steady plant. Hes growing in his garden. They can actually just take a leave and eat it. Theres candy is delicious. Miguel vera is all too familiar with how the story turns sour. It began when a swiss botanist introduced the plant to europe in the 19th century. Although it wasnt until the 1970s that western researchers became interested in stevie as potential. They actually are relied on the traditional knowledge of the bank with the people who bought a need living there to show them where the plants were. They took her basically with no consent ah, of the point that we thought thats the 1st thing. Thats the 1st act of buy a piracy fight that they didnt consulted with them constituted by piracy bio. Piracy refers to the appropriation of Genetic Resources and knowledge about them without asking for consent or offering anything in return. It might rarely be in the headlines in the western world, but bio piracy is a wide spread phenomenon. The areas most typically targeted by bio pirates are those with a rich biodiversity located primarily in the southern hemisphere. Many of them are in the amazon region. India. And the cape of south africa the Genetic Resources from such regions covered not just plants like stevio, but also animals and micro organisms, all of which have enormous potential for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. And its precisely in these regions where biodiversity is frequently under threat and in particular need a protection. Miguel vera is on his way to the earth market and assumes john using traditional insights about medicinal plans, enables researchers and corporations to save a lot of time and money in their quest for now. Active and profitable ingredients begin. Rivera knows that the potential is far from exhausted. His native paraguay is a treasure trove. For big pharma. There is a lot of value still. They have many, many options in the paraguayan pharmaca pier. Traditional from a copier to treat many ailments. Absolutely, and many are being already in use under exploitation, as we speak. Many of them are, have been, i think that by international or translational corporations. Historically speaking, there has generally been a free for all our Natural Resources to curtail that practice, the International Community have introduced a range of conventions. The extensible aim of these conventions is to prevent bio piracy and protect species diversity from further damage. One of these agreements is the Nagoya Protocol coming into force in 2014. This requires countries and companies and seeking to make use of a Genetic Resource or associated knowledge to pay fair compensation. Its a principle known as access and benefit sharing it in visitors, users and providers of a particular resource, negotiating the form and amount of compensation instead of money. For example, users can provide compensation in the form of conservation projects. So with the Legal Framework in place, why does bio piracy continue to be so wide spread the Botanical Gardens of the university of zurich, a favorite haunt of vasqua, my. And that he dedicated years of research to the issue of bio piracy while working for the n g o public eye. And says the International Agreements are actually construed in a way that favors industrialized nations in all parties that were in europe. They say, im only obliged to abide by the Nagoya Protocol. If i go to the country of origin after it came into force and extracted through the resources there was done. Nor you. Dear thor, sir, the old householder, the lender, the students in the perfume the countries in the south have a very different interpretation yeardley here, nor you. They say, no. The rules must apply to any new use to handle these. And thats a massive difference with you with ox, your knee thought the says there i dont need to ask, are compensate anyway often or can use it as i like without hoping to conserve biodiversity, avo them on these are legal, fought if you go by that rule done, there will only be a minimal amount of benefits sharing, meaning and a minimal amount of compensation. Our life is not in ski, if we follow the rules, the se, for there would be a genuine florida compensation of silicon. One reason for that disparity is that the neglect protocol was drafted by only a handful of states in the northern hemisphere. And a raft of nations have yet to even become party to the agreement. But ultimately, the sustainable benefits of biodiversity should be a concern for all of us. The sprint in the fall, latoya take take pharmaceutical lesson the ski medication, but also cosmetic psalm and foodstuffs for pesticides. And even enzyme has been used by the modern Chemical Industry home. Pretty much everything wasnt our day, our lives depend on biodiversity. If i click on the beauty rosie taxi plate. Mm hm. A look around. Western supermarkets reveals counter products that contain Genetic Resources originating in the southern hemisphere. In addition to studia, theres roy boss, t, as well as chewing gum, and gummy bears coded in car. Now by wax from brazil by all these, it will die. Diversity plays a role in all of these products, told us as access to these Genetic Resources and therefore also financial redress like solomon few consumers know that roy boss t is another case of bio piracy. Royball originally comes from the cedar berg mountains of south africa. The relatively arid north west of the country is the sole natural source of the plant and is still the only place world wide where it is commercially grown. The principal harvest time is between january and april. After being harvested by hand, the bushes are then crushed and machines and spread out to dry. The subsequent fermentation gives the otherwise green plant, its trademark color and name. Red bush. Roy boss is now a major industry. South africa has around 300. 00 large scale farms producing 20000. 00 tons of the crop a year. South africa exports around 7000. 00 tons of roy, boston year to over 60 countries. The biggest roy, both consumers are japan, germany and the netherlands, followed by britain and the united states. A Global Business quit when it comes to those who 1st turn the dry looking bushes into a healthy cup of tea. The story is similar to the pie in parrot white. The people who originally discovered the benefits of roy boss were bypassed a valley past takes us to small settlement outside the town of woburn, tall in the heart of the cedar burg mountains. Baron selim o is a small holder and the chairman of the warburton original roy boss cooperative bond and his fellow farmer, amelia cook. Mon, are descendants of the coin and sun. The indigenous inhabitants of south africa. They both grew up with wild roy boss in their local area, cut, crushed, and fermented by hand. Traditional knowledge passed on to them by their parents and grandparents. Group osteen. Yes, the clinic. I some boy was this 1st and foremost good for mothers who have no milk. Well, its also good against eczema, but if its you, but you do you model, you grind it down to fine powder. Yeah. And mix it with vaseline, isnt it . Oh, those have admitted when we dont have vacillation, you will use to use animal fat. Mike, youd enjoy most the id would evoke brittany use merit on babys bottoms to remove the rat out as a focus that new my su b. Shes proud of the original roy boss as its grown here in the area around what britain also voice we award last grows and a natural environment. He mcalisio mother and no chemicals a just that nature. And indeed, we both plaza. You have a range of wonderful medicinal herbs growing around the roy boss, ivona look, which is also what makes it special that this value for sco big to the policy. Is that a living bar and, and amelia se . Industrial producers used the Warburton Roy boss to give their commercial products a more intense color. Its an industry that flourished thanks to knowledge of native peoples, but their descendants didnt benefit from its lucrative development. Laurent and his fellow campaigner, is decided to fight for compensation for the knowledge that has been appropriated from them. As with the pie to the tara in paraguay, the descendants of the coy san peoples have been largely rendered. Landless unemployment is high, particularly among young people. Colonial rule and the Apartheid Regime stripped the coin and some of their native lands. Commercial farms remain largely in white hands, barren, solomon and other small scale Farmers Market their original roy boss as a fair trade product via their cooperative, a vital source of income. But their acreage and market share are too small for them to survive. Ah. When International Conglomerate nestle patented its own roy bones, products in 2012 local small holders, sued for compensation. In 2015, a report published by the south African Environment Ministry acknowledged the course on intellectual property rights. A decisive step forward. I put it, this is america live happened because we were not aware of that. Because the, the neglect protocol and all the policies that, that viewed the of the powers for us to negotiate. We were not aware of that in the industry at that time. They, they say no, there is no way that the coin, the son can be that, that additional lot. He told us of this blunt, unless they do with the evidence they will consider a, talking about the excellent benefit sharing. My recommendation is clear, dont fight verbally. Put this on paper, that is a strong evidence that you do have the traditional knowledge of a certain plunked. And that perseverance paid off, borrowed solomon was present at the signing of an access and benefit agreement with the South African boy boss industry in 2019. With today, we are writing a historic wrong wrong that began almost 500 years ago. The agreement committed one and a half percent of the robust industrys annual market value, almost 700000 euros to a fund for the course on. But progress remained slow by the start of 2022. The Indigenous Peoples had yet to receive any money with payments held up by red tape and industry as so often being in a more powerful position. But baron remains optimistic about Getting Compensation soon, which would enable him in his community to win back. Talking about our ancestors. That is all the teachers. Oh, how the plan behave, you accordingly, you just dont cut because it is, it is i was time. See that you cut it in a sustainable way. If you dont do it in a sustainable way. That means you dont think about generations to come access and benefits sharing was agreed to in south africa. Could something similar be possible in paraguay with the stevie industry, be willing to come to an arrangement with the indigenous pie to v tara. And if not, what reservations do companies have . We approached a number of manufacturers and other beneficiaries of studia derived products. None agree to an interview to the International Stevie a council, a Global Trade Association bonded by e mail me the i s c and its members at here to international and domestic rules and regulations. And as such, adhered to the Nagoya Protocol and the convention on biological diversity as applicable and swiss based multinational nestle wrote access and benefits sharing and biodiversity is an important issue for us. We have also had Constructive Communications with the n g o public eye on for example, the subject of steve via these kinds of statements lease was swan my and back unimpressed as 1st name or it was so i am always annoyed when companies weve tried to find solutions, which is the stress that theyve been talking to and jose done unfold. Ya, v. Hobbin. Yeah, well, that might be true if walk. The vital point is whether theyre prepared to put that solution and practice and jayden is up, see because i didnt lose them on as its the either give log. The only thing that matters is if the switch do i follow up on the principle and pay compensation for even in cases where it might not be required by local i q mass not synonymous, or do i just pay back nothing . No, wendy, clearly. Or the tale even need to select some firms are already taking action. Among them denita, a supplier of Natural Cosmetics and medicinal products. The swiss, headquartered multinational firm, also imports Natural Resources from southern hemisphere, countries such as carnival wax from brazil, and rotten any route from peru for a net people read us. The principle of benefits sharing is an integral part of her companys philosophy. Really does need him accessing benefit data, well comes access and benefit sharon, especially in these times of species extinction. Kristen garcia den, inside our company uses a wide range of plant based, Raw Materials and even so were dependent on the preservation and protection of biodiversity. These and thus beauty visited items like google shoots to with the leader performs its benefits, sharing as payments and support for projects on the ground. More the exception than the rule for her name, mrs. Quality, its relatively calling for a company, linda, 1st because of the different interpretations of the Nagoya Protocol from one country to the next. This high stuff. And so what applies in brazil is completely different to india on death and for a global enterprise. Interpreting the situation correctly mean that getting legal advice in each country land so that we comply with the respective requirement by the not always legal. So ill soon so for companies, the negotiations and the complicated legal situation cost time as well as financial and human resources. Its been the sneak in the island and its a question of owning up to responsibility. Theres a given take like an a partnership this year, which is the principle of the Nagoya Protocol in size and all you pay compensation for taking knowledge implants from somewhere and generating innovations through research and Development Data skin elliott doesnt get its are being made here without incorporating people and nature at the point of origin only, and thats not fair, even if the ty leaked on and thus as an escalator, ah, a simplified system of compensation instead of protracted negotiations, could be one solution for preventing bio piracy and making the process easier for companies at the same time, false while my and back is confident, our collective awareness will change. Its been musical. Does matoney and pollyanna, and im positive of that a few years from now with people will be talking about bio pirates like they do today about climate offenders that when you are poor with yet, well meet the over time in society will become less tolerant. Companies making profit, swan while giving nothing in return. When we often shout, its under more cases we have where we can show that the money flowing back benefits conservation or the traditional commodities affected. And then the pressure will continue to grow level in mustang paraguay. November 2021 luis. Our sir is hosting a special gathering of pi to v to our communities are under his chairmanship. The various representatives have come together to finally speak with the unified voice by signing a joint statement, listing their demands our. Its a historic moment for the pilot bottle and an important document that louise and other campaigners had been working towards since 2016. The document includes unequivocal proof of the high ted altar as ownership of traditional knowledge of studia and colds on the International Stevie industry to finally provide compensation for that intellectual property. The pies ultimate objective, is to buy land in order to secure their future. And that of their plants. The last stevie are still growing wild. There we are after debating the various arguments, the Conference Participants vote on the different formulations. Several hours after the meeting began. Its close to sundown, as luis are safe, finally becomes the 1st to sign the protocol. The next step for the pie to veteran is to take the document with its demands to the studia industry. Luis, our se is tired, but content to auto. Weve come to an agreement among ourselves so that hopefully theyll finally recognize our rights of now that weve signed this protocol, audio dolls, dba is not just any other wild plans. It belongs to our ancestors. And as part of our culture out, it, it go to call, got a lot of the representatives resigned to prayer, to round off the extraordinary meeting. The road ahead is a long and rocky one, but the meeting provides a glimmer of hope for luis asa and his fellow activists and 4 other Indigenous Peoples who have fallen prey to bio piracy. Ah, india. A toxic tied in deli yamuna river, made from detergent. Indian cities have masses through which problems, which are still managed by hand in some places. But help is on the way robot desist when the going gets tough, that they might not even be necessary thanks to organic detergent, eco, india. 30 minutes on dw, with hot tips for your bucket list, ah magic corner check hot spot for food and some great cultural memorials to boot d w, travel off we go ah ah, ah ah, this is dw news live from berlin, travel. Chaos is over a 1000 flights through germany. A counsel due to a strike just are left stranded and add ports as lufthansa cuts almost all services through 2 major hubs. Striking ground staff say they need higher pay to cope with inflation. Also coming out as russia flows, gas supplies to germany, Energy Minister robot, hobbit warns of was