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Alarming pattern Scientists Say the number of new Infectious Diseases in humans like sars mirrors and covered 19 has risen dramatically over the last decades a study showed that the number of emerging Infectious Diseases in humans almost quadrupled between 1942000 especially large spike in the 1980 s. It was attributed to diseases linked to the h i v aids epidemic if you sat down systematically and counted the number of new infections that we have identified it has increased greve created circumstances on earth that make it likely we will continue so whats causing the rise of new Infectious Diseases in our today and how to humans contribute the reasons are very but theyre all intertwined so lets take a look at some of the main. Population sites. There are more and more of us on the planet but when the spanish flu broke out in 1918 there were around 1800000000 people across the globe at the 1970 s. There were already 3700000000 of us in the past 50 years the global population has more than doubled and its projected to grow even further by 2050. More people also means we live closer together this makes human to human transmission of viruses easier as we spread out on the planet. Human interference with nature. More people have led to an increased need for land and Production Capacity the result a rise in deforestation and Land Use Change worldwide for industrial agriculture logging and mining urbanization. This means humans coming to increase contact with wild animals that may carry Infectious Diseases also Natural Habitats are destroyed driving animals into sub urban areas where they encounter people and livestock. Studies have linked deforestation to increases in malaria infections in the Amazon Region and to the outbreak of ebola in west africa. Mass consumption of animal products. More people also means we need more food and intensified farming as average Global Wealth has increased so has the consumption of animal products higher demand means more mass animal farming which increasingly looks like this animals are squeezed together over long periods of time in an extremely small space as farming intensifies so does human to animal contact and transporting these animals internationally elevates the risk of a virus spreading around the world but its not all bad news in the past century researchers have developed better tools to detect research and develop treatments and vaccines for diseases making many of them far less deadly like hiv or virtually eradicating them like smallpox in a rather as it looks today there is no way around new diseases emerging we will have to learn to fight them and the coronavirus pandemic is teaching us how one you need a Strong Public Health system we also need to continue investment in basic science and in fact in Development Even in the absence of an epidemic and we need better Surveillance Systems that integrate information about humans into animals. A professor freedom of ever is director and chair of the institute for the Justice League university gissen where he focuses on veterinarian metson 1st of all its good to have you with us and let me start by picking up on that last point that was mentioned in our report just now where it said we need better Surveillance Systems that integrate information about humans and animals can you give us an example where such a Surveillance System already exists and discovered a disease and prevented it from spreading. I could give you a very very known example actually that it doesnt entirely prevent the spread but certainly like to have prevented a large outbreak that is influence and this is done and read here every year in france or strains in china because of bait by the w. H. O. And this gives us a chance to predict what kind of influence or strains are coming over to the other countries and this gives us i saw us about half a years time to manufacture tailor made vaccines this would not be possible without this Early Warning system so thats an example from you in medicine if you will and drive. It yeah i get it but it seems to be what working perfectly well what needs to be improved in order to get a better idea about the health of animals and humans. Well all all well if it is a poor porton to test like oh everything if you want to know it depends on what do we want to look at is there the known viruses for these we can test very in a target of men none of im known ones for this is a bit more complicated for this we need to wait for disease to come up if you want so in this report we also heard about the role of biodiversity and how humans interfere with the well and how big a role does bio diversity play for our health. A very big role of course and from irans its bit complicated because if you have a huge repertoire of different animal species that means you have a huge repertoire of different viruses and some of them have the capability to jump into humans others not what the more different species you have to have a chance of but once you have a virus which directs very well either different animals and humans or just in different animals and it mutates all up then its better to have a small of a variety of specious but many different individuals of it so it can go through like through more culture and were obviously doing an awful lot in order to to lower the amount of bio diversity of around us now renowned to primatologist gen goodell actually blames covered 9000. 00 on our exploitation of the Natural World she said that we brought this on ourselves does she have a point that. She definitely has a point i mean this is. Simply about the chances of getting into contact with exotic viruses and they come from exotic animals and went to meet meat exotic animals so this is for example on these vet markets in china or when theres a bush meat market in africa but even it doesnt need to need to be necessarily exotic because this is like in flu and so for example they come from picks and birds which means birds means chicken and ducks or from cattle we have caught measles once so its always the same when you come in close contact to animals you may have never met before then. You get a virus from them now and so be be well advised to change our behavior just a little bit professor verba from the institute of allergy indecent thank you so much for your time youre welcome. Mr and. And talking of time its not time for your question he is our science correspondent Derek Williams. Are all the new infections due to social distancing gnome violations or in spite of following them. Id say both some people are of course going to be infected with the virus as a direct result of ignoring lockdown rules theres been a few high profile cases where thats happened recently like the belgian prince who came down with coke in 1000 after going to a party in spain but but sticking strictly to social distancing rules like staying 2 meters away from others doesnt mean youre completely protected among other things were still learning about how long exactly the virus stays airborne the latest indicator is that tiny drops aerosols that that could potentially carry the virus can remain suspended in the air in enclosed spaces for for over 10 minutes so although there is lots of evidence that social distancing rules lower your risk sometimes significantly nobody is saying they provide any ironclad guarantee. Do i have to clean packaging on products be full storing them at home. I get asked this question all the time because we all have to eat right and since you dont know whos handled those groceries you just picked its easy to worry about how much of a danger that they might pose but although source to appears to remain viable on some surfaces for up to 72 hours most experts at this point dont recommend that you disinfect packaging because it appears to pose quite a low risk but of course its still a good idea to wash your hands thoroughly after shopping and putting away your groceries. And of course Derek Williams will be back tomorrow to answer more of your questions so if you do have a question and please post it on our you tube channel and stick keep up with the latest developments on the coronavirus you can also subscribe to our newsletter just go to d w docs kong slash corona dash newsletter. Well havent spoken earlier of the overlapping human and animal worlds heres one more story its about a rare humpback whale spotted along the st Lawrence River in Montreal Canada hundreds of kilometers away from the open ocean it was 1st sighted a few days ago but experts say the longer it stays in an urban area and in fresh water the more distressing it could be for the animal and heres hoping it finds its way home soon. And i was out with 19 a special for today i want to get jones in berlin from the end the team thanks for watching and see you tomorrow. Impressive im so rio. To india nature has been taking a breather. The lockdown has shown how much more still needs to be done time again is going to because they are very hot even topple. The Green Economy for the environment and the people. To keep. Next on d. W. Innovation. But can it conquer the major issues of our society. The food season the founders valley young good holy ghost meets modern day heroes in asia. Ready to take on this challenge with their unique ideas to look at those 2 problems and make them one solution for. The season funders valley starts june 13th on t. W. 7 into a symphony. Blue for example beethovens Pastoral Symphony is the foundation. Of an International Art project. Musicians compose their understanding of nature. To mark the 250 through the 1st 3 of the composers berthelot sharing program in place of not you know hes good. Beethoven world wide. History project starts on d w. For the last many weeks like many parts of the world india has been under knock down due to cool with 19 streets like this one once bustling with pedestrians vehicles and of course have been relatively empty during this period ive been lucky to have access to groceries medicines the internet and other essential oils but millions of people across

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