That are available at this time. They also stepped up to make todays virtual symposium possible. Thank you for your work. I would like now to introduce our next speaker. Barely. Y the managing editor of emerging civil war who was working behind the scenes to keep the blog up and going and to make sure that all of that free content is coming to you every day. Her work is invaluable to our organization. She is the author of call out the cadet a book series. She is also at work on a biography of the gallant pelham. Herwill present some of Research Associated with that book. Sarah kay barely. Bierle. Kay good morning, good afternoon, good evening. Im not exactly sure when you will be viewing this but i hope you are safe and well and we going to go ahead and ive right into the history. As chris said, i will be sharing some about the research i have been doing about the stewart artillery and john pelham but we will take a much broader range on it. We wont the focused on that unit or artillery commander. We will look at a cavalry movement. The cavalry rate. That is the chambersburg rate of chambersburg raid of 1862. The chambersburg raid is part of the height of the cavalry legends in the east. This movement was ordered by robert daly and a put the men and horses to the test. We will be digging a little deeper into that. I usually like to give an outline of where we are going with the presentation. It is pretty straightforward today. Traditional military history. We will be looking at aspects of the long route that the cavalry took on the raid. We will take a look at some of their civilian interactions. We will close out by discussing the farreaching repercussions of the raid itself. We will start with some stories involved. People and since we are going to take a high overview look today, we will talk about some of the leaders at the top. We will start out with George Mcclellan. On the far left of your screen. Here is a little over veal. Many of you might be familiar with him. There may be something new or a good reminder. Onrge mcclellan was born december 3, 1820 six. He entered west point in 1842, graduating natural years later in the fame to class of 1846. In that class he graduated second out of 59. Histo his highranking in west point class, he went into the corps of engineers and in theunder scott mexicanamerican war and promoted a First Lieutenant and then captain shortly thereafter. After the mexicanamerican work, mcclellan returned to west point to teach and while he was there he translated a french manual of bayonet tactics which has a bit of irony because when it comes to Civil War History come you dont normally associate mcclellan with the banner net. For his engineering service, he spent time at fort delaware on the red river and looking for routes for the transcontinental railroad. He went to your where he was a military observer for the crimean war. In 1857, mcclellan resigned from the u. S. Army and served as Vice President and later president for Railroad Companies giving him some background in organization and logistics. , when the civil war breaks out, mcclellan returns to the military and he will first serve in the department of ohio. On may 14 of that year he commissioned as a Major General in the regular army. He has moved to the top very quickly. Campaigns in the western Virginia Area he offered strategies on how the work could from the early days and then he is summoned to washington, d. C. Five days after the federal troops suffered defeat at the first battle of bull run here rides on july 26 and begins to form and train what would become the army of the potomac. Mcclellanr 1, 1861, takes over as general and chief as Winfield Scott resigns. When concern was expressed about how much mcclellan was taking on, he boldly proclaimed i can do it all. And part of his goal to do it all included a grand strategy for 1862. That involves the Peninsula Campaign. Of troops froms the washington and alexandria area to the virginia peninsula. That movement started in march of that year but im may 5, theyd only made it to williamsburg. It is on the peninsula that mcclellan has his first run and stuart, the confederate cavalry commander and stuart informs chickahominy raid june which is his first ride around mcclellan but more on that and a moment. The sevenday battles forces mcclellan to retreat from richmond and eventually he would withdraw from the peninsula and there had been a lot of political wrangling letter is back and forth and that period so he was not necessarily proving that he could do it all. Withptember 2 though confederate troops starting to move northward, mcclellan is called back to command the fortifications of washington and all the troops to defend the capital. Bitolns cabinet was a worried about this decision and they wrote down some of their disagreements saying our deliberate opinion that at this time it is not safe to entrust Major General mcclellan the command of any army of the. Ted states privately however, lincoln said to his secretary john hale, we must use what tools we have. There is no man of the army that can man these fortifications and lick these troops of hours into shape half as well as see. Hehe cannot fight himself, excels at making others ready to fight. During the maryland campaign, mcclellan did not move very quickly but he did manage to fight the battle of antietam on september 17, the Bloodiest Day in American History. The results of that Battle Forces the confederates to retreat across the potomac and initiatews lincoln to two initiate the initial emancipation proclamation. President lincoln visited the general at the very beginning of october. They took some famous photographs at that time. It had little effect on mcclellans motivation or an incentive to move faster. The gentleman on the far right of your screen is Alfred Pleasanton. I wanted to mention him because he is going to be the guy, spoiler alert here, who will have the best chance of stopping jeb stuart and the chambersburg raid. On july 7,was born 1824. His father, stephen pleasanton, was rather famous and helped save archive documents. His dad also served as the fifth auditor of the u. S. Treasury and as superintendent of lighthouses until 1852. Historic lighthouses precivil war is a little hobby of mine so i had to throw that in there. Back to Alfred Pleasanton who graduated from west point in 1844, commissioned into the dragoons and served in the territory of iowa, minute minnesota and texas. During the mexicanamerican war, he promoted to First Lieutenant for gallantry at the bottles of palo alto. In the mid1850s, he served as adjutant to his regiment and also promoted to captain. Territory was in utah when war began in 1861 and he traveled back with the second jurgens. While he got back to washington, d. C. , he tried to politick his way into a higher army rank using his dads old political connections. It did not work out very well for him. On august 3, 1861, he entered the second u. S. Cavalry regiment. The following year on february 15, he promoted to major. He did serve with mcclellans army in the Peninsula Campaign but his time with the cavalry there has been described as unremarkable. 16, 1820 six, pleasanton promotes to Brigadier General of volunteers and loose to command a cavalry brigade in the army of the potomac. On september 2, 1862, he gets Division Command which he will hold for the maryland campaign. Pleasanton is slightly wounded at antietam and made a very big claim that he had done a lot of great things in the battle and was upset he did not get promoted to Major General. At the very beginning of october, 18 62, pleasanton and some of his cavalry crossed the potomac at shepherdstown and briefly occupied martinsburg. A couple hours later, jeb stuart drove him out. Wasnt in had ambition and there were tests coming for him in the next weeks to see if he might be able to pass those tests and seek more of the command, promotion, and pham fame that he mightve been seeking. And finally, we come to the officer in the center, jeb stuart. He is the guy who instigates the term chambersburg raid. A quick overview on his life of to that point. He was born on fairbury 6, 1833. He attempted to enlist in the u. S. Military in 1848 that was told he was too young so he spent two years at emory and henry college. In 1850, he received his appointment into the military academy at west point. During his time there, robert e. In 1852ved, actually and served as the military academy superintendent. Whond the same time, lee later commanded cavalry under stuart also arrived. Stuart was honored for his equestrian and cavalry skill during his time at west point. He graduated 13th in a class of 46. He served in the u. S. Regiment of mounted rifleman in texas, saw action in kansas territory and was wounded during a fight with cheyenne warriors. In 1850 nine, stewart was in washington, d. C. Securing a patent for his saber hulk. It was at that time that john browns raid occurred at Harpers Ferry and stuart joins colonel robert e. Lee and helps to identify john brown and signals the u. S. Marines to attack the engine house where brown was hiding out. 22, 1861, 10 days after sumter,le on fort stewart promotes to captain in the u. S. Army. He resigns though on may 3. On may 10, one week later, he commissioned as a Lieutenant Colonel in the virginia forces and helped organize the first virginia cavalry regiments. He is promoted a full colonel on july 16, worked closely with Thomas J Jackson near Harpers Ferry organizing and training troops. Is battle of first bull run where he begins to highlight his skills with cavalry in addition to some of the picketing he had done prior to that. He promotes to Brigadier General on september 24, 1861 and spends the auto and winter and early part of the spring training his cavalry and doing some with thee ideas concept of horse artillery. Stewart goes to the peninsula and fights in the battle of williamsburg. He is helping to cover parts of the Confederate Movement in that an insula campaign. After robert e. Lee takes command, he asks stuart to go scouting. This will be the first ride around mcclellan also called the chickahominy raid. Stir and as cavalry get more experience in the Second Bull Run Campaign skirmishing in Northern Virginia and then the invasion of Northern Maryland in the autumn of 1862. Let us change the slides here and on the screen hopefully you are able to see that to the left we have a map of stewards chickahominy raid, on the right we have the chambersburg raid. Are around mcclellans army. It helps us to know little about the chickahominy raid when we consider the planning of the chambersburg raid. The chickahominy raid occurs between june 12 and , 1862. Tewart takes about 1200 men they ride approximately 150 soldiers ande 165 various supplies. Most importantly, they are able to confirm the information that lee wanted to know. That mcclellans right flank was vulnerable. They faced no serious opposition. Calvary was decentralized in its approach to trying to combat them a little bit. Stewart did clash with troops commanded by his fatherinlaw. Human interest. One man is reported killed in on theckahominy raid confederate side. This launches stuart and his cavalry into confederate fame and confederate legend and he becomes part of the story of the defenders of richmond and is really able to push the idea of and thingscavalry like that. We are going to fast forward on the timeline now to october 6. The battle of antietam has been fought. Mcclellan is waiting period lincoln wants him to do something but mcclellan is still in waiting mode. October the come at lee, and stewart are talking about northward. D october 6 is the day that we can pinpoint those discussions happening. Two days later, lee sends orders to stuart. Y begin with these words an expedition into maryland with it attachment of calvary if it can be successfully executed is at this time desirable. You will therefore form a 1500 lent from 1200 to mounted men suitable for such an expedition. And should the information from your scouts lead you to suppose that your movement can be concealed from bodies of the would be able to resist it come your desired to cross the potomac and proceed to the rear of chambersburg and endeavored to destroy a railroad bridge. And the other damage you can inflict on the enemy or his means of transportation you will also execute. Lee goes on to issue more detailed instructions including the destruction of the railroad supply lines for mcclellans army, the importance of gathering information about pennsylvania, the necessity to keep movement secret and he says that taking hostages if necessary will be permissible. This is somewhat prompted by what Union General john pope did in his summer campaigns in virginia. Lee adds some concluding advice saying reliance is placed on your skill and judgment in the successful execution of this plan and it is not intended or desired that you should jeopardize the safety of your command or go further than your good judgment and prudence may dictate. As stewart prepares his cavalry for this raid that they are going to make, his headquarters are at a Country House known as the powers and his cavalry is in camp at an area nearby. To Adam Stephen Dandridge and the time that stewart has his headquarters there is often written about as the there were lots of , dances. Feasts it is a must a break from war. Stewart will take a break from the break from war to organize the chambersburg raid. On october 9, one day after he receives the instructions from his he issues orders to troops. Soldier is coming you are about to engage in an enterprise which to ensure success demands bravery. And him plus it obedience to orders without question and the strictest order and sobriety on the march. The destination and extent of this expedition has that have better be kept to myself. Suffice it to say that with the Party Cooperation of officers and men, i have not a doubt of its success. Success that will reflect credit to the highest degree on your arms. The orders which are here with published for your government are absolutely necessary and must be rigidly enforced. Stewart goes through and issues these directives of things that will and will not happen on this forthcoming raid. First off, top priority in stewards mind is capture horses. If you are going to have cavalry coming you have to have horses and they needed to be able to replenish those amounts. He did say that they would be seizing property from u. S. Citizens and from government supply areas but that receipts would be given so that those citizens could be could make claims to the federal government. The personal plundering was to be allowed. Orders he also issued for the forces they would capture. Hostages would be taken kindly. No straggling would be permitted in the column and no property would base used until they got to pennsylvania. Stewart did not want to be rating horses or other supplies from the people of maryland. Lee and the confederacy were still trying to court maryland to their side and plundering from those people was probably not a good way to make friends. While the horse collecting would have to wait until after they crossed the masondixon line. According to Henry Mcclellan who served on stewarts staff, 600 of the best mounted men were pulled from three brigades. Or 600 from each. That is an easier way to think of it. Andfrom hamptons robertsons brigades. The generals who went along to command these attachments were wade hampton, late, and colonel william e rumbled jones. Four guns pelham took and crews from the stewart course artillery, two from the unit direct and to that he pulled from other units. Around 2 00 p. M. On october 9, the cavalry that is going to go on the raid reagans leaving their begins leaving their camps and heading towards hedge fill. Hedgeville. Captain thomas logan of the illinois cavalry were picketing the river within a mile of he site. Rward and fear also, on Fairview Heights there was a union signal station and sentries. Stuart and his cavalry secure the area around hedgeville. At midnight, stewart heads for the river to finalize the crossing went. Early on the morning of october settlesiday, heavy fog and around the river. The confederates secure the ford but they do not completely surprised the union pickets. Antigens detachment leads the crossing. Civilians alert captain logan and his pickets. Logan decides not to engage but he immediately notifies all the Union Officers in the area. Confederates captured the signal station at fairview and the column begins heading north to pennsylvania. They crossed the masondixon line into franklin county, move through blairs valet. At that point they begin collecting courses along the way, captain ilya black ford reported that he saw some of the troopers alleging and feasting. On the other and, stewart claims he never saw that. Capturing horses as was mentioned was a goal that stewart had in this raid. There are a number of stories that come down to us about the process. Sometimes the confederate troopers would tell the farmers that they were from the u. S. Government and they were taking their horses for the union army. When the farmers began to complain about how they do not like the federal government, the troopers would say we dont like them either. Was goodhumored conversations back and forth between the civilians and the confederates at this point. Receipts were also written for later reimbursement. Some of the troopers were trying to pay for the horses with confederate money which was not really welcome to. The horses they were collecting were heavy, more of a draft read that were good for our artillery but not with a were looking for for cavalry operations. Or is a great story about something that happened with the artillery men that are coming along under john pelhams command. Somewhere along the way they either trade or confiscate, somehow they get a hold of large farmers hats. Straw hats. It is raining and drizzling on the day so before long, hats are all bent out of shape andrew being in a funny fashion. Stewart happens to see this the judgment he does not think it fits the gallant image for his confederate cavalry so he gives pala mesa terrible time saying you have brought the farmers along. It is said for weeks afterward that the units or that artillery unit went by the nickname the farmers. The first union prisoner was taken in the area of clay lacked. This was mr. Winger, a postmaster. He will complete the with theurg raid troopers and spent six weeks in prison. Town that ther cavalry column comes to is mercersburg, pennsylvania. They arrive in a light rain around 12 noon. Two of the canons are parked in the town square. Thes said that some of confederate column was wearing blue coats and a first come at the civilians thought they were northern troops. That certain changed because union flags were torn down and shredded by these are writing raters. Merchants refused to accept confederate money so the officers told the men to take what they wanted. One store lost 600 shoes or boots. Not all the soldiers were comfortable with this idea though. Office got rated. Stamps were taken. More hostages and prisoners were taken. A total of nine in mercersburg. Was aomas craig presbyterian minister in the area and he described the day saying the town is in a greatly excited state entirely at their mercy and yet, although much excited, are more tranquil than what wouldve been supposed. Such a raid as this brings or very near to us. Another minister describe the behavior of the confederates saying they behaved very decently. They were gentle and robbers. The people took it in good humor while feeling the insult and humiliation. It was a marvel that 2000 or 3000 calvary men could cross the ofber in the face of an army 200,000. After leaving mercersburg, stewarts column starts heading east through southern pennsylvania. Stewart has guides for this rate. Young men that had grown up in southern pennsylvania. Some of them had been involved in hunting as gave slaves prior to the work. Southern sympathies drove them to virginia when they enlisted in the and story found out about their knowledge of the area and asked to use them as scouts. Captain blackford said he captured a county map which was viable for getting a better idea of the road systems. He took it from a sitting room despite the glares of angry women. It was about 2 30 p. M. When the column left mercersburg and as i mentioned, they are heading east. The farmers in the area are getting a little more knowledge that this confederate rating is happening. Some farmers hated about 25 ses in a storm stone some farmers hid about 25 horses in a stone quarry. Ranked then women church bell to sound the alarm and home guardsmen rallied to oppose the cavalry men as shots were exchanged. Carter stood up to the cavalry. Officers took him prisoner into the town square and forced him to break his gun and told him he got to ride on a case on for the rest of the day. Thelso would be sent to prison and spent about six months there. Chambersburg was an objective. That was where the column was heading. They are approached the city about 8 00 p. M. It is been raining all day. Chambersburg had been warned by telegraph that confederate cavalry was in the area. Stewart accepted a flag of truce for negotiation, made general hamilton hampton the governor of chambersburg. About 75 home guard arrived at the chambersburg courthouse. The confederates gave the town 30 minutes to surrender and said that no prior no private property would be harmed and only government officials would be detained. The chambersburg civilians agreed and the confederates answered. They got one telegraph message out sending it to the philadelphia pennsylvania word to who then sent secretary stanton in washington, d. C. Out of theeading region that stewart is on the move and causing distraction. In chambersburg, escaped enslaved men, women, and children hid. The confederates found the chambersburg bank was empty and in the storesing of the area. One storehouse that had ammunition was burned. According to a Union Soldier keeping track of events of the the confederates took 700 muskets, 400 pistols, four hundred 60 eight ammunition boxes, 200 uniforms and various sabers and belts. Unionf the supplies the had captured from long street during the maryland campaign. Werehorses and mules rounded up. This Union Soldier also mention there were some africanamericans captured and taken back to the south and slavery. Public buildings were burned with an estimated cost of about 250,000. Me, when hundred thousand dollars. Stewart spent time planting this information about his command. He specifically told some chambersburg civilians he was heading for gettysburg next. Wasart to his officers starting to worry about how he would recross the potomac since it had been raining all day. Around 9 00 p. M. , men from the second virginia cavalry were sent five miles north to destroy the Cumberland Valley railroad bridge. Those guys were not successful. Three reasons for why the bridge may not of been destroyed. Convincedans mightve them not to destroy it. Second, the bridge may have been so wet it did not burn. Third, they believed the bridge was made of iron. There is a bit of a local history dilemma as to whether the bridge was wood or iron at that time but the point of it is that the bridge did not get destroyed. On saturday, october 11, stewarts column is getting ready to leave chambersburg and stewart tells the captain his plan for getting back to the potomac. Stewart says he wants someone else to know the plan in case he gets captured. As they leave chambersburg, guides. Ers are the the column of cavalry is stretching five miles long over the roads. General georgen mcclellan is sending off units to try to intercept stewart. Pleasanton got faulty information that stewart was heading back to mercersburg so pleasant and delayed his pursuit. Road ahead ofoman the confederates towards fayetteville warning the farmers along the way. She later portrayed herself and broke her own memory as a civil wars wild paul revere. Confederates the took 50 or 60 more courses. The hotel listed out the things they lost which included 200 gallons of whiskey from eight gallons of port wine, 10 gallons of applejack, 25 bushels of votes, 16 halters in one harness. They started moving towards maryland. After getting to cash down close enough to create a panic in gettysburg and get union of authorities to think that was the next target. Towneld was the last major that the column goes through and raids. Taking 30 stands of arms from the local armory. About one 1000 worth of goods from the stores. If you confederates are taken prisoner and at least one of them have a lot of information to share leading to the question of whether he was disgruntled or purposely captured to hand over maybe misinformation. The confederate column crosses back into maryland and as they that state line, the orders for rating and horse collecting come down that has to stop. They pass through emmitsburg at sunset on october 11 and there are the ladies came out and welcomed them. Columnter stewarts comes through, about an hour in between, russias lancers, the union unit arrives in they missed them by an hour. The teak setting in and troopers were worried about falling asleep and falling off the horses. Blackford recorded a glimpse of what it was like in the night column. Upon onesall task endurance to remain marching all night. During the day, there is always something to attract attention and abuse but at night there is nothing. The monotonous jingle of arms and accoutrements mingles with the tramp of horses fate to a drowsy hom which makes someone extremely sleepy. And to not be allowed to sleep is exquisite torture. Many of the men went fast asleep on their horses and snores loud and long could be heard all along the columns. Nearer winnsboro, maryland, stewart captured a union recruiting officer in his buddy who was very surprised to run into this column of cavalry. Alfred pleasanton meanwhile was just five miles to the west of the columns and stuart changes direction again heading further east and continuing south. Near urban anna, maryland, detour and a 30 minute break to impress the new york rebel and other young ladies he had met several weeks earlier at the sabres and roses ball which it happened during the maryland camping in that village. On october 12, stuarts columns which had been moving on parallel roads reunite. Meanwhile, union or Brigadier General stoneman was guarding all of the fourth near holtsville. They had gone 65 miles from chambersburg and they were five miles from the potomac. The cavalry men in stewarts column were changing their horses out with the captured animals in an attempt to keep moving as quickly as possible. That morning of october 12, Alfred Pleasanton is heading for stewart and he is aiming for the mouth of the monotonously river. Monotonously river. Stewart summoned his local experts and decided to slip towards a lesserknown location called whites for and he planned to arrive by a route that would trick any observant federals. The photo you are seeing of whites ford was provided by some colleagues of mine in emerging civil war but they wanted me to mention that when they took the photo it was very flooded. The river would have been lower ts cavalry was crossing. We did not what you think it was quite that height when you saw the photo but it was what we had to work with at this season. Offeredord pleasanton made quite a long march as well moving 70 miles in 24 hours. He begins to move some troops on not busybill on the road. He runs into stewart or more correctly, stewart runs into him. There is aps confusion and a situation with a friendly fire allowing stewart to reorganize. He sends major pelham to fire the cannons on the union troops. Alfred pleasanton to believe that stewart will fight and force his way forward. Cavalryins to do point to deployton begins cavalry and then waits for two hours. Pleasanton converses with federal cavalry. It turns out to be confederates that fired on him. Attachments used used aother attachments trick to clear the union guard from whites ford. Those attachments are ordered by their officers not to allow the horses to drink but to plunge into the river and get across. The first two detachments crossed. Tell him begins to move. He sends all but one gun positioned on the chesapeake and ohio canal, he covers the last of the cavalry crossing over and then manages to get that final gun across the river also. Miles. D had been 130 the cavalry heads for leesburg. Stewart is still worried that the federals will pursue. From leesburg he has west again , hisning to the power headquarters. He reported that he lost one man wounded and watch wrote captured. And four captured. There was 30 pennsylvanians who crossed the potomac back into virginia with stewart. Those pennsylvanians taken as hostage were sent to libby prison and were eventually exchanged for confederate prisoners. Stewart had captured and detained many others but he paroled them and did not take them self. Only the 30. The raid itself had been risky and in the planning, they had slowness andllans stuarts speed. Alfred pleasanton had almost messed up those calculations. Results for the confederates included the destruction or confiscation of a minimum of 250,000 or the amount of property. 1200brought back at least horses. Realistshe real it question if that was worth it. Because the horses that came back with them were so tired from having been exchanged and used during the raid that they were weary and in need of rest. They brought back arms, supplies, clothing, and other valuable supplies for the confederacy. Meanwhile, on the union side, the officers started playing a blame game. It started off with out for a pleasanton and George Stoneman blaming each other for not capturing or stopping stewart. Then, George Mcclellan blamed both pleasanton and stone men for not following his orders. Meanwhile, general and chief have licked blamed mcclellan and on october 14 said the president has read your telegram and wrecks made to suggest that if the enemy had more occupation south of the river, his calvary would not be so likely to make likely to make raids north of it. That was followed by another telegram on october 24 from the president i just received your dispatch about 50 courses. Hard me for asking but what have your horses done since the battle of antietam . Someone asked lincoln what he was going to do with mcclellan. Lincoln replied with one of his humorous stories. When i was a boy, we used to round game three times and out. Stewart has been round him twice. If he goes around him once more, gentlemen, mcclellan will you out. Stewart did not get a chance for a third time around mcclellan. Lincoln ordered mcclellans removal of from campaign on november. Four days later he wrote to his wife those in whose judgment i rely thought said that i fought the battle splendidly. I feel i have done all that can be asked and in twice saving the country. I feel some little pride in having defeated and demoralized the army. One of these days history will i trust do me justice. Which is a very nice sentiment but i question if lee was entirely defeated since stewart took 1800 men around mcclellans army. Stewart cannot and should not be given full credit for mcclellan dismissal. But the chambersburg raid did help seal his fate. Confederate outcomes included a boost in morale. The idea that successes would continue with speed and using the unexpected. They brought back numerous , we see and tactically a flexibility in stewarts movements. Ashe realizes his union he realizes Union Cavalry is closing in on him as he returns to the potomac, he makes decisions quickly which would raps influence what he was trying to do and the Pennsylvania Campaign the following summer which of course includes the battle of gettysburg. Be chambersburg raid can seen as offering a foreshadowing for the cavalrys future in the east. Timeanton was behind this but in the following year, he would be part of the battle of Brandy Station and a turning point in cavalry warfare. Pleasantons politicking did not help his own advancement and he did not secure stunning atul field successes but he was part of the rise of the Union Cavalry. In the future, particularly in 1863 and beyond, stewart would have to fight much harder for his successes and the chambersburg raid marks one of the final joyrides of his cavalry. Song that is often referenced in stewarts cavalry the song called join the cavalry. It is associated with stewarts headquarters and it is a very repetitive song. There are different versus. But it starts off with we are the boys that road around mcclellan. That could reference the chickahominy raid. There are three versus dedicated to the chambersburg rate. We are the boys that crossed the potomac we are the boys that road to pennsylvania aboutother verse talks pennsylvania dutch girls or germans handing out bread to the soldiers. With three out of the five traditional verses of the song dealing with the chambersburg raid, it gives us clues into how stewart and his men view their successes wanting to immortalize it in song. It gives us clues and how they wanted to be remembered. They wanted the glory image. We have to remember that there is more to the story including the civilian interactions, the overarching questions relating to the civil war in the larger sense and the military ethics that are also important to consider. Thank you. Learn more about the people and events that shaped the civil war and reconstruction every saturday at 6 00 p. M. Eastern only on American History tv here on cspan3. Howardptor sabin discusses the process behind creating a soldiers journey, component of the new National World war i and memorial. The National Civic art society hosted this event and provided the video. Justin. Lemy name is i am the president of the National Civic arts society. We are delighted you could join us this evening to hear sabin howard resent his classical design for the National World war i memorial. Founded in 2002, the society educates and emps
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