Shown in the first few minutes of this program. Good evening and welcome, everyone. I am the director of the john f. Kennedy president ial fiber and museum, and on behalf of the executive director of the Kennedy Library foundation, the board of directors, and everyone, i think you for joining us this evening. Let me first acknowledge the generous underwriters of the forum, boston capital, the local institute, raytheon, the boston foundation, and our media partners. We considered having this Forum Last Night on the actual 50th anniversary of misses kennedys tour but did not want to make you have to choose between sharing valentines day with loved ones or with your friends here at the Kennedy Library. We are so pleased to have so many of you with us this evening. 50 years ago, Jaclyn Kennedy introduced herself to the nation. In many ways, the public already knew her from her role as the president s wife, mother to children, and charming world leaders. In 1962, it was a more substantive Jacqueline Kennedy who guided us through the white house, and the nation was transfixed. Reviews were laudatory, describing mrs. Kennedy as a virtuoso performer and art critic. My favorite anecdote relates to the evening after she had spent the day taping the tour. They watched outtakes with friends. Seeing how his wife had clearly outshined him in her portion compared to the final clip in which the president appears, the president asked cbs if it would be possible to reshoot his segment the following morning. [laughter] essentially he followed the same script the next day but tried admirably to match his wifes charm, ease and engaging presence. You can decide how well he does when we watch the clip in a moment. Tonight we watch a portion of the tour and then we will hear from the Current White House curator. It is often said that nice guys finish last, especially in the capital, but he is an exception to that rule. He became curator of the white house in 2002, having served as an assistant and then assistant curator since 1976. No one has done more in recent years to help preserve the White House Historical collection and also update them to our times. We are delighted he is here with us. After a film, he will give a brief hesitation about the white house, and i will moderate a conversation with him during which time we welcome your questions. We will endnotes a bit early to make sure that mr. Allman catches his plane back to d. C. You can own your own copy of tour, in ours for a limited time we are giving away free copies for the 50th anniversary. Cbs sunday morning will air a story on the white house tour and i hope you all will tune in for that. Rs. Kennedy, m was one of the founders of this library, and it was her vital hope that we would grow and change with the times. I believe our forum, programs and exhibits are guided by her spirit and i hope live up to the standard she set in her virtuoso performance 50 years ago. Lets relive that moment together. At the white house with mrs. John f. Kennedy, created for the Cbs Television network. This is the white house as seen from the south lawn. Johnhe next hour, mrs. F. Kennedy invite you to visit. [applause] good evening, everybody. Ok. What i would like to do for a few minutes is ring a little color to a blackandwhite tv show. Some color pictures of how the rooms looked when mrs. Kennedy was doing it, and then pictures of how the rooms have changed since that time. I think mrs. Kennedy would have been the first person to say to everyone that what she was doing was a first step, when she was ,sking people to donate things may be the best things were not offered at the time, but when you had nothing you took what was offered. There have been improvements and growth in the collection come and that is what she expected every first family to do, to contribute to the house, remaining a museum and growing and becoming more interesting to the public. You can see the white house, and a picture of mrs. Kennedy during the televised taping, a still picture of her in the blue room. One of the things the president talked about is one of the people is the people who came to visit, one point 3 Million People in 1961. It wasnt so much that the tour kicked off interest in the white house, mrs. Had already attracted public attention. Got congress to patched to pass a law she mentioned, which did not just protect the collection, but established the museum character of the white house being maintained in perpetuity. It still has to function as a house for the family and the secret service has a lot of say about security issues, but the museum character is what she was so interested in grasping. She created the Curators Office in 1961 with the idea that you needed a professional staff to collect and preserve and interpret and conserve the pieces she found in the house, and the things she was adding to the house. We have the dichotomy in our collection today, we still refer to the old collection, which is the stuff mrs. Kennedy found that had survived the 19th century auctions and giving away of official furnishings, and the new collection, which was everything she was collecting. In fact, those things to a large extent, were older than the things she already had in the socalled old collection. But she had lots of people coming to the white house because she made the public aware she was making it into a museum. It increased nationwide the interest in Historic Preservation in old houses and the contents of old houses. One of her early acquisitions was this little engraving i am not advancing after all of our conversation. Sorry, wrong button. Acquired engraving was in 1961. The engraver entitled the piece all creation going to the white in 1840,ecause even they were envisioning the public attracted to the white house. People like Andrew Jackson were living in the building. In 1961, there was a whole new level of attraction as a Historic Site and trying to the presidency and a museum of important american objects. Routeing through her tour , you see in the upper lefthand corner, the east room as she found it in 1961. Not too much has changed from what Theodore Roosevelt had done to the room in 1902. Sharesndeliers, the tour , the cornices dated from 1902. You see that the mantles are white. Hey were red marble but mrs. Kennedy preferred white and have them painted. They were difficult to keep white. You can see todays east room as they were refurbished in the 1990s. Restored to the original color. There were no carpets in the rooms in the 19th century, but one thing First Lady Barbara Bush had asked, the room was so tory, that she asked for some carpets. It makes the room less noisy and takes away some of the opportunities the children once had, the roosevelt children known for rollerskating around the room, and subsequent children had attempts at recreating the mayhem of theater roosevelt Theodore Roosevelts kids. Used for all sorts of parties and entertaining. This is where president and mrs. Kennedy held the party for nobel prize winners, and president kennedy delivered the famous remark, never has so much talent been assembled in the white house except when Thomas Jefferson dined here alone. [laughter] there we go. She pointed out the great portrait of George Washington by Gilbert Stuart, our iconic object hung on the walls when the house opened in 1800 and saved by Dolly Madison from the fire. Unfortunately cbs news misspelled her name in the captions. This painting was saved and restored and was in the house continuously except during reconstruction. To the right, there were things acquired to be historical and archival. Some may have gone in storage or in smaller rooms on the second or third floors of the house, including this windsor desk chair, which came to us it was in the temporary white house after the fire of 1814, the second night that tims medicine was fleeing James Madison was fleeing the white house, Dolly Madison was in one direction and he took off in another. Sitting ine evening this little desk of the owner of the house. She got into the state dining room. The picture in the upper left is how she would have found it. The black marble mantelpiece was installed in the truman renovation, really just a surround. Mental with lyons heads, changed to moved to thewas truman library. Mrs. Kennedy invited them to send the mental back the president k, but truman said no thank you, it is mine and i am keeping it. She was alluding to that she was having the same carving firm create a new white marble version of the greystone mantle from 1902. ,ou see that in the lower right after she was finished working on the room. She kept the drapes from the truman era and the table and the chairs from 1902. A new rug and mantle. Here is the Mental Police mantelpiece. You can see the bison head in the right corner. Before leaving office, a lione roosevelt said is not an american animal, fix it, and so they changed it to bison. Centerpiece in the center of the dining table. It extends to 14 and a half feet long, has 18 classical figures that hold up the candles. Most of the time it is only five sections on the table and two in storage. It is difficult to see, but at the bottom of the plinth, it has the company name, the makers in france. Thehow, this eluded curatorial staff. They were only looking at five itconds and they attribute to the makers without knowing it was them, not knowing they had a piece of it that was signed. This is the red room. This is a very important looking room. The red cloth was put on the walls in imitation of fabric on the walls of the polar the parlor since 1902. In comparing these pictures, a lot of the same furniture remains in todays room in the lower right as put in by mrs. Kennedy, probably one of the rooms inct of her constant use. 18101830. Rom you can see on the lefthand. Creen, the center table mrs. Kennedy cited it in the tour. He was an important cabinetmaker and made spectacular furniture in new york. We were very lucky that mrs. Kennedy thought it was worth collecting. It was not colonial or 18thcentury and not antique yet, and we would not have been able to find a table of this quality today. The sofa behind it, she called it the Dolly Madison sofa but that was a mistake. It had no association with mrs. Madison. Was therwork said it style that madison had, and somehow that got in the paperwork. The little one in the black and white picture longed to washingtons granddaughter. It was quickly replaced in this room by the incredible sofa there today, the lower right, a sofa that has see serpents as the supports for the legs and arms. The blue room, as it looked when mrs. Kennedy took the tour. The wall fabric dated from the truman renovation of 1952. She had the monroe furniture arriving in the room, you can see the table she cited and the original chair that was given back before it was reupholstered. The unfortunate table in the middle of the room was made by the carpenter shop and was a big plywood disc with a fabric covering, i think she was still working on what would be the centerpiece of the room. She was looking for something more period, and you can see on the left, the striped wallpaper and decorative elements that she felt to be more in keeping with the monroe period. It was criticized at the time. People said the drapery fabric running around the cornice makes it look like a french ladys boudoir and not a formal room at the white house, but she was precient,sy and but you can see here that we have an actual document we found smithsonian. Ist you see in the room different wallpaper, different upholstery and carpeting, but the feeling of the room that mrs. Kennedy created, i think she would be thrilled to know that more Historical Research was going into how to keep the room looking historic. Sorry. Twoacquired an armchair and side chairs for the blue room furniture. Kennedya fabric mrs. Chose from a portrait of monroe. It has gone through three different color combinations. Two she chair is one of acquired. It is difficult to see but the inscription is the french cabinetmaker. Unfortunately you see what happens when people keep attacking upholstery fabrics to a frame that bears the makers name. Minimally invasive upholstery where you build up the structure inside the chair and attach fabrics to the new materials rather than old materials. The table that she cited as being in its original location is now in the Entrance Hall because we acquired in 1979 this sofa from the set and that was the only wall big enough for a nine foot long sofa. Pieces backw nine in the white house from the 53 original pieces in the monroe suite. Chair, and the left in the nixon era fabric, and on the right how it looks today. This was the most intact of all of the chairs we know of. For an exhibition we have right now at the smithsonian about the Decorative Arts of the white house, we were working on restoring the chair to its original appearance. It would have had red fabric, as mrs. Kennedy told us, and it would have had this high sheen, almost metal goldleaf surface. Interested inery adding to the portrait collection. When she arrived at the white house, the Art Collection was almost exclusively portraits, but she saw the importance of getting life portraits, portraits done during the 19th century by lesser artists or to be of Gilbert Stuart replaced. She acquired the one in the upper lefthand corner, and succeeding first ladies have added to it. Monroe at the lower right. Morse, theamuel inventor of the telegraph who preferred to be known as a portrait painter. In the reagan administration, we acquired john adams in the lower right by trumbull. The collection was consistent in mrs. Kennedys activity. Here is the green room when she started decorating it, is still have the green fabric of the truman renovation. She started adding the federal style furniture from about 1800. Here are two views of that room. Here is a blackandwhite picture of the wall that shows the Daniel Webster sofa she cited, in the upper righthand corner. There was a wonderful baltimore card table, one of my favorite pieces because of the incredible inlays and veneering. Both of these pieces had not been used in the house for a while so we selected them as examples of the perfection of what mrs. Kennedy was doing at the time and they are now in our exhibit when she was exhibit. When she was finished with the room, she put silk on the walls with a proper period rug. Burenis the angelica van portrait she cited in the tour, over the fireplace when she gave the tour. Other parts of the tour agent she was collecting other art, including this portrait of Benjamin Franklin which is over the fireplace, as she intended it to be viewed she moved to be. She moved misses van buren just past the chandelier on the left. During the Nixon Administration, it was decided the federal furniture of mrs. Kennedys time was not the strongest for a room with high ceilings and large scale, and it was were placed by furniture. Ade by duncan fife kennedyss. Acquisitions, a set of these chairs in the upper right. Added to perfect to be the collection. Fifentrast, that great style in the upper right, and the simple chair in the lower left. You take the back panel off the upholstery and it was inscribed by the upholsterer. In 1911. Rchased it had a lot of curatorial information. Room, this is a third set of changes since mrs. Kennedys time. Replaced buts been considered a key element of the room. The nixon era furniture has largely been kept but we made a new rug and new upholstery fabrics. Mrs. Kennedy was interested in improving the our collection beyond portraits. What you see in this picture, the lower left painting was or mrs. Laura bush. She wanted it to go and public rooms, just as mrs. Kennedy thought when interesting things should be in public rooms. They put it in the green room. We had to decide, we dont own a lot of abstract art and this might be a little harsh for mrs. Kennedys taste, but the collection is growing and the interest in all periods is growing. We were able to pair with it this painting in the lower right, a mrs. Kennedy acquisition, something she found light and easy upstairs, and it was more abstract and interesting as appear. The wall on the far left of the green room scene, there is a wonderful John Singer Sargent painting acquired early in the Johnson Administration as a gift in memory of president kennedy. I think mrs. Kennedy would have been pleased that several paintings have been donated by painters who wanted to remember resident kennedy. This carpet was installed in the Truman Administration and the mantle was not period. In the early 2000, still the 1952 carpet after 50 years of use. Bed, the center table. 2004, First Lady Laura Bush asked for a refreshing of the room and to go back to the period documents and do it as right as we can. I think mrs. Kennedy would have found that gratifying, you hurt her site using historic documents to put things in original places and design things correctly. It is a little more victorian than it was then. You see now the lincoln bed with the proper recreation of its cornice. Wallpaper based on the lincoln office, carpeting based on the week in office, upholstery based on two things. It is a little stronger than it had been in her time but still one of the principal guest bedrooms in the white house. She moved next door to the treaty room, for two as the monroe room. Here it would have been in the 19th century, when it was the president s cabinet room, you can see the sofa she mentioned in the lefthand picture in the back underneath the portrait of George Washington, the long cabinet table in the middle. There is pressing clevelands Cabinet Meeting around it in the 1890s. Picture ofcolored when she walked in the room and said this is the chamber of horrors because 70 things were not yet assembled and finalized. A similar picture in the lower right of how the room was after she was done. Out of thethe border house were president lincoln died, and it was put on the then flecked wallpaper and big grant cabinet table in the middle of the room. It stated that way until president george bushs administration. The fabrics were getting threadbare and he said i like this Conference Room idea but i would rather have a private office in the private quarters where i can have more intimate meetings. Thats the way the room has remained since then, and several iterations, including you can see the finished room, mrs. Kennedys room on the left, and , stillrge w version using the table as his desk and the sofa underneath the portrait of grant. Also, there is the signing of the peace protocol that ended the spanishamerican war. President kennedy alluded in the full version of the tape to the fact that they were not going to the west wing, but i thought i would bring to your attention to my he mentioned on the tape that he sat at the famous resolute desk. This was placed in the oval office by mrs. Kennedy, it had been in private quarters but she thought it should be the most visible desk the president would sit at. It was given to president hayes by Queen Victoria in 1880 and the famous one of the young john jr. Coming out through the knee hole under the desk as the president is working at it. And a more recent photographs of caroline in the office as president obama tries to figure out how to go under the desk and open the door. [laughter] like,ok on her face is please, mr. President , just stop. [laughter] the only times as kennedy came back to the white house was for a private unveiling of the portraits in the nixon building. He was very lowkey. She and her children came back. She had made her mark and she felt it was time to leave the white house to her successors. That is what we do today. Our office tries to assist along with the National Park service and White House Historical association, also celebrating its 50th anniversary, to provide forresources and expertise each new first family to leave their mark on the house. Now we will have some questions and answers, i hope. Thank you. [applause] thank you so much for the wonderful tour. It was wonderful to watch. Recent New York Times interview, you talked about the challenge of having the museum the family. Ome for as curator, give us a sense of how you balance the use of the home and maintaining it as a museum. First, you take a very deep breath. Are is the official home and office of the president of the united states. So mrs. Kennedy wanted to put great things in the room so everyone who came in, diplomatic foreign visitors, would see the best things she could acquire that were made in america and to draw out of storage things she could give new importance to that head survived the 19th sales of white house content. People cannot touch too many things but there are tables along the north wall where you will occasionally find a chewing gum attached to the underside of the table. [laughter] one lady a day when had the baby in a front pack leaned over to read the label on point the, at which baby reached out and grabbed the chinese bowl on the table and threw it on the floor. The woman was mortified. She had not anticipated her baby would be so impressed with the collection. Unfortunately, it was a pair of bowls that were no longer a pair. So you have those kinds of things. At parties, sometimes you have people who leave their mentors at home or do not have any. Im not sure what. Us one nightld they walked into the blue room and there was a glass of red wine in the middle of the sofa. Maybe somebody got up and left it there but that was an accident waiting to happen. Said there wasey a man in the red room with his feet on the sofa. The butler was like, what do you say . Do you go in and say, excuse me, sir, are you a blank . Liee is sick and needs to down, that is one thing but that is not good behavior. So it is a remarkable attribute to the quality of early american craftsmanship that the pieces hold up. You come to party and use it on the chairs and you walk on the carpets and eat off of the china. We have glass tops on most of the tables in the public rooms save thet is easier to spill of an alcohol of beverage alcoholic beverage if it is rolling off the top instead of eating through the finish. But we have to reupholster things more often in the average museum does. Now we do not tacked to the original frame, we tack to we tack to additional upholstery materials. You work on an work with conservatives conservators. We have someone who is assigned to the support facility which cares for furniture and other things in the house. So there is a difference between the public rooms and private rooms. A comparison between the kennedys and obamas is there is now a young Family Living in the white house. Does it change your role to have teenagers and dogs running about . Bill we have been really fortunate. These are great kids and a great dog. [laughter] there has not been any reports of damage of any sort as a result of childhood exuberance or doggy behavior. Times when you wonder, what can you say to a first lady if she picks a piece of the storage because she wants to put it in a childrens room and you are thinking, cannot you pick something less important or less easily damaged . Most of the time i think they honest they want advice. They do not want bad things to happen on their watch. That is why the public rooms are administered partly by our office but also by the committee of the preservation of the white house, basically to replace mrs. Kennedys Fine Arts Commission with a structured organization. Their goal is to preserve the rooms and prevent the family from getting blamed for change. Changes happen because we collectively decide on them, and it should not be laid on the first lady. It should be the committees job to take the heat. But that private quarters are still things in the white house collection so we have to deal with the fact that those things go up and in some cases the fact that we do not dispose of isthing from our collection so that a new first family can come in and maybe they would like to pick a treatment renovation or reproduction table to put next to the bed with a water glass on it. We will begin to take questions from the audience in a minute. Please line up at the microphone. They mention at one point 3 million visitors 50 years ago. How many visitors now come through on the public tours . Bill about 700,000. A loss ofnot reflect president kennedys optimism. I do not think we can handle twice that many. But after september 11, the white house closed. We were not open to tours at all and then it gradually reopened. Habit, in the original daisy just lined up. In the original days you just lined up. Gaveu didnt get in, they comp tickets. But now you have to go to your congressperson and submit information to be cleared through the secret Service Database so it has cut down about 50 on visitation. Most museums and Historic Sites would die for 700,000 visitors a year. So we are still the most visited Historic House in the world, i think. Tom we have a question. In the original broadcast, mrs. Kennedy showed a shop in which a poster and was done on upholsterinhich uposter a poster holstering was done on site. To find out or research . Grandparents had a furniture renovation business. , may be just work a piece. It is something i have wanted to research to find out. Just it was not exclusively done by larry in the cabinet making shop. Sources, outside especially when making reproductions. It was done by an outside firm and sent to an outside upholsterer. We are welcome to have an inquiry and we can look back in the files. The paperwork back then might not be as thorough as today. They were trying but they were overflowing with things happening at the time. People come to us all the time with the story that this grandmother said a peace came from the white house. We know there were sales and it was possible and we try to answer them as thoroughly as possible. We cannot say for certain but we cannot deny. I dont think my grandparents were very good record tapers. Record keepers. Maybe history detectives could help. [laughter] i am interested if you have stories of vips trying to take souvenirs home with them and how your staff deals with that. , you stop putting spoons on the table that say president s house on them. Ones put on last the table and the butlers do not clean it up and they cannot monitor people are putting the spoons in their pockets. That is one way. [laughter] there are stories i cannot confirm of political figures putting a trade down their pants to try to escape with a piece of silver. [laughter] every year, we are required by law to do an annual inventory of everything in the house. We have 50,000 objects in our collection. Possibly 30,000 of them are tableware. Every fork, glass, dish. Some might be breakage or gone down the Garbage Disposal and in the trash. And some might have been purloined. If there are collectors of thingsntial china of that was fine for them to have because prior to recent times, china was broken down and they would have sold it in the 19th century or given it away. One time telltor me president kennedy tried to theyhim a cup and saucer were drinking out of in the oval office and he was like, no, mr. Kennedy. That is a secondhand story. But the president and first lady are very careful with things today. But we have a lot of guests. I have two questions. One, did mrs. Kennedy have a curator such as yourself in house when she was there . She mentioned a painting bought from a museum in the dining room. I know there are a number of other paintings borrowed from various collections and her time. ,s that something she innovated and is it being carried on today . Bill yes, she had a curator. Mrs. Pierce was borrowed from the smithsonian. She worked for about a year and then four curators before me after her. That makes me sixth in the line. So there has been a presence ever since mrs. Kennedy started the Museum Program that we have to have at least one professional person. She had two other women with lorraine pierce because they were receiving letters, objects, offers of things, and they needed to process the same way best today to keep the possible records and to do the research to try to document whether they wanted something or not. The borrowing of paintings happens. Had loan we paintings in the Truman Administration from a National Gallery or someplace in washington. Maybe the Washington Museum was her massachusetts contact. She had the two paintings in the state dining room and that is the only time there has been more than one painting in the state dining room. The portrait of lincoln is the principal art object in the room. The walls were she hung the paintings, the sconces had been and they have been moved to the walls where they seem to better belong. So now there is no room to hang another painting. But we borrow as needed. Sometimes for the private quarters. Rooms to have the public focus on the nation. On the state floor there is a portrait of mrs. Munroe that belongs to the monroe family mrs. Monroe that belong to the monroe family. A portrait of Dolley Madison was on loan and we finally talked the museum into selling us a work from the collection. It fit better in the white house. The what we borrow obamas are interested in modern art that we do not have in our collection so there are paintings we have borrowed from the National Gallery for their private quarters and oval office to fulfill their desires. I have two questions. My first question is under which president since kennedy has there been an has there been the most change to the white house . Bill the Nixon Administration was probably the largest number of objects acquired, even more than the kennedy administration. Mrs. Nixon admired witnesses kennedy had done and wanted to improve and increase the collection and take a credit for it. Not need to god out and asked people to donate because she set the standard for what every first lady could rely on public understanding. She hired a curator, the man who hired me. Kept arked very hard and lot of kennedy things and changed out things in other rooms. But the pieces are permanently and will come back into use as different president s choose from them. On the Art Collection, it was interesting when you were talking about the builders and how you paired the painting which is more modern with a slightly more traditional. As tastes change and we get further away from the modern art period and more contemporary art, how do you mix in pieces from that time period that might not necessarily match with the style and the rest of the house . Asi do not think we are locked into style issues as people once were perhaps. We were plenty of paintings going into these rooms that were 60 years later than the style of the room but because they were traditional paintings, they were accepted as being all right. When this is kennedys portrait arrived, it was exceptionally controversial. Very impressionistic, fulllength picture of mrs. Kennedy. When it arrived people said it looked like she was wearing her pajamas. She looks like a ghost. It was a hard picture for people to accept because it was an unusual style for a portrait. I think we will have the day when we want to hang Jackson Pollock in the green room and we will have to decide if thats ok. It will be the scale of modern art rather than the style that might be a hindrance for us. Do you want to give up an entire wall to one painting when you could otherwise hang for paintings four paintings . It will come. Maybe not on my watch. I do not know i will be there when the great Jackson Pollock arrives. [laughter] tom we do not want to promote , those whosecrets watch National Treasure movies, there are secret compartments. But the next time one of us go to the white house, what is a small thing we could look for that a normal visitor might not know of . One intricacy of the house that would have us take a look and see . Bill while. Wow. That is like the question, what is your favorite object in the house . 9 11, the favorite object would be something i could carry under my arm when the supersecret carry under my arm when the secret service told us to get out. That is tough. Story on the painting i showed you. It is a great painting. It was in the pages collection until his death. It is a friend asleep under a mosquito net but it hangs in a room where most of the portraits are president s or first leaders and it is first ladies and it is the depiction of a person and with the mosquito net, most say,e will come in and which first lady is dying in the painting . [laughter] they assume it is a shroud. In the red room, there are sconces that flank the sofa on eagle hasall and the a chain in its mouth with the ball on the end. They were made in england. Ofy figured after the world 18 to it after the war of 1812, if you make it with eagles, americans will buy it. [laughter] people wonder what the ball and chain mean. One of our tour officers, members of the secret service, when asked the question what it means, and i was in the room at the time and witnessed him saying it. Chains you pull the two simultaneously and can flush all of the toilets in the white house. [laughter] i was in the back of the room going, no so you can look for those sconces. [laughter] tom thank you so much for coming. [applause] from George Washington to george w. Bush, every sunday at 8 00 p. M. Eastern we feature the presidency, a series exploring the president , politics, policy, and legacy. We were watching American History tv every weekend on cspan3. The president s. 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