Including a ira allen saw the potential of Burlington Bay as a court sitting. Lake champlain flows north a Lake Champlain flows into the st. Lawrence which gives at burlington, interestingly enough, even though it is an inland place, access to the ocean. Saw that ands became interested. The area did not take off despite the attempts by ira importantake this an place by putting the university here, making it the shire town of Chittenden County with the courts and so on. 1820d not take off until three whitney Champlain Canal was finished which connected the southern and of Lake Champlain to the hudson river. It opened up all of those markets to the south of vermont. One historian has said that before 1823, Lake Champlain tipped north. After 1823, it tipped south. Burlington grew tremendously in the 1820s. Having said that it grew tremendously, the population in 1830, 7 years after the canal only 3000 but in 1800 it had only been about 1000. So it was about a prosperous it was a prosperous little place 1820s. Ive have resize the word little. In the 1840s, because of this connection, this one away and somen to canada, very entrepreneurial types saw some potential for bringing canadian lumber up the river down to burlington. Burlington that time was being systemed to the railroad , which was of course in its embryonic form. Railroads were just being introduced in this country the 1830s and 1840s but to Railroad Lines came in to burlington by the 1840s. So the railroads had the potential of people bringing down either raw timber or lumber, lumber that was building canada, into wellington and transported onto Railroad Cars and shipped to place itself. That also meant people that made various products out of wood, for example broom handles, shoe lasts, window frames, doors, right . Area toracted to the come in and set up shop. They set up shop just behind and to the west of me on the lake. That would came in, it was either melt year and then made into goods and shipped out or it was shipped to markets south is finished lumber. Burlington, in the late 1830s, textile mills had been established in burlingtons twin town because it is right across the river a townrlington and it is with big wool and textile mills. Besides being a lumber town, burlington was also a textile town. Carry her linkedin through the difficult times when off ander taken fell not lumber business grew theendously beginning with civil war. Beginning with the 1860s, right up to the end of the century. Specifically up to the early 1890s. There is one man who was primarily responsible for that. A fellow by the name of Lawrence Martins figured out if you put that lumber on Railroad Cars and there is money to be made, a well loved philanthropist who buildings in the town. In the 1890s there was a real dropping off and lumber trade. That was obviously a tricky time for burlington. Ironically, it was the world wars that carried burlington because of those textile mills. The textile mills in winooski were making a heavy will in clot that were made into blankets for heavylitary, topcoats, materials. Sadly for burlingtons history, all know in new england, could not compete with the low labor costs and the low the costs of mills in south. You did not have to he a lot of mills in the south like you had new england. And so millwork begin to dry up and in 1954, the big mills here in winooski shut down. 3000 workers were out of work and that was probably one of the real low history, burlingtons the 1950s. Fortunately, there was a group of businessmen, the publisher of newspaper, who put their heads together, created a Development Company and this is a case where it really worked. And began trying to figure out, how do we bring jobs to the burlington area. Burlington in the 1950s was a pretty sleepy little town at certainly not the place it has become the last 20 years or so. These businessmen who got together, with a decided to do was they would building stateoftheart facility that a business could move into. As luck would have it, just as gb ic was looking for a tenant for this facility, ibm indicates he, new york, was looking for an expansion facility to build its chips and chose this facility. That was kind of a game changer. Burlington but the whole burlington area because it jobs. T in goodpaying you know, a lot of professionals. At the same time, a lot of those mill workers that had been put out of work on the textile mills closed could become wine workers in the manufacturing of the also which were goodpaying jobs. So old and son there was an fusion of new money, new energy area. Ame into the at its height, ibm come around 1935, 1980, employed it a thousand more 900 or 9000 or 9000 employed 8000 people. Ibm is no longer here but it was namedought by a Company Global industries and they are still in business. Because of that excitement, that money that came into the city, because of the fantastic growth of the university, the university now has 14,000 students or so. 1950, it hadtly as about 3000. That has been a major drive in the local economy. Hospital, aversity private hospital initially funded in the 1880s, it has grown tremendously. So burlington became the surprisingly sophisticated place and of course as probably many of your viewers know, and the last 25 years or so, Burlington Environmental magazines, outdoor magazines, possibly have named it as one of the best places to live in the United States and certainly i think most people here would agree with that except for maybe in the months of march and april when there is still snow on the ground. We talked about the local lit economy. One of the significant individuals in the burlington economic history was the man who this home. Uilt it is now an office but he built an as a home in the early 1840s. Name was timothy, oldtimers would refer to this place as the house, but now it is named after a Real Estate Company that owns it. Timothy was an interesting man, born in bennington in the 1800s. Came up to the university of vermont. He was in one of the first graduating classes at uvm. Like Lawrence Barnes and ira forwardo was very much thinking he saw what was going to happen to burlington whitney Champlain Canal opened in 1823. He kind of jumped careers at that point and he became a shipping magnet. He and another partner built a peter down at the bar they builtor down at the pier down at the canal. Timothy followed to and his partner probably controlled 90 of the shipping on the lake. Unfortunately in the 1840s he mistakeerious business although you would not of at the time. He understood that he was in the Transportation Business and so he saw this new thing coming theg, roads and he became leading investor and proponent of bringing a Railroad Line from over on the east side of the lake where lines were already coming up from boston, the east side of boston along the connecticut river, he would build a line connect to those burlington. O he did that. He built a line that came into 1847, 1848. N about that, he was a little bit premature in the sense that that logging business that would 1850s andthe late particularly in the 1860s, was not quite there yet and so follett ended up with a line this town of 3000 people and there was no traffic. It was a very expensive line to build because you had to go to the mountains. So timothy follett, one of the two wealthiest men in burlington and the 1830s and 1840s, thus his home is a relic of his wealth, he basically in the early 1850s goes bellyup. He is improv first. He dies. Impoverished. He dies. Burlington has produced some interesting political characters. When i have been intrigued with by years as a man by the name of burke. Dmund she was born in the 1850s, loads the trait of a blacksmith, moves to burlington around it 1870 when he is 20yearsold or so and he is a blacksmith. Whereop was not far from we are standing. Probably a block or two over. He gained a reputation as the honest blacksmith. He gets involved in politics, first as an alderman representing this area on the hey council and in 1903 takes on the republican establishment, right . The republicans, who were basically the railroad people, the textile mill people, the real Business Class had control of the town. But the town that really become very diverse. You know, we talk about diversity today as being more of a racial diversity are gender diversity but in those days you had irish and frenchcanadian and a fairly Large Jewish Community and burlington, you had italians, lebanese. Those peoplel of voted democrat and in 1903 they voted for burke and burke became the Second Democratic mayor since the civil war and certainly the first Irish Catholic mayor. There would be a fairly long succession of irish mayors. Be mayor onandoff, not consecutively, until the 1930s. The last time burke was elected, 86yearsold. He was elected in the midst of the depression because people wanted to shake things up, right . There was so much poverty. He was also niches and character in the sense he was very much a progressive. He wanted an efficient government. Facilitiesityowned so that private concerns would not be gouging the public but he was also socially very, very conservative. One year he heard that am a goldman, thema extreme left wing radical is coming to town and her advance man had rented a hall in the old burlington, the workingclass section of town and half an hour before she was scheduled to show up to speak, book shows up with two policemen armed and simply says you are not going to speak in burlington. He was an interesting man that way. Like i said, socially very conservative but in Many Political ways, a progressive. But much beloved it in the town. Then of course, in terms of personalities who have gone on too much bigger things, you had Bernie Sanders. Vermontad come to 1970s. In the early as many people did, right . For mont already had that i have a place to get back to the earth, back to your roots, be a real person, get away from corporate america. Burning was part of that movement. Was through the 1970s. One bernie threw his hat into the ring, a race for governor, yes, i am in. Rays of house of the representatives . Guess, im in. He was a little bit of a laughingstock at he had a very clear message i think as we knew. He was very much for the working people, for the issues that concern working people. In 1981 in a fluke election, there had been an incumbent mayor, i gordon with a frenchcanadian background. He had been mayor for quite a number of years, he again was oneg to run but there was of the members of the old dickie boveunity, who have it nice Italian Restaurant here in the county for years, there had been a and he decided to run as an independent. Innie sanders throws is that the ring as an independent, the Bernie Sanders throws his into the ring as an independent. Both took enough votes from him bad Bernie Sanders one need marrow election i think it was about one need marrow wone th won the Mayoral Election with a very narrow margin. He brought in great people to be in the post and set the groundwork for burlington becoming the progressive city. Something that we and burlington have known over the years that might not be so readily apparent to someone who is visiting burlington, vermont, is at the demised by a saying, a joke, if you will, that we will pass around from time to time. The line is Something Like this the nicest thing about burlington is that it is so close to vermont. And the reason it is meaningful is because i think everyones image of vermont, and even those of us who live in it is of this rural state, maybe even a little backward in its ways. Maybe a picture of america that used to exist but does not exist burlingtonre in fact is an extremely sophisticated place it is sophisticated on a . Ery small scale, right we have a population of 41,00042,000. It you have courts here. Forhave the main offices most vermont businesses of any size you have a very educated population here. This backward rural place that people think of when they think of vermont. Announcer our cities tour staff recently traveled to burlington, vermont, to learn about its rich history. Learn more at cspan. Org\cities tour. Youre watching American History tv, all weekend every weekend on cspan3. Monday night on the communicators, talking about the. K irresistible what they say is, we know the dangers of technology. They dont say anything like, we have built special mechanisms that of cooked people. But that is the message you get, never get by on your own supply. If you know people and you know what the dangers are, you dont want the people you love to be affected by. Watch the communicators monday night on cspan2. History tv is on cspan3 every weekend, featuring museum tours, archival films, and programs on the presidency, the civil war, and more. Here is a clip from a recent program. The flag. Teresting in to follow up on something david said we have changed attitudes on the public display of the flag and to take it down. But if you look at polling data, what the flag stands for, racism has not changed. If you look at polling data, our understanding about whether the war was about slavery has not changed. If we take all of the monuments down without the deliberative confrontation of what we have never faced which is the role of slavery in american society, but it may be a good thing it is a good thing that has not gone far enough. Can watch this and other American History programs on our website where all of our videos archive. That is cspan. Org\history. The historic train station just outside of burlington, vermont, where cspan is learning more about the industry. Join us as we board the locomotives and rail and take a look at the real history of vermont. The train are at station at the museum. It was built in 1890 by dr. B for theeward web Railroad Service was central vermont well. It was principally built to help out with Passenger Rail service to this region but perhaps more significantly for the the webbs andf vanderbilts to be able to travel as they wish, to new york built forit was ne and served at rail service up until about 1953. The museum given to for posterity sake to allow other people to be able to see it. It is exhibited with much of the Railroad Memorabilia that you can see in these stations and it was part of the founders collection at the time. It was merged overland moved overland from shelburne to the museum, little less than one mile. The shortest move that had to happen for the building of the shelburne museum. This is a traveling Passenger Rail call, the grand isle builtin 1899 by the palace wegner card company just before changed ownership to the Pullman Company at that time. President of the butler railroad, dr. William seward webb also had use of this car up a passenger1950 as companypersonal use and business to get from different areas in the region and perhaps city the into new york other interesting notes about this car, it was also often used by a former vermont governor. It was given to him or he purchased it, i am not exactly sure. He would take the car to a place in canada where he had a summer camp and he would use it for transportation to their. It came into the museums the 1950slater in and it probably ran on a rigor basis up until about 1914. It had changed ownership to the former governor of the state of firm and with his use up into canada became part of the Railway System for a number of decades. It came to the museum in the around 1950 the son webbektra have her mayor webb wantedrmayer to show the capability the family had at their whim of their fingertips to go to the train station on a private car and go where they needed to go. This was something he wanted to bring to the museum and show how folks traveled and how those that his family had travel around the country. Brought here and was restored. Mahogany paneling was in it. Were just now really understanding the private aunts of this private car. The were just now provenanceing the of this car. Christ this is a 1915 mediumsized locomotive a 1915 or thereabouts mediumsized locomotive. It can pull 28,000 pounds from a starting point and get up to 1500 55 miles an hour with horsepower. That depended on the firemen and the engineer to build a proper fire to get that much steam out of it to get it going not fast. It is a 460 configuration. For file wheels, six driving wheels and to zero trailing wheels. We are very fortunate to have it here at the shelburne museum. It was actually the last locomotive to run in vermont on the central vermont rahway and it was often termed as the president cause locomotive. Passenger cars for calvin coolidge, herbert hoover, franklin d. Roosevelt, dwight eisenhower, it even had a pulling for Winston Churchill when he was visiting from canada to the United States. Passengerh and service. Which was not common for steam locomotives, which means it had a hook up for steam heat in the Passenger Car. That is why was also used for president sursions, worse. It had a capability of hooking up to a special Passenger Car or private rep car and holding it on the track. Announcer our cities for staff recently traveled to burlington, vermont, to learn about its rich history. Learn more at cspan. Org cities tour. You are watching American History tv all weekend every weekend on cspan3. Proximity five years gone november 8, 1940 two, british and American Forces launched operation torch, the invasion of north africa then occupied i germany. Next on reel america, tunisian victory, world war ii propaganda film on the north african film will produce id british and u. S. Governments and released in early 1944. Teens,umentary uses, animated maps, recovered footage, and alternates with british and american narrators. In 1943 when approximately 275,000 axis soldiers surrendered. This is about 75 minutes