A family, table, but i would also argue food has a lot of commercial value, and identity has a lot of commercial value. Think about it. A lot of these protectionist mechanisms started in the 1990s with neoliberal globalized politics and economics. The neapolitan establishment organization is like this, and you cannot make it another way. They sell their cultural capital, national capital, digital capital. You have slow food at the same time. Something of culinary the sergeant came into vogue, and on the one hand the forces of food identity and patriotism and this intense marketing. Bulgarian, turkish, all of this stuff. There is a lot of money involved. Absolutely. Anya not to ruin everyones sentiment or anything. Once you look behind the taste and flavor of everything, it comes very political. You mentioned pizza margarita and how this authenticity, this idea of authenticity and hyper regional italian food started spreading, and chuck, in your book you started demonstrating how chinese food is a way for the people who have opened these restaurants to express their identity, to maintain it, to preserve it and create a sense of home, but there is a key difference there, and we talked about this a little bit, but how have the home countries from these places either encouraged or abandoned their diaspora communities . Anya it is a distinct question that i have not thought about. Just to Say Something about the diaspora communities, we have this cliche, and immigrant comes to another place and misses his moms food and offers a reference. Theory are commercial and sometimes it is nothing to do with home cooking, and sometimes the model is not the mom being left behind, but a person does a blog or open a successful Chinese Restaurant. There is an argument that italian was seen as a National Cuisine was born in diaspora, because there was no italy until the 1860s. It was a collection of municipalities. In 1860 initiative was created where one was not created before. All of these people emigrated because of poverty. They immigrated to southend north america and start opening places, and what was peculiar to naples becomes more of an all italian thing. Meanwhile what is happening in italy, they encourage them to get second citizenship. They create commercial organizations encouraging consumer patriotism, so all of those italians are buying parmesan and tomatoes from italy , so they are kind of making a lot of business there. There is a society who teaches new standard italian, florin time italian florentine italian. Meanwhile, china, nothing. So it is a very different sense of patriotism and association with home. Chuck chinese food actually i call it a misnomer, because china has officially recognized 55 ethnic minorities within its boundaries. The uighurs, and of course they each have their own distinctive cuisine, and at 92 of the 1. 5 billion chinese are of an ethnicity like me. We also have our own regional cuisines from the north and the west and the east and so forth. And throughout the 5000 year history, others get comingled, and you cannot tell anymore whether this is from this ethnicity or that ethnicity, so for lack of a better term, when we exported around the world, this is like the generic chinese food, and of course in america the first wave of immigrants came from southern china, so everybody here would have tasted the chinese american food, which has its origin in guangdong province, so it is not until the 1970s and 1980s when i went to new york and i tasted the first hunan restaurant that came to north america, and of course, that is when i discovered myself because i had been eating cantonese food all of my life. I did not know there was such a thing as hunan food. In new york, i had my first hunan cuisine, which is just two provinces away from me, so that is the kind of thing, a very complex formation story of Chinese Restaurants. And as you go across that balloon and around the world, then you get information from what i call globalized chinese food. We talk about there is a National Dish in french soup in madagascar. It is nothing but won ton soup. It was brought in by chinese immigrants and adopted as the National Cuisine, and people eating for breakfast, for dinner, and for lunch, and i guess we can talk about chicken tikka masala as the National Food of england and general tsos chicken was never heard of before in china, but it is a new york invention. Chicken tikka masala, that was not random. It was adopted as the british National Dish because it came out of the diaspora and it was really popular, but the British Government and british authorities made a conscious effort to replahest beef , why . Because they wanted to show it was part of her tenure brittania, these things happen, not always, but often. It is marketing and branding, nation branding. How as a nation do you want to present your image to the rest of the world . In britain, we are all about multiculturalism. From a different angle that chicken fried rice you discovered in india. Can you tell that story . Cheuk i travel to india and open the menu and saw singaporean fried rice. I am from singapore and i never heard of that. There was fried vermicelli. We do not have that in singapore. What people think of, because they put a little bit of curry in there. That is singaporean. They call it singaporean fried rice. I was surprised to find that on the menu in india. It is that kind of adaptation that you talk about, but also about boundaries. Ie rice is a very typical chinese invention, but i argue fried rice is the most versatile dish you can have. You can have vegan fried rice, no pork, and all kinds of things, and of course the indians invented the singaporean fried rice. Anya this begs the question of what is authentic . It is all relative to mmunities toernalize it as singaporean fried rice and to eat it all the time or the africans who eat the soup. It is an authentic part of their diet, and we still argue that it is not. Cheuk i can tell you a story about a Chinese Restaurant in toronto. It is a Minority Ethnic Group that are all around the world and they spread all over the place. South pacific, caribbean, south america, everywhere else, and they went to india for maybe a couple hundred years, so a lot of these people now migrated into toronto. They opened what they call a basically indian version of chinese food, so if you go to any restaurant in toronto, you will not see chinese there. You will only see south asian taxi drivers or a family, because if you ask them, that is the chinese food they know what home. Back in india, so you know therein lies the whole thing about it is authentic to them, the authentic chinese food to an indian person would be the one they would cook in india, so when they come searching for homecooked chinese food, that is what they are looking for. Yeah, these ideas of authenticity, it is sort of why we have moved away from the search for authenticity, because it does not matter. The bottom line is deliciousness. Cheuk, you started your journey going to Chinese Restaurants directly, but you did not just eat food in Chinese Restaurants. Sometimes you had family meals with restaurant owners, and any a, you wait in all different kinds of places. What are the differences between food made in a home and food made in a restaurant . Cheuk a cliche way of saying is is you get too much oil in your restaurant or you have too much msg anger chinese food. There is obviously home cooking that your mom makes all your grandmother makes that you do not serve your customers, because that is not what they are looking for. So a lot of times we end up eating a meal with the staff, because after the customers have gone home, you do not have to make what they want to eat, so you start making homecooked meals for your own. That is when we have the best food obviously. Whatever it may be. But, in a sense, i think in a tiny Chinese Restaurant, what they try to do is to adopt what they know. Ok, we used to eat this dish. Lets try it on our customers, and customers might take, oh, we want more chili, so you start adapting. Ok, general tsos chicken came from the fact that a shift from hunan was working in a Chinese Restaurant and he decided to make something called general tsos chicken. The general is a real person but he never had his own chicken before. That is i would became an american food. Anya a lot of the places i wrote about, something that you do not necessarily make it home. There is this kind of professionalization of the Food Industry, and this is very often the public space of any given cuisine, and a lot of the dishes do not exist at home, or people do not make them. And how you kind of salad and commercialize it and presented to the rest of the world is very different from what you eat in the confines of your own home. Some public foods, burgers, pizza, and there are private foods that you make is part of a family meal, and of course, you can make anything as part of a family meal, but i think to me there are very different aspects of cooking and eating. Cheuk i never thought about it, but that is very true. The public space and chinese food that you see. Anya i live in this incredibly multicultural neighborhood in new york, and we have a thai temple, and at 11 00 every day, people, and feed the monks. The monks are a branch of buddhism where you kind of just sit. They cannot decide anything. You will just bring the food, and they cannot express any interest, but there is so much food. The lady was like they actually like movies and mint chocolate, there is this massive amount of fried food. Everyone was going to the kitchen and eating it. I was always shocked at how completely different the home cooking. You have a lot of blood, a lot of pork, a lot of these things that you just cannot even imagine you would ever see at the restaurant, because there is this kind of sense there is a sense of boundaries, right . A lot of diaspora, ok, we cannot serve this food to americans. And they are not going to eat blood. They are not going to read this. It is a very different expression of eating. And of identity, right . The public facing the restaurant, what you decide is safe enough to present, and the private, what is really home, what you really are. Anya, you touched on this earlier about how long young aliens, and well before National Identities we had a strong connection to religion. We think of food is something that brings us together, but it is also been a powerful tool of exclusion. What are ways where they just have touch interNational Cuisine . Things that you touched on in your book but also your research elsewhere. Anya nations are really something of the 19th century, but before that you had all of this other kind of identification, right . You were identified according to your religion, your ethnic clan, your language, and religion is one of the strongest sources of prohibition and taboos, because think of the jews and the muslims who cannot eat pork. Think of the catholics, and i have a story which is very fashionable, and how much is tied to catholicism, because after the jews were expelled from spain in 1492 and the muslims had to go underground, how did you measure the sincerity of ones conversion, because whoever stayed, they had to convert, but were they really good catholics . So the inquisition, believe it or not, as all of this depth. People would report. I read about inquisition proceedings from the 15th and 16th century, and food is such a powerful identifier. Oh yeah, she looked at the bacon and she looked disgusted, so she must be a fake catholic. You could get waterboarded or set on fire. Religion is a really powerful indicator of this expression of what we eat. Cheuk i think it is less so in china, just because china has its own religion, but there is nothing compared to buddhism that came in 680 as a buddhist if you do not eat meat, that is fine. There are also jews that came in. They settled in one part of china, and of course, they have their own dietary restrictions, but that is fine. The chinese are more kind of welcoming of diverse eating habits than i think most europeans. And adaptable, right . You talk about the muslim communities that the chinese became a part of and it became part of their identity, but you they change their cuisine for that as well. Cheuk they eat pork and no alcohol in the restaurant. They come in demanding port, and we turn them away, because that is the way modernity is encroaching on everybody. I went to back up a little bit. Why do you think people open restaurants . Cheuk survival for me. I think for chinese. Anya yeah, do you mean ethnic diasporas . Ethnic diasporas. Anya i think a lot of it has to do with survival. You see different diasporas operating differently. For instance, a lot of hispanic people work already in the restaurant industry, right . So they kind of come across this and go back to the neighborhood and open. I see for instance in my neighborhood, we have a very intense and kind of fashionable where it is young people and to go back to bangkok on the take a cooking class and they sort of create a space where they do desserts. For some people it is just a way to provide nourishment. We left without the right of return and had to abandon our citizenship. Russian jewish [indiscernible] it was the only way we could eat the food that we missed, but ultimately you have to make money. They create these other communities. That is something we were talking about earlier today about how you avoided chinatown senior research. Talk a little more about that. Cheuk [indiscernible] [laughter] cheuk when i made the film i wanted to break the stereotype barrier. Just like when i asked my publisher not to bring any chinese stuff on my cover. I do not want golden dragon, that on my cover, because i went to break the cliche of what chinese food is, and to a lot of north americans chinese food is almost always associated with chinatown, and i just want to get up from there, and besides, you get more interesting stories going outside of chinatown than i did my north american story in a little town out of saskatchewan. 1000 people, but there are two Chinese Restaurants there, and there are stories about anyway, i will not go into that, but it is kind of and that story was like, the Chinese Restaurant was open very late, so teenagers coming after the movie for coffee, apple pie, so it became a community center, and i wanted to show that kind of of the rule especially an ethnic restaurant served as a community gathering. You are going to these italian restaurants and see italian men coming in and having big family meals, and that is there community center. So i wanted to show that aspect. Anya the aspiration, part of making it is attracting people outside of the diaspora. You made it big [indiscernible] a sign of success. [laughter] we talked about how it is impossible to talk about food without talking about politics. Both of you address this very directly in your epilogue. You can talk about that a little bit. Cheuk do you want to go first . Anya yeah, so my book is in six chapters. It went through paris, naples, istanbul to look at all of these National Dishes and these multicultural neighborhoods. My idea was to do an american feast, to do thanksgiving in this neighborhood where there were 186 languages, but then the war broke out in ukraine, and everything changed. I started this book comfortable with my own global cosmopolitanism as a russianspeaking jew, and out there was this conflict. Food is always part of these things, and my epilogue is about borscht, which is a slavic soup that we all make in the slavic world that i grew up eating. My moms borscht was sitting in my fridge, but the ukrainians can claim correctly that it is their National Dish. There was this bad who does it belong to spat, who does it belong to . It brought this National Identity and food is this sort of visceral thing, and it just exploded. I pondered who does borscht belong to and can you make a cultural claim to this . It has an intangible heritage. Part of it was starting to relinquish who i was, because i hated putin so much and so did my mom. I felt somewhat guilty. I saw that my ukrainian friends were not talking to me, and the idea that we would one day eat together just exploded. I asked if russians and ukrainians whatever eat borscht together. The ukrainians will win this work, and the russians will lose this work. I also asked myself was i guilty of any kind of cosmopolitanism as a russian person thinking about ukraine . It led to a lot of soulsearching, and it just shows how politics puts food front and center in ways that are not always benign and are not always comforting, and the idea for me just kind of blew up, but it was an important conversation. Cheuk my book is actually all about politics, the politics of immigration, the politics of racism, and laying things out. When i started writing the book, it was also because a lot of Syrian Refugees were coming in. Iraqi refugees, so the north American Society was looking again at the whole immigration compared to the turnofthecentury, last century where a lot of chinese and japanese immigrants coming in or italian and greek, so in that sense it is about immigration, but then in terms of chinese immigration, they bring together with them their history. So i talk a lot about the chinese civil war, mao zedong, communist china, and of course all of the politics that are involved in it. [indiscernible] a person who escaped to vietnam, and that is all about the vietnam war, so it is all about those things coming together, and then i start writing earnestly during covid, and my agent says, you have to write about antiasian racism, because that was after george floyd and all that stuff and the pandemic came, and the asians were being blamed for the flu that came in, and so forth. I said, ok, what i will do is i will address the antiasian racism directly, because the racism that i addressed before was Railroad Workers coming in to build railroads for north america and other stuff, but now i am dealing with a modern day antiasian racism that again i dealt with the japanese internment camps during world war ii. That was the last wave of antiasian, because the japanese were treated as enemy aliens, and they were all put into internment camps during world war ii, so when that sense i am trying to address modernized racism into current times. I really appreciated how you both wove in your personal narratives in your own changing sense of identity as you did this research and reporting and travel. It made you question your own worldviews and that really insightful and powerful. We have done a lot of talking about these sort of broad topics. I write about food and recipes and cooking in a really small way, and i wanted to rescue do you think that thinking deeply about what we eat actually can access to others . We always are saying to sit down at the table together, everything will be ok. We can solve the worlds problems over a meal. Is that Wishful Thinking . Anya [indiscernible] we are going to eat and resolve everything. It is a very hopeful and very potent trope that food brings us together, and i actually started researching how where does it come from, and people travel a lot for political reasons, so you have someone that came in to make some kind of pco, but it really does have to do with people traveling for and before you killed them, you had to feed them. This idea of sharing food, and also these communities even in preneolithic times. I recently visited some sites. Food was a sign of power, and distributing it. Food was sacrificial, right . So there are so many symbolic moments where food is important and that whole idea. Lets kill a lamb and divided between people in a hierarchical way, so that is with the whole idea comes from. But we want to believe that it is true. It is something important for us to believe in, because if we do not believe that we can share food and talk things over, what do we believe in . The world becomes really cynical. Cheuk there is a chinese proverb, food is human nature. To eat is human nature. I will mention the other. [laughter] the chinese, of course, leave in food and the whole medicinal of the chinese medicine practice comes from again, there is a saying that says disease comes from your mouth. You and just whatever comes from your mouth, but the cure comes when your mouth. As of the chinese believe a lot of herbal medicine, a lot of very natural cures, but mostly it is about qi, the life balance of yin and yang. I derive a lot, i broaden a lot from my own experience. I kind of watched my mother and say ok, that is fine. Your grandmother, your mother would say do not eat this, do not eat that. You will get a sore throat. You will get diarrhea, you know. The chinese have a big leaf and food can carry you, but it is also to give you the life balance, yin and yang balance in your own volley body. There is food i cannot eat because im this type, and there is food that i should eat more because it will help me with this and so forth. It is all those kinds of things you learn lifelong just subliminally and osmosis. Anya food has astonishing power as a symbol, as a commercial thing. We eat at least three times a day, so we invest with whatever you want to invest in. It is historical, personal, intimate, public, and it is just an amazing vehicle to talk about other things, which is what we have done in our book. We talk about all of the other aspects. That is a wonderful entry point, and food is communal, and on that note i went to open it up to questions from the audience. I am sure people have questions. Please come up to the microphones, and we will just switch out between the two sides. Yeah, please. You mentioned slow food earlier, and it is relatively well known worldwide, but probably not as wellknown as they would like it to be as part of this trending of returning to old foodways. Do you think that will be a fad or something that would disappear as we become more globalized, or do you think there is something comforting about returning to these historical foodways . Anya i think that absolutely there with a symbol of acting against globalization. It was something that was happening at the 1990s all over the place. The ransacking of mcdonalds and saying the culinary nostalgia movement, and it has been powerful and commercially extremely forceful. We see this explosion of small producers that sell their stuff for 79 for answers, and people buying it with the story. We want to attach a story to food, to produce, and if it is a story about some farmer that fought all of these annecy forces and prevailed, so much for the better, and it is a huge commercial engine at this point. We have talked a lot about food and how it connects to the diaspora. I myself am a member of the cuban diaspora, and when i talk about cuban food the first thing people talk about is a cuban sandwich, which does not actually exist in cuba. It has become such a big part of what we as cuban immigrants he is our food. In your journeys, and have you all experienced how food has brought the diaspora together and in a way isolated the countries which we are from . Anya i did a book about cuba, and believe it or not, the cuban sandwich is hugely trending in cuba. We invented it, so let me put blah, blah, and there is a name for this phenomenon. It is called the pizza effect. When something is invented abroad but comes back to its own country of origin as this thing. The cubans were saying we do not know with the cuban cabana is, and now theyre like, yeah, it is ours of course. Hi, first i want to say, both of your covers are amazing. They look great. I want them on posters. My question is after writing these books, has you are either at home cooking experience or the restaurants that you seek out, hell they change . Cheuk how my view of the restaurant as change . Is there anything that is changed in your culinary experience, either cooking or the restaurants that you seek out . Cheuk a lot of people ask me [indiscernible] and might die and of authenticity evolved. Right now if u. S. Me today, i would say it comes from your memory. What you grew up eating. That is authentic to you. For americans it might be authentic chinese food, but i will not judge whether, wow, you are not eating the right food. That is how i look at food these days. Instead of being very imperialistic chinese food. Anya for me, it is weird. It weirdly made me crave junkfood. The first thing i did when i came back to yorks had a new york slice and i was like, this is our size, and it is authentic, and i love it and i cannot be separated permit. Eating ramen from a packet. I love that. As i was reading her book, i got hungry so many times. I do not think you talked about geography having a huge role in what makes something authentic or italian versus german, and yet the geography of where certain vegetables can grow or where certain animals are raised has a big impact on what then becomes ethnic or original. Can you talk about that event . Cheuk i can about tomatoes. Tomatoes are a south american fruit. Without tomatoes, you do not have italian food. That is a cliche, that is true. So people think, in brazil, i was talking to my Chinese Restaurant owner. We talk about cashew chicken, a very typical chinese food, and i told him cashew is from brazil. Without cashew from brazil, you would have no cashew chicken, so that since you cannot say cashew chicken is chinese food because cashew do not go there. The chinese do not have broccoli. In that sense, so after a while, if you really want to delve into it nothing is true anymore, right . You just have to forget about everything and say tomatoes exist, so lets make pasta. That is my only answer to this whole anya as i was doing research on the creation of the idea of a National Dish, you have got to realize how extraordinarily globalized the food systems were even in the renaissance. If you went to a market in florence in the 16th century, especially if you were a part of the empire, all of these goods and commodities and foods were just moving around the globe tremendously, and there were powerful engines of commerce. Until the 18 century, the food of the aristocracy was very heavily spiced and there were status symbols. The idea of local food [indiscernible]. In france it starts coming into play. Before that the simple of status and power was to have all of those food all over the place while the poor people ate eggrolls. Cheuk spices drove european colonization of the rest of the world. That is where colonization came from, because people were looking for spices in india, and that led them to conquer the rest of the world. It is a history and politics. Thank you. Hi, you pointed out the stereotypical narrative of moms cooking, and that becoming an easy entry point into talking about ethnic food, and i believe you both mentioned to her maternal figures cooking in your life, how that has kind of light into your personal life. Interestingly, in the California Gold rush, the first people to own a restaurants and Chinese Restaurants were mostly men, and still in new york Asian American men are one of the most important forces behind operating these restaurants, so i was curious in your research how the Food Industry utilized narratives into increasing this commercial value that you said food has. Anya i think it is a very interesting question. I just did an interview about labor outside the u. S. Behind the maize tortilla. I think it goes culture by culture. Even commercial groups like thai restaurants, they would put a woman in charge of the kitchen. Most of the hispanic restaurants, men, and it is men who work in fancy restaurants, lets say manhattan or whatever, and in Chinese Restaurants mostly cheuk at that time during the gold rush there were no women, so your chinese person cooking chinese food in the Railroad Camps for the other workers, and then after the railroad is done, you move eastward and you settle in a town and you open a Chinese Restaurant. There are no women because of the chinese exclusion act both in the u. S. And canada for 50 years. Anya i would say that, in my experience, diasporas are very different and how they see food, and the businesses are very different from culture to culture, and the relationship to the home country is very different. It is a very interesting subject, but you are absolutely right that we started fetishizing the mama. Especially in italian culture. It is part of the national brand. Only time for one more question. I am so sorry. I know you are from singapore, and i went to to ask you about the king of fruit. I am convinced that only Chinese People like it. Am i wrong . Cheuk i dont know. Lets do a poll. I love durian. Anya it is more like malaysian. Cheuk singapores subway will not let you ring it into the car. [laughter] thank you so much, everyone, for coming. [applause] if you have a copy of the book, you can buy one if you do not income to the signing right after this. [indiscernible chatter] announcer thanks for joining us for the 2023 library of Congress National book festival. If you missed any of this years coverage or want to rewatch one of your favorite authors, the entire festival will reair later this evening. Find all of our book festival programs online apple tv. Org. Booktv. Org. Mark moreno argued the science on Climate Change is not settled, and legislation like degree new deal will do more harm than good. His book isgreen fraud. Author mark marino, what degree new deal is worse than you think. You write that degree new deal is an allencompassing transformation of society. What do you mean by that . In the book i lay out the division of the Green New Deal is not chiefly about climate or energy policy. What they are trying to do is remake society, quite literally every aspect of society, and that would include everything from health care, housing, racial justice, identity politics on dental art energy structure, transportation, home heating, your ability to travel. The entire spectrum of human life, they went to reengineered to make it earth friendly and this vision of equity, and that is going to require people turning over decisions that were previously held by the people to essentially unelected bureaucrats who will be managing every aspect of our lives, and i lay that out in the book down to what your thermostat can be at two smart meters down to your appliances. We are seeing what happens with dishwashers and washers and dryers. Even showerheads. Every aspect will be regulated, and it goes much deeper as well. There are calls for ending private car, roofing fleets of electric vehicles, assault on private homeownership, assault on the suburbs, so all of this is built into the right division of the Green New Deal and it means all of these things to progressives. Whenever a branch of the progressive wing is pushing this will be pushing different aspects of this, and that is why people are not realizing, this is a Climate Energy bill, i care about the earth. There is much more in it than that. Lets start with some of the environmental factors. You describe the Green New Deal as the ultimate wish list of the progressive environmental agenda. How specifically will degree new deal change our lives in your view . The first thing it is going to do is make energy more expensive, and we are already seeing that in mid 2021, because Energy Markets go by signals, and one of the first things that happened with this new administration is they sent a signal to the Energy Marketplace that we are not going to do the keystone pipeline, drilling on federal lands. Will be going after fracking. We will be shutting down traditional fossil fuel energy, which america in 2019 prepandemic we were leading the world, the largest producer of oil and natural gas. We had actually been the Biggest Energy producer as opposed to user since Harry S Truman was president. More exports than importance imports. Now we are not even energy independent. One of the first things we do in january 2021 is star shutting down this amazing American Energy renaissance of the last one point five decades chiefly led by fracking, and the way it will change our life immediately as Higher Energy costs and potentially inflation related to those Higher Energy costs. We are seeing the effects of gas prices and other factors. We have a sitting u. S. President now begging opec to increase oil production. This is a shock, because america was energy dominant just prior to all of this, and now we are begging. We also have russian oil imports reaching record levels, so this is shocking, and we will be turning over our Energy Dominance for reliance on chinese rare earth mining, which will be done by slave labor in china and human rights abuses in africa when they do mining for cobol and other Rare Minerals for things like solar powers, windmills, electric cars batteries. It will do nothing, not only for the climate or extreme weather as it is being sold, it will do nothing for mobile co2 emissions. It fails because benefit, it fails a sniff test, a logic test and a science test, a Public Policy test, and that is what my book goes through. It is perhaps one of the most illadvised plans ever designed and foisted upon the American People in decades at least. Are we facing climate catastrophe . Know, and that is one of the things i spent a lot of time in the book. I have a chapter devoted to the science, and i have a chapter devoted to the Climate Emergency at these claims. Starting out, one of the ways what they claim we face a Climate Emergency, and this is very well documented, and mainstream climate scientists are rebuking the National Climate assessment done during the President Trump administration and included activists from activist groups. They used extreme model scenarios to scare the public, and now these model scenarios by the original architects saying there were never meant to do it, so with current climate reality fell into alarm, what they have done embedded in these reports is used extreme model scenarios that is being wholesale rejected by the climate community, and they use those scenarios in order to scare the public to jenna Public Policy. We are facing the furthest thing possible from a Climate Emergency, and i go behind the headlines. If you look at a you and un press release, it is dire and scary and it is all about political lobbying. Even al gore said that un reports are torqued up to get allah lessee makers attention. The National Climate assessment and other government reports including eu reports, the u. K. Government, but as you look deep within the report, and i do in my book, i show you floods, hurricanes, droughts, tornadoes, wildfires even according to these reports that people cite as evidence of a Climate Emergency showed that there are no trends or declining trends on climate timescales, 30 years, 50 years, 100 years, so people can say california is evidence of an emergency. The heat wave in the south and northwest is evidence. Nonsense, epa did it shows up that 1930s with the heart heat wave in the united states, so anyone claiming this northwesterly wave is currently evidence of Climate Change, we are below the average 30 year temperature in satellite. There are many areas of cold. You look at all of these factors, there is no Climate Emergency. Announcer watch the full program anytime online on book tv. Org. Just search mark marino where the title of his book. Announcer