Launch of on the clock by emily. Please give her a round of applause. [applause] and we would also like to welcome jessica who will be joining emily on the stage or in the chairs. So powerhouse, where an independent bookstore so events like this help us stay here in changing neighborhoods. I encourage everyone to buy a book if you do not have one and im sure emily will be happy to sign them. So tonight we will hear a little reading from a book, conversation, q a and then the worst job reading. Before i bring them up let me read some bio. Emily guendelsberger has worked at the Philadelphia Weekly in the Philadelphia Daily News and contributed to the philadelphia inquirer, Washington Post, political magazine and vice, and jessica is a producer of nomad lynn, awardwinning journalist who focuses on subcultures in the dark corner of the economy. She has written for harpers magazine, New York Times and Washington Post and also teaches at Columbia School for journalism. Give them a round of applause. [applause] also, i know there is a couple people who meant to because they heard dan ginsberg for ten years, he still said my name wrong on the podcast. So do not feel bad about that even a tiny bit. I am going to start with the reading and thank you all for putting up with the broken ac. This one is from amazon. How many people have read this book or know what its about . Good, making sure. When my alarm goes off for my second day of thinking, its the worst my body has felt in my entire life. Im not unfamiliar with pain. As a kid away for years of complicated surgeries on my legs followed by nappy physical therapy, i broken bones and capacity migraines, playing rugby i was matched up against the woman named rhonda, it felt like those hit by garbage truck. Everything hurt. My feet are the worst but my back, shoulder arms and neck feel terrible too. My hips, knees and thighs ache. My right wrist, hand and fingers from operating the scanner gun. My right elbow aches from pulling open hundreds of doors. I even have a throbbing headache. Ive grown involuntarily as a force myself to swing my legs over the side of the bed. The carpet feels like is made out of knives but it force myself to win upstairs to the shower. Even before i make coffee as well a double dose of advil and pop a bottle in my purse for later. I will need it. The name of the full Moment Center i worked in, i popped advil like candy all day not having to bother to track with my last dose was. I dont talk to anyone at break or lunch, im too tired. My head pounds and i feel old. By the end of my shift im almost staggering from the stabbing pain in my feet and tried to lose the weight on the cart as i lose it. The next morning, i wake up feeling even worse. The day goes by in a blur of pain and exhaustion but i do remember checking my bracelet that i snuck in with curiosity at the end of the day to find it on the recorded about 7 miles. This time i am proud that it is wrong. It kept swinging back and forth because my hands are pushing the cart. Whatever, who cares. I fell asleep and my close again. The next morning, i somehow wake up feeling even worse. I make it through lunch but an hour later a stabbing pain in my feet has spread up through my legs and hips and every time the scanner has me swat entrance want him to get from a lower drawer its harder to force myself back up. Finally i do a full squat to retrieve an item from a bottom drawer. My body says stand up i order my legs. But is fed up with the abuse. Stand up you idiot, my brain screams and i go backwards into a sleeping position but its not happening. I might as well run my feet while im down here. I start to take off my shoes and slightly horrified to find my feet are so swelling there straining my solutions, untying them feel simply good. A simple part is reinforced by my scanner which is notified me and 0 seconds remaining to take my next item. If you think i try to rub life back into my feet how many minutes can i get away with before time algorithm to the manager. It could take 15 minutes to get to a bathroom and back, if i keep it under 15 minutes maybe itll look like a bathroom break. I want to leave this so i do. I realize that this gang gun gps gave me away. I reached for the little bottle of advil and find out im down to my last two. How do the hopper. I consider taking one now and save the other for later but if i cared about future emily i would not give her future stomach ulcers of ibuprofen. I swallowed the pills. Several minutes later my brain goes over my legs. I ho myself to my knees and proceed initially and will to the next stop. Of course the last two advil were off with three hours left on my shift and i curse as a stabbing pain starts up again. Eventually i have to get something from a top shelf and i cannot get back out. This time i almost not off when my back against the corporate shelf. The get up you idiot yelling at myself. The thought of giving fired and giving up is awful. The thought of getting fired and starting this process all over again is awful. The thought of going through more hours without something for the pain is awful. I sit on the floor wayne my awful options into my shock i start to cry crying on the job is a common thing amazon workers regardless of gender. I so wish i had room for all the stories are read and heard but since base is limited here is one example. I worked for a Catering Company contracted by amazon for a thanksgiving meal for every amazon employee for every shift. This was a 24 hour gig each shift had three or four groups the following amazon employees seemed totally unfazed and active this is nothing out of the norm. What are you doing. I desperately tried to put together but the further shame of crying and public didnt work. It only made things worse. Nobody walked by. That is one upside of isolation. Its pretty clear whatever algorithm around the warehouse is indians man and complicated and set to key people getting within speaking distance of one of other. Anns form with people during peak is a very lonely place. I kept people pushing carts. Keeping us isolated makes logistical sense because its so narrow but also limit its opportunity for workplace chatter which im convinced is a goal rather than a side effect. When im sent over to learn packing workspaces are set up at a quarter which makes it impossible to talk. I have been much more productive where i was able to talk to people and not been a journalist either. Of getting up to speed in the agony has kept my mind occupied so far but i can tell the loneliness and boredom are going to be something, whats the word, a problem. A big problem. Wait what was i thinking about again, i jerked away. A few myself beginning to panic. Amount of advil, what am i going to do. Then i remember the painkiller vending machine. Supposedly these are free with a swipe of your id badge which is good because we cant bring our wallets inside. I see other vending machines but the only one im positive i can find is by the standup area of fiveminute walk from where im sitting. Get up i yell at myself, you cannot lose this job. I bring myself to my feet to the staircase but i finally arrived at the vending machine it does not recognize my badge. I beat my forehead against the glass staring in the foil packets. So close. So far. A woman notices me being pathetic and comes over. Let me guess its your first week she says pity in her kentucky drawer. She is middleaged with blue badge and a fulltime amazonian and management. I told her its my third day on training. Will the second days worst than the first and the third worst in the Second Period but its as bad as it gets. If you can make it through the first two weeks it gets easier it really does. She looks sympathetic is the machine not working with the badge, it should. She takes my id and try swiping it. As she tries a few more times every speech i asked about the vending machine which are apparently new. They came in last year after peak. There been problems with ibuprofen zombies outside the Nurses Office to put foot traffic. Because nearly all of them just wanted overthecounter painkillers management installed these vending machines lost her. No more traffic jams and workers get free drugs a short walk away. Winwin. The woman gives up enhancement back my badge whirling her eyes. You could take it and they will fix it for you after work in the meantime what do you want. Swiping her own badge for me. I select ibuprofen and think the woman from the depths of my soul. She smiles and taps the badge on her chest. Everyone with the blue one is right where you are now. I took back my head to swallow the pill. It really does get better, you just have to get used to it. Be careful about overusing those, as they limped back towards the stairs. I had to take four to get the effect of two now. If this were a representation of my months there the next 40 pages would be entirely complaints about constant pain, waking up at 4 00 a. M. , being too tired to talk to anyone, eating a lot of mcdonalds, never seen the sun and passing out the minute i get home from work. Im so exhausted that my husband leaves an entire weeks worth of voicemails before i call him back and the only time we could talk is after i get off work and though i feel bad i lack the energy to hide the fact that calling him feels like another task i have to complete before i can escape. That is pretty nice of them i guess. When i tell him about the painkiller vending machine. He is a very logical thinker, i appreciated the hell out of the advil. But he is wrong. We dont fight a lot especially about dumb stuff, were good about talking through things before they get to fight territory. But today im so tired im too exhausted to drill down, locate the misunderstanding and explain to you can understand what i am thinking. Instead i resent he wont take my word that it is messed up, find the energy i defense but i dont. On a day off, after ive had a rest i apologize imposed the situation as a multiplechoice question. Question, your warehouse workers work 11 and half hour shifts, in order to make wage they have to take overthecounter painkillers multiple times which means regular backups of the medical office. Do you a, peel back the rates, clearly workers are at the physical limits, b, make shifts shorter, see, increase the number or duration of the brakes, d increase staffing at the Nurses Office, e, install vending machines to make english more efficiently. What kind of sociopath goes to eat, thats how amazon is, thinking outside the box. After just one week it is so obvious how ambulance weight outside around so workers with heatstroke can go to the hospital after words seems like a clever solution to anybody. [applause] and, one thing that i wanted to start with the initial title was in the weeds, the changing is on the clock which is a more good idea. The whole point of in the weeds there are two definitions and theres not that much lapse between the definitions. So what is your primary definition of in the weeds . I like this and getting attribute. So i was undercover and we tl was generic, saving money, i got so much of it, i still have little foil packets, i dont think i brought any with me today but if you need i am set up. I did not see one of those its my memorial of which i couldve took some of those ho home. Im a hoarder i collected a lot of stuff. Didnt we i know the intro of the book is in the weeds and the working title of the book. And i love the way that use it. When i think of in the weeds and my own experience as either a time i got fleas as a child because he spent too rich time in the weeds i got fleas. Or when im being aggressive writer in the have to pull me out of the week to get me back on track. But now i no other meetings from reading your book. Comedy people have that definition, the one that youre set on the details, the primary definition . All. The definition the island first which is the one thats my primary definition, i learned being an ice cream scoop or when i was a kid in the waitresses there with a get out of my way im in the weeds, and the weeds with service work in the Restaurant Industry means you are slammed, youre too much work to do that you cannot keep up and youre trying to keep her head above water. How many people have a definition . A lot of people i found have one definition are actually not super aware of the other definition. When i made the transition from service work into journalism, i would go when someone would ask if i wanted to go smoke and had too much to do i would say im in the weeds. And it did not work, people would be confused. So eventually wanted to fit in so i said oh im slammed, i have too much to do. But i found it interesting in the way that this phrase means two Different Things to two different classes of people. I have found the central metaphor for the book in that there are similar misunderstandings between class of what a good job is, what good benefits are, what stresses, what exhaustion is so theres a fundamental disconnect when people who are able to get in the public fear and mostly on the migh whitecollar into thins talk about work stress what it means to them and what a good job is and what about job and what hard work is. They are basically seeking an entirely different language from Service Workers and i do not think either side realizes it but i wrote this book as an attempt to bridge the gap and the people who do have power in this country and probably a lot of them have not ever held a service job to let them know that service work today is much harder then you see and chronically stressful which we will get into in a little bit. I also wanted one of the things i did not realize, a lot of these people have never had a job where the break was not 30 minutes timed by the second and expected to be productive for every single second there on the clock and feel like robots and its so much more stressful than any whitecollar job that i ever had in my life. And i dont think people realize that. Thats what im attempting to do with this book. So you went undercover in three different places, you took three different jobs and wrote about it. Your amazon, call center converged and wrote mcdonalds in san francisco. When we were talking this before coming here talking about how onthejob with both encountering people all of a sudden from an older generation, who are a few steps ahead about the bus. And even though you watch people in my case writing about retirement age people and a lot of them saw everything evaporate into thousand eight and the retirement encasement and low wage jobs, around the treadmill where it looks like they can never retire. At the same time when i would interview them they would say have you been talking to the whiner, have you been talking to the people who cannot just mess up because its hard work but im here to make an honest days living and then they would check down and tell you how they were financially screwed, and how hard the job was. But they had to make that distinction before talking to you, i am not a whiner, i am proud to be a worker but yet it also really sucks. Did you encounter that and how did you deal . All the time. It is really hard for people to complain about things that seem individually to be so small in one of the foundational parts of my life was nickel and dime at the first ice cream scoop job when i learn whats in the weeds. And she did an amazing job of showing how grains of sand are difficult to complain about on their own can build up and crush you. And she made you feel that rather than showing you statistics about each individual grain of sand because like human beings, not particularly quick to deal with. We are a species that thrive on stories and thats how we pass information to the dawn of time and telling each other stories and avoid conference and stuff like that. Whereas, statistics do not get across to people that i found in my 15 years being a journalist. Ive given up trend to do that and that why i did this experience because people dont read things that are not fun and that is not their fault. Who wants to read something that is not fun to read. This is funny. A lot of people sent, why are these people seeing import and timbre case, why are we not joining their crusade . And i said im really tired, people are tired. And when i worked at starbucks we would get slammed and i did not know. But basically a lot of people were in the weeds and a lot of people were doing whatever they could do to psychologically cope. Theres another book about the side effects of appositive psychology in a culture where does anybody know the look on the legal movie, everything is awesome. Did you encounter what i like to call weapon i psychology which puts play into a lot of Big Companies and people say i am not a complainer and i will focus on the positive. Yes, definitely. I see that stuff in the amount of antidepressants people are on and thinking positively and like the equivalent of the ibuprofens vending machines. They are to find that what were doing is making us crazy. And its not satisfying and this is what we can do in the drug that we can take or this is the way we have to change ourselves to adopt to what is being asked of us. Instead of questioning what is being asked of us i guess. Certainly at amazon there was a lot of gorgeous banners all over the place trying to into the amazon spirit. There were a lot of people i met there were very enthusiastic at the time but they work hard, have fun and make history. They were just, i found them very weird but a lot of people did not. When it comes to the thing about the work i and its different from generation to generation. I would take probably older people, i know this is true of my dad is a very solid work ethic. Civic for the country in general. Which is probably the world in general. You can see all of these were defects of chronic stress not just here but in look at yellowjacket, like these are happening in a lot of first world countries. And i thank they are all symptoms of all the same thing which is society realizing, this isnt working anymore. What we do. Now i have to build a new way of thinking of the world from nothing. In this terrifying honestly. That is a really scary way to go about your live. Makes you feel completely out of control. Makes you feel like you know where the rules are. It makes you feel like you dont know what you have to do to be able to feed your family anymore. That is really bad for people. Is challenging given the option of adopting a narrative for yourself and on the one side, letterpress and theres no future here and this is hopeless. Or i am part of building some thing but its hard but were going to do it. It is complicated. You dont want to deny People Agency and i respect people doing whatever they need to get on the bed. And do it or they have to do to feed themselves and their families by the same token, it is triply corrosive. Another thing you and i were talking about earlier is speaking of things that are corrosive to the body, or that and begin to us, were talking a little bit about digital terrorism and the automation that the treatment of a warehouse and logistics operation in the same way ford basically treated the factories in the early days. Can you talk a little bit about what your experience was like. So when i start, i did a lot of reading in the history of management which its not very interesting list of the time. I will say that right now. Its kind of way i assume thats not really not in the history books. Some of the really interesting things that i saw were about that Frederick Taylor of philadelphia like myself, he was one of the first people who really started to try to apply objective standards to otherwise to what had been subjected work. So the famous example is that he did a lot of work in steel mills in his early days. And this was in the 1890s. Sort of like just right after industrial revolution, that was an era when the people are really before that, in the sort of like, and factory or whatever, described as the demonstrations of how productivity need it to be to devise labor. One guy do one thing and another guy do another thing. And have them do the same thing all day. In the produce hundreds more than they could otherwise. There were no was no way of telling both of those guys working as best they could. Because time was really early on until about the 1890s, because that is when they start heeding stopwatches that were affordable enough to be used in industrial timing. So taylor got his hands on the budget stopwatches in advancing technology, and he started paying everybody or the best workers on the line to go for an hour at your absolute top speed and he would follow their motions in time everything and he would put together the one best way of doing everything. Then he would hold people to that. It wasnt exactly like go as fast you can in the best workers, and never break it whatever but he kind of did it very arbitrarily. He told us Scientific Management but having actually reviewed them, it seems like he made up a lot of stuff. It was kind of silly. Just had a lot of numbers involved i thank its very relatable to the modern era. Then move them forward to the Assembly Line and one of the interesting case about both of these guys is they were freaks, on weirdos. Ford in a very bad way, he was getting metals from the nazis and stuff. Like taylor was just kind of a weird guy. Like he actually had his wife doing scientifically manage tasks of their own. He was doing very strange things. But these guys are like all of these people come up with putting objective standards onto the subjective stuff. These are the ones who in the methods have sorta been encoded into the computer Business Systems that run everything today. So even though ford would would it extremely clear about seeing their low loophole workers the ones who were moving cake iron or tightening the same to everyday. Something most people would find horrible like doing the same things and tightening the same screws 1000 times a day or more in that being it for eight hours of work when before you would been a skilled worker, like helping to assemble a car. The sibling stuff, when you are building things, is really satisfying. Ive done that sort of thing that makes you feel good. There a lot of people would talk to like i have just been in the habit of asking people with their best and jobs were. Wherever ago. And people talk about the best jobs tend to be when they were making something. When they were building something and they were leaving something behind because interesting things to amazon customers or doing something with a resume status satisfaction to it. So terrorism and afforded them. The management thinks that by the fourth is very profitable to strip follow the satisfaction and autonomy of jobs. You can make a lot of money doing that but it makes your workers miserable. It really does. Thats not an assumption on my part but you could tell that the factories with routinization and we need brought the Assembly Line out he had like a 600 percent turnover rate like which is insane and most people only stayed a week then they said this is miserable to hate this im going somewhere else so now the problem is that when ford rolled out the Assembly Line they were all of these other factories in detroit that workers could go to and now though a lot of these computer businesses are widespread everywhere and there is no way to escape from them theres this away of four low free market capitalism idea theres a felon, a balance between workers and employers and consumers where they will all behave in their self interest and if they dont and you treating your workers bad, and the workers are going to quit and go somewhere else, where is better. This thing is kind of nowhere better. For unskilled workers. They are all pretty bad and so we got into this sort of, i always forget how to pronounce this word. Monotony. Which is sort of the tradition where the people are buying peoples labor have all of the power and its interesting to look at people like people the wall street journal who are very into free capitalism and savior of the world and out of poverty, they dont thank of it as being possible and additionally dont thank what is happening now. The sort of just shows how out of touch people or they have when you are writing editorials for the wall street journal or the New York Times. A lot of places. A lot of them dont know who have worked at an amazon or a source, the reference with them. You dont hear them talk about with a date work that day or they dont see them trying to crowd fund the dental surgery or Something Like that. It is just the way that we interact now makes the difficulties of modern work especially invisible to those who have any power to change it. And i hope that this will help with a little bit. Should we open the floor for questions. Sure. Then we can get to your heart again. What is your worst job. We have a third mike. This might be a little difficult for me to articulate. Im just curious what the reporting process was like for you because when one hand you want to bring to light, sort of all of the stuff thats going on. But you also want it to be somewhat balanced and try to reflect a typical experience. Not someone who is constantly pushing the envelope just to sort of see how bad it could be. But you might be tempted to really get to spend it if this happens, how did you sort of balance those two temptations or objectives question and more. It was basically just talking to like several hundred people. Honestly. Not several hundred for a few hundred people. Both had all of these jobs. She is the sort of like, well i do that for a lot of my writing in general. But just make sure that i am on the right general gist of how people feel about it. So i tried to like not just get people from like you know complaining about reddit because reddit seems to have a particular demographic. Thats for that old swing one way or what i really wanted to do, and why went to work there in the first place was to just get a completely random sampling of people working at one of these places. I talked to a lot of people and they all did seem to share my view. I actually had a very interesting experience just a couple of hours ago. Does anybody see, theres like a weird rebuttal the probably only people who are credit obsessed with amazon notice. Couple days ago her last week, where some dude wrote something for that weird proto site but in the uk. Called Something Like colette. They were really crapping on the first person, not specifically my book but a couple of british ones that have come out because the move to the united amazon is much stronger in the uk. He retweeted it or amazon retweeted at neo and tweeted it and that a lot of flack for it. I actually got in touch with the guy. I was just like hey, sorry that your live is probably kind of like weird right now. I said in the book. He just me back this afternoon, it was really interesting because he is like a guy in his 60s, and he only works like 25 hours a week. So is the very different experience for him that it was for me. But to make it clear, the general take was you are not breaking journalists and really not that bad. So is kind of the wider idea that we talked a pit about. If theyre not pulling themselves up with appropriate will lose jobs. Which is something that you can and shall he not do. They are just a complainer. He was addressing that perspective and emmas amazon that will fight it. And an apple find it but in the bill of this this guy is just court of cast into the middle of it. As a person speaking up. The marker is that is fine. There were plenty of people who i talked to who said this is fine. But most of them havent been there very long. People say there very long because of the raises are bad. Thats what i gathered when i was there. Maybe different now. Now theyve got the 50 an hour thing that like this its not designed to be a longterm job. I tend to take people his opinions who have been there for only six months or a year, as kind of like well, i dont know. It was so interesting the way that, her work ethics or our idea of what work could or should be and what is is it too much to ask of a person. They were very different. Illustrative thought, am sorry. We circled the tarmac to our destination. Any other questions. He said he likes, the book. He said, because i have had injuries, like leg surgeries, that it probably was not or shouldnt have taken the job because i shouldve known that it would be that people which like a boy to write back and not shorting everything but the thing that was painful was the word, not many. Like it was because im handicapped or anything. Anybody else. Can you tell us about somebody that you met they made an impact on you that you really wanted to and including the book but couldnt. I really wish i couldve included more of those rusty kids who are in the amazon chapter. They were really, very funny. They were very selfaware about their situation was in the workforce, they were the actual embodiment of like what somebody would be in that ideal freemarket capitalism worker. They were aware of what the deal was. So they would try to stick around and take a third break every day, 11 a off hour shifts. And they did that because they knew that amazon need it them is it too much give the last couple of weeks of peak to fire them. They acted in their selfinterest. So we regard one side of those is immoral in the way that we do not regarded as immoral for companies to act in the best interest or people to act in the best interest so i thank that whenever you, get irrationality in a market and it is to create like bubbles of arbitrage. That is what arbitrage is. You find some irrationality to market and you stick a straw in it and you suck everything out and they have a lot of money. I thank that people who have started recognizing like very smart people, who run these companies have started recognizing that the American Work ethic is irrational. It doesnt make sense. It does not encourage you to act in your selfinterest. It encourages you to sacrifice a lot of your live because you thank it is the right thing to do. Well because we have work ethic that is really deep inside of us that hard work is fundamentally like virtuous. And a good thing. I thank right now especially, people been extremely good at putting all of their straws in all over the place in our draining that bubble dry and thank honestly that is one of the reasons that everything so crazy right now. Theres a find out about of americans that have the good old American Work ethics that exists. And once its all dried up, and they people already do realize that this its not rational. Like you to siphon reasonable. Why would i work yes maam selfinterest to help some random company to succeed. For example one is the mcdonalds, right about the time what is going on a break, and ran into almost guy that was scaring the customers. Making a really big mess leveling stuff out of the crack trash and throwing it on the ground. He got in a huge pile of trash and got in the face of the sweet old lady and she once tipped me a dollar for an i. C. E. Cream cone. I wouldve done anything for that woman. And is irrational. Like i was on my break, i was not being paid, i was sacrificing my unpaid minutes of break that were the only thing i was going to get. To try to get this homeless man to stop making a mess and the janitor guy to clean up. And stop scaring the customers. And it did it. And he screamed my face and probably gave me the flu but like i did it anyway because i felt it was the right thing to do. Again, ive been a little bit, like my dad raised me with this very American Work ethic and its taken me a very long time to sort of start realizing that isnt always good. It did make me very depressed and kinda crazy for a while. Because its really hard to succeed in this economy that went out constantly working and constantly hustling. And were not meant to do that as a species. We are very funloving species. Like generally for most of our history, we didnt really do that much work. There is this nasty version short sort of idea of what something looks like. The modern idea of an apology and prehistory what it was actually like is more like you spent more like five or six hours a day together bugs to feed you until the next day. And the rest of the time you slept and you had and run around having fun and took care of the kids and it was not, it was a hard live but it was not a chronically stressful live theres a big difference between the two. And yeah. Because we are funloving, were not going to nap nor have in here this evening. Shall we get to your heart again. Is only question . I was wondering about so, i feel like a lot of the places that you worked, there is people who are sort of pro businesses that say that sort of future of all of this business that the lower echelons, is automation. Lets not worry about how it is that amazon is because robots are going to be doing this in five years. This not worry about the constant downward pressure on the wages of over drivers because theres going to be self driving cars in five years or one of the timeline is. Did you talk a lot at all about what the people were about regarding innovation. Was there ever a moment we do are talking about what work would look like for them in the near to medium term or were they just kind of in their focus toward timeline. Sit back it was shorter timeline than that. I found that one of the effects of chronic stress, i get way more into this in the book but it is basically it just makes you focus on the shortterm. We are chronically stressed. Instead of the longterm i thank people knew the minute amazon can repost them with her about their going to do that but i thank they thought it was further on the night dont thank they expect to have adopted long term. I thank most people especially younger people today expect to have a job for more than a few date years. Theres the sort of generalized misunderstanding about how many jobs are going to be made up for by like to make up for the automation. So essentially like to push this book, a few years ago i pitched it, it was much more about and it had a lot more about automation in it. And all the publishers were kind of like i really dont buy this. In the past, there than enough jobs made by these new technologies to make up for the jobs lost. The jobs of the loss of improper a few months. Like people sitting in a tollbooth all day or whatever. The thing is about the Way Technology increases is that technology, theres a thing called moores law which is the amount of circuits they can fit on a circuit board, to see double every year and a off or two years. So that means the Technology Grows at annex the financial rate. There is the jobs to make up for that only grow a just a normal pace. So i know i thank were in this very weird. Sort of like where it looks like sort of a flat line and it has been flatlined but we are about to go straight up. I dont thank that is very well recognized. If you havent, studied all of the stuff. Its a misconception we sort of really need to come to terms with that. In fact it is retweeted by andrew yang. [laughter] there are some interesting people in there. But yes, that is a thing that we do need to be talking about. Off of i thank that the approach to universal income is kind of down but that heartless. In a bad way of going about it. Universal based income is something that we are really going to have to thank about and im at least glad there is somebody that is bringing up regardless of how dumb i thank people who are into it to to be. At least on twitter. Dont mean to insult anybody. Im sure you are great. Do you want to pull this. I do. We got a bunch of responses here up on the wall. [background sounds] going doortodoor, raising money to close the plant in, my only options were for bathrooms to beg strangers. No but she left just like people are very into it. When the park, and i got completely burned out. Call center operator. He was that. Yeah. Worse man, dishwasher bus girl. Pro national man right killer. Horrifying. Plumber his assistant. The Credit Collections person for Simon Schuster having to call small struggling and admitted bookstores to demand money. [laughter]. Thats a pretty good one. Wedding cake delivery. As a home nurse, for an 89 yearold thomas my coworker left her ship early the day her client was struggling for a colonoscopy. I arrived at a literal lake of ship. Thats a pretty good one. That might be better than the sylvester the cat one. Janitor at evangelical church. Bathroom thanking. Opening up deposit and gloves and flipping checks that theyll face the right way for the higher paid staff personnel. Thats really good actually. The fact delivery boy at a greek diner. Biking terrain in the short order cook and the cook asked me if i knew her to get cracked. [laughter]. Three canvasser sure to tweet, the longer an mtv . I have waitressed in the suburbs of, and working on by a pastor and church. People after church are the worst possible to first. No bathroom break for ten hours. Patients get surveys afterwards to write my performance and if i have not done with a thing i shouldve done, they based on google searches, get a bad review. Even if you know still alive. [laughter] i am thinking, home nurse, definitely. I like the check flipper. And that purse beggar. Lets vote on this. Birgit beggar. Check flipper. I kind of like that one. Eightynine yearold colonoscopy proper. All right we have a new champi champion. Who is that. I know who it was. Lynn everybody. Congratulations lynn. Thank you everybody so much for coming out to hear amber. Tip your waitresses. Come talk to her more at the signing table. [background sounds] good afternoon, good afternoon and we will to the American Enterprise is to do. My name is paul, im an aei resident scholar and Financial Services of the organizer of todays events. This afternoon i am pleased to host matthew sake to discuss his new biography of carter glass. One of the most influential politicians of his time, and architect