Transcripts For CSPAN Washington Journal 08152019 20240714

Benefits for legal immigrants. That, immigration policy and how the everify everify system is being used in the u. S. Host good morning. It is thursday, august 15, 2019. We begin the washington journal focusing on the issues facing Rural Americans after spending Yesterdays Program talking to City Residents, it is Rural Americas turn. Give us a call and let us know what your top issue is and how it is being handled by state and local leaders where you are. Eastern and central time zones call in at 2027488000. Mountain and pacific time zones, call in at 2027488001. On twitter it is cspanwj. On facebook it is facebook. Com cspan. A very good thursday morning to you. Rural residents only, you can start calling in now to give you a sense of the universe of callers, it is about 60 Million People, that is how Many Americans live in Rural Communities. Here is the latest information about them. 64 of that population lives east of the mississippi river. 10 of the total population in the west live in rural operations and half of all people in rural areas are in the south. Wet month on this program, were joined by former democratic senator of montana, Heidi Heitkamp. She came on to discuss rural issues. Here is a bit of what she had to say. [video clip] the question i get when i am in new york, what do rural voters want . They want what the new york cab driver wants. They want Good Health Care and quality education. In way you deliver Services Rural america is much different than Downtown Manhattan and when you look at the president s budget, which is a value document, you see there is no sport for support for Rural America. You see a decline in the Rural Economy you dont see in the urban economy. People may say this is the best economy in the history of the world, which i can dispute, but it is certainly not goodbye good for Rural America. Toy are going to continue decline with this president s failed and wrongheaded and reckless trade policy. Host former montana democratic senator Heidi Heitkamp on this program. You can watch her entire appearance on our website at cspan. Org. She talked about the economy in that statement. Here is the state of the economy or at least the stock market. Intoed investors send down freefall. Overseas omens have wall street fearing recessions. The dow losing 800 points, posting the worst percentage drop of the year. Stocks, bonds, flash warning signs, Global Economic slowdown deepens. One more from the financial times, bonds sound recession alarm as china and germany show strain. U. S. And u. K. Yield curve inverts. We are talking in this first hour of the washington journal today with auroral as it into rural residents only. In the Eastern Central time zones, 80s 2027488000. It is, 2027488000. You can call in the mountain or pacific time zones at 2027488001. More from officials around the country talking about rural issues. This from the annual state of the state address. This is kristi noem from earlier this year talking about the issue of Broadband Access. Here is what she had to say. [video clip] Internet Access is taken for granted in urban settings, but that is not the case in rural areas. There are many rural areas where the lack of access is widespread. Half of our counties have Rural Counties where 1 in 4 people do not have this kind of Broadband Access. In some counties that have rural areas where half the residents do not have Broadband Access at all and they are not even our most remote counties. County,an coddington for example, indoors for internet endures poor Internet Access. It is a south dakota issue because the small communities and rural areas near watertown or huron provide customers and members of the workforce for those larger communities. Some young girl with an aptitude for math and science could be a future engineer, but will she be able to excel without rod ban access at home . Some Broadband Access at home . Will they have the Internet Access they need to look at markets and buy new machinery . Runr spouse might want to and at home business. We must close the gap to make sure people have the ability to hire locally and sell globally. Host senator johnson john thune tweeted about the issue of Broadband Access and what the fcc is doing about it. Fcc approvedthe some 5 Million Dollars in projects throughout south dakota saying that closing the Digital Divide is one of my top priorities, glad to see the fcc announcement, that was his tweet from last week on the latest. Already talking about rural issues, talking to rural residents only. 2027488000 if you are in the eastern or central time zones. If you are in the mountain or pacific time zones, 2027488001. We will start with robert out of fayetteville, pennsylvania. Good morning. Caller good morning. Thank you for having me on. My main concern is our city politicians in philly and pittsburgh and harrisburg throwing pennsylvanians under the bus with their change in gun control philosophies because of these recent events. Owner of a semi automatic rifle and i use it to target shoot. I had hopes of going to the camp. Rifleal championship. Ompetitions every year there is a legitimate reason, other than hunting. They can be used for home defense and there is a littleknown addition to the Second Amendment called the militia act of 1793 and it explained what our militia was. We have an organized militia and an unorganized militia and our organized militia was used successfully to defend this country in new orleans. New orleansattle of because we used on organized militia, which was every man between 18 and 60 that could shoulder a weapon. Do you think there is a growing divide in this country when it comes to rural and urban residents or is it the same divide that has always been there . Caller i believe this divide is so wide we are going to have a civil war in this country if people like Kamala Harris say we are going to start going to peoples doors and confiscating weapons. The people in the city should stay in the city and keep their laws for city people and people in rural areas should have their laws. A halfs 15 minutes to hour for us to get the state police to respond to our area if we are having trouble out here. That is one of the reasons we want to keep our guns. Host that is robert in pennsylvania and this is mike in ohio. What is your top issue as a Rural American . Caller good day. How are you . Host i am doing well. Caller i will tell you what concerns me. Takei go to the city, i the back road along the river and when i go that way, i pass the National Guard depot and there is millions and millions of dollars worth of surplus military equipment. Then when i look across the river under the bridge, there is People Living in tents. The rural areas would be a lot better off if we took a look at pentagontrillion the cannot account for an we have this 22 trillion deficit. It sounds like a disney production wrapped around the twilight zone. You know what i am saying here . That is how it looks. Host where should that money go . You think to homelessness and housing issues in this country . Caller infrastructure. Infrastructure and the wellbeing of the people of this country. If we are the most privileged and the fate the richest on the face of the earth, i dont understand this war machine all the time, these covert operations, the irancontra operations and those things that go on, that is the problem here, that is where the money goes, prisons, that looks like a deal and a half for these contractors, military spending, defense, we need oversight and accountability, is the problem. Host how long have you lived out there . Caller i grew up on a farm a few miles from here as a child and lived here my whole life. Host have you ever wanted to leave . Caller i grew up on a farm. My dad used to build hot rods and stock cars and my grandfather ran him off the farm one time. I have a little shop i run i have been in business since 1977 and right now, i am a oneman operation because i cannot afford help. I am 66 years old, a cancer survivor and used to race sprint cars, quite a life. I am still here and i like what i am doing as far as a car builder. Host how has business been . Caller it is up and down like a yoyo. Insurance companies try to direct work two of you big shops and it is like they are trying to weed out the little guy. Walmartke they want one for the whole city and nothing else. This business it has been a problem, but it is all i know how to do and it is what i will keep doing. I dont know what else to say. Host is there a walmart near you . Caller yeah. There is one near chillicothe. I pass that National Guard depot and shake my head, all that money sitting there for nothing. Host talking to rural residents only. 2027488000 if you are in the eastern or central time zones. 2027488001 if you are a rural resident in the mountain or pacific time zones. Want to know what your top issues are. Having this conversation after we focused on City Residents only yesterday. Today, it is Rural Americas turn. John in jasper, indiana, good morning. Caller yes. My big concern is the environment. That we getmportant concerned about the environment nowadays, they have say alarge lawns and they lawnmower makes more pollution than a car. About farmers. Their crops are in terrible shape this year and just hope for the best in the future. Host are you a farmer . Caller i own a farm, yes. Host what kind of farm is it . Caller it is a crop farm. I have a renter on it doing the work because i am a disabled military veteran. Host there is a story in todays wall street journal about farmers in iowa, but looking at farm issues in general and where their support liza made a trade war with china, saying at least with the farmers the wall street journal talked to at the iowa state fair, that the support is still there, they are loyal to donald trump despite the trade war taking place under his administration. Are you a donald trump supporter . Caller yes. I am. He is trying to do a good job for our country, but he does not have the backing. Host the backing from who, john . Caller the other leaders of our country. Host are republicans backing him enough . Caller they are, but democrats, they dont back even they even theyw dont know how to compromise in washington, d. C. , so we are not getting anything done. Host the story from the wall street journal noting one of the reason farmers are showing so much patience with President Trump, even as Commodity Prices suffered is his administration suffered terror related aid. Disperse that will 14. 5 billion dollars following a roughly 10 billion program last year. Taylor who farms soybeans and livestock called the checks the trump payment and said last years assistants came close to making up losses and curate incurred by the trade war. With ruraling residents only, want to hear about your top issues, what is happening where you live, how local and state leaders are dealing with it. 2027488000 is the number for rural residents in eastern or central time zones. 2027488001 if you are a rural resident in the mountain or pacific time zones. One other issue we have talked about on this program before is the availability of hospitals in rural areas. Last week on this program, and Investigative Reporter discussed the decline of rural hospitals. Here is a bit of what he had to say. [video clip] rural hospitals, i think the best way to describe what is happening is to go back in history a little bit. After world war ii, the general feeling was every Small Community in the country needed to have a hospital. Hospitals sprang up all across the country. The problem was over the next 34 years, Rural Communities themselves shrank in size. People left to go to the big cities and it left Rural Communities with older,equeira, and more sicker uninsured residents. You also get a big change in the technology of hospitals where you are getting microsurgery and neurosurgery and you are requiring more expertise on the part of doctors as well as a lot of equipment that is really expensive like cat scans and it became more and more expensive for hospitals to operate and in order to cover the cost, they needed to be in larger communities, communities with 1000 10,000 people could no longer really support all the things the hospital needs to have. People started migrating to the cities for care. As they did that, there were fewer patients coming in the doors, so they started to lose money. In order to keep doors open, morehad to specialize, do emergency care. Some of them even gave up sothing centers where they dealt with senior care and maybe some dialysis and those sort of things. They specialized and needed fewer beds, but the trend continues where people would forer to go to large cities their major procedures. Host an Investigative Reporter on this program just last week talking about one of those rural issues we touched on in the past. We want to hear what your rural issue is. Rural residents only in this first segment. Kay up out of missouri. Good morning. Caller thank you for taking my call. Memphis. 0 miles from 150 miles from st. Louis. The next to largest town is 75 miles to the east. The other, 50 to the west. Are elderly, ill, poor, and you have no money and you have no relatives or family close, you become a prisoner of your dad dead and dying town. We have all the trains, public passenger trains have been were taken up in the 1960s to make way for cars. We have acres and acres devoted to new and used cars, but people spend all their time trying to keep a car going so they can go 30 miles north to the doctor. We have had two hospitals close recently. Mass transit, i would say we no longer i understand, just found out last week at the Greyhound Bus no longer stops here. This is a town of 14,000, for heaven sake. The only way you can get out of here is by private, individual vehicles with a driver. If you cannot drive or you cannot drive Long Distances, you are in big trouble. Theseave little tiny buses that will go for three hours a day to take you maybe to a doctor 30 miles north. This the thing is the train constructing this and highspeed trains will not stop here, so they are not going to do the rural, small towns any good. Host at the beginning, you called it a dead and dying town. One issue we talked about in the program is where young people are going and whether they are leaving smalltown america and Rural America. Do you see that happening in sikeston . Caller it has always happened in sikeston with a few people. Some people, young people, of course. A lot of them end up coming back. What has killed our towns is school consolidation. Or they have closed out schools in a lot of small towns to consolidate them and the children are ending up on school buses for 2 to 4 hours a day. They took the trains, there are no train stops, which are a huge economic factor in small towns. Service, movies, restaurants, hotels, it has all been taken away from small towns, not to mention the factories that were given certain Tax Exemptions and they run out the Tax Exemptions and they leave. Sites inwo super fun this town that have never been dealt with. We have huge factories or storage buildings all over the place. It is the small towns are dumps for the capitalist entrepreneurs. Host have you ever fought have you ever thought about leaving . Caller of course, but i am here now. 70s. Oo old in my late i have had heart surgery, Certain Health problems, but it is a huge problem for the iferly here and, of course, you get older, your assets are taken away to get a nursing home or something. Host the front page of todays Washington Post focusing on the shortage of Young Workers in states in this country. Their correspondence went to maine to talk about that problem. Maine crossed a crucial aging milestone, a fifth of its population older than 65, which meets the definition of super aged. By 2026, maine will be joined by more than 15 other states including vermont and New Hampshire, maines neighbors to the northeast, montana, delaware, pennsylvania, more than a dozen more will meet that criterion by 2030. The number of seniors will grow by more than 40 million, approximately doubling between 2015 and 2050 by while the population older than 85 will come close to tripling. For tens of millions of elderly people without ruining their familys financial lives. If you want to read that story in todays Washington Post. Beatrice in southwest arkansas, whereabouts in arkansas . Caller yes. Yes, i have two problems. One man was on earlier talking about the gun problem. I live in a rural area in arkansas, very rural. 30 to 45 minutes when i call the police to send the sheriff or the county out here. A lot can go on when someone is breaking into your home, you have to have a weapon to defend yourself. Another thing, when the other earlier, sheing was talking about the way it is with medical and getting around. I am the same way. I am 50 miles from pine bluffs, 20 miles from monticello and there is no way. Ight now, i am bedridden in order for me to go to the doctor to get a good checkup, there is no way. There is no way for me to go. Bus, that bus is going to take me all day long and i have to have a nurse to go with me so if i have a problem, they can take care of it, there is nothing for Rural Americans, hardship. T. Cannot afford rent anywhere it is a big problem. Host you said there is nothing for Rural Americans, did you think there would be more for Rural Americans with the election of donald trump . Caller i did not vote for trump. Trump has nothing that i want that he offered. Wasve been working since i 15 years old. They were taking up Social Security, whatever they call it, they left that money alone and gave me my whole paycheck. I have good money saved to take care of myself because i had good jobs. Taught school, worked as a caseworker and the defense department. I know if they left my money alone, i would have lots of money, but they took my money for this, that, and the other and i dont have any benefits from it. Is the breakdown among urban and Rural Communities, likely support for democrats and republicans in Rural Communities according to a National Opinion research poll, about 60 usually support republicans in office compared to 37 supporting democrats, that flips when you are looking at urban communities, the support for republicans usually about 30 in urban communities. Theretory in upi, breakdown of the 2018 votes in that story. Rita is next out of alabama, good morning. Rita, are you with us . Go ahead. People that go to the hospitals sent dont have insurance, who pays for that . It is not right, there is just as many sorry white people as there are black and hispanic. They are all standing and waiting for a handout. Thank you and god bless you. Host doris out of georgia. Caller i am laughing at this because these poor ladies are already telling my story. In the last one, she is right on because i have suffered through all of this maze of government that are supposed to be here to help. All they do is drain your wallet if you have any money left and these sorry people that will not work if you hand them host you have got to turn down your tv and talk through your phone. When you say you tried to go through the maze of Government Entities, which ones . I think we lost doris. We are talking to rural residents only in this hour, want to hear about your top issues where you live. Phone numbers, 2027488000 if you are in the eastern or central time zones. 2027488001 if you are a rural resident in the mountain or pacific time zones. Want to show you one tweet from one of the president ial candidates recently just yesterday, John Hickenlooper, democratic president ial candidate, former governor of colorado saying we need a leader who will address the unique opportunities Rural Communities ring to the table and address distinctive challenges at the local level, a onesizefitsall approach does not work. John hickenlooper yesterday. Here is the reporting about John Hickenlooper today, not expected to be a democratic president ial candidate much longer. Politico noting John Hickenlooper is expected to drop out of the president ial race, expected to make that announcement. Announce will not whether he is supporting a bid to the u. S. Senate. That will be to challenge cory gardner in colorado. The news comes after the governor failed to gain ground. Hickenloopers campaign was in shambles and his own team urged him to bow out of the race back then. We will see what happens on that front later today. Out of happen addicts appomattox, virginia. What is your top issue . Caller i wanted to Say Something about the environment. If you really want to make a positive effect on the environment, you would stop cutting grass and let nature take overif you because that ise only thing that is going to save the environment, let nature heal and begin to regrow. Lawns are useless and nothing. Ut a convention to help, theyed would stop cutting grass. Host are you involved in any efforts or organizations . Caller i dont cut my grass and it is like my whole yard took a sigh of relief when i stopped doing it and beautiful things have started growing, beautiful wildfires. Granted, there are some things people call weeds. That is something humans have designated. We dont know the value of anything on this earth, but we follow it down and it is nothing. If nature dies, we die. Tennessee. Is in good morning. What is your top issue . Caller good morning, john. It has been a couple months since i called in. I recently found out our local newital has issued protocols that would limit the types of patients they would be able to treat. I am not talking about the doctors, the doctors are great, it is the local hospital that has limited their scope of types of patients they are able to treat. Of course, i am one of those patients that cannot be treated there. This has nothing to do with insurance, this is all Health Related issues. What i used to be able to get as iutine, preventative care, will have to travel an hour or possibly two hours away to get it because of this. I just found this out. To talk to the hospital liaison about it yesterday because this means i am going to have to plan for my health care now and she was not available and i am attempting to see if i could at least talk to the hospital ceo because i dont understand any of this. I dont know if the rural hospitals get any part of the tax dollars collected by either the county or the state or the fed as part of their subsidy for funding. If they do and i cannot be treated there, even for preventative medicine, i am not going to be happy about that. Host is this a trend or something that happened in the past or the first time you have seen Something Like this happen . Caller this is the first time i have heard of this practice. I dont know if it is commonplace. I havent had much time to ask a lot of questions. That to tell me something cannot be done and to just say that is the way it is now does not fly with me, especially when it concerns my health care. Host thanks for the call from tennessee. Taking your phone calls for 25 minutes, rural residents only. 2027488000 if you are in the eastern or central time zones. 2027488001 if you are a rural resident in amount or pacific time zones. 7 30, justabout after 7 30 on the east coast. Want to update you on events taking place on the campaign trail, including President Trumps trip to manchester, New Hampshire. 7 00 p. M. Is when our coverage of that trip and the rally will begin. You can watch on cspan, cspan. Org, listen on the radio app. Enter for harper in her column today notes that President Trump could announce on that trip that his former campaign advisor, Corey Lewandowski plans to run for u. S. Senate in the granite state. He would run against the democrat seeking a third term in 2020. Other Democratic Candidates moving through New Hampshire in recent days, joe biden expected to be there this weekend. His campaign is planning a competing protest down the street. The Campaign Organizers will stage their stand up to hate event. Senator Bernie Sanders arrived for a two day, four town tour of New Hampshire earlier this week. Elizabeth warren came through the state on wednesday. Cory booker, john delaney, Steve Bullock began arriving in the state today. Knowther event to let you about in el paso, texas, beto orourke will we are hearing a reset of his campaign with an address in his hometown. He suspended his president ial run for nearly two weeks in response to the mass shooting in el paso. Our live coverage of his speech, expected to begin around 9 15 eastern and you can watch that on cspan 2, cspan. Org, and listen on the radio app. Talking to rural residents about your top issues. Jim in indiana, you are next. Caller yes. I have been living in lafayette for a number of years, but commuted a rather Long Distance from where i lived, where i worked in illinois. Ofaw the transformation Rural America in my commute, drive. As a 70 mile i saw how driving in the farms and the rural towns are disappearing. Disappeared. To the point now where they tear the homes down. You dont need the houses anymore, you need story silos for Farm Equipment and storing grain. As far as having homes, they dont even have them anymore. Population ofs a de small towns. People are just deserting them likeoing probably to towns lafayette, West Lafayette area where we are having a growth here. It is like they are moving from the cities into the areas where the jobs are. Opportunities here are good, there is lots of what i would call highpaying, industrial jobs. Just a lot of good paying jobs, but these small, rural towns, they are going away. ,he other thing i noticed the generalnted on all there they tear trees out so they can get these big pieces of agriculture equipment out there to harvest crops. There has been a technical revolution going on in farming where you actually dont really need people anymore. You need equipment and they do a tremendous job. T is amazing if you look at it commute that 70 mile you made it so often, what were the state of the roads and infrastructure . Actually, i had some of the worst weather there was, but i was amazed, i think i missed one day because of the weather. We are doing a bunch of road now. And bridge repairs it was never much of an issue with me. If you did break down, which did happen on occasion, there is no people. There were hardly people on the road. Amazing. It was almost like driving through a desert. The soil andd all everything is really kept up, but you were really taking your life in your hands when the weather was bad. Thanks for telling us about it. Last month at a Senate Environment and Public Works Committee hearing on surface transportation issues, max cooney, a developer in washington, a bridge and highway developer testified about rural transportation issues. Here is a bit of what he had to say. [video clip] reports provided by the federal Highway Administration based on state dot data identify a litany of troublesome facts including failing and underperforming pavements, bridges that do not meet modern specifications, congestion in key locations, inaccurate intermodal connections. Timef this is coming at a when an increase in population, growth and vehicle use and freight uses will add to a strain on transportation infrastructure. The heavy of truck traffic toionally 56 from 2018 2045. As our economy continues to grow and global competition increases, there will be an expanding need for Infrastructure Improvements to support manufacturing, farming, service, and industrial factors. Bill that addresses current and future transportation needs. Funding has been critical to Capital Investments and it is important this funding continues and grows. States use 52 of federal aid allocation for Capital Investment projects. The funding formula allows states to address priorities and requirements by supporting the overall need for a strong, interconnected Transportation System assuring states the federal government will continue to be a reliable partner in funding and delivering a safe network should be a top priority. Host back to your phone calls, rural residents only. Gerald in kentucky is next. Good morning. Caller good morning. Good morning. Probably the Biggest Issue is the opioid crisis. Hopelessness and poverty and the minimum wage is an issue. Folks on minimum wage, we provide them food stamps and housing and Health Insurance, so we are endorsing and holding up corporate america. Host on the opioid crisis, is it still getting worse . Is it Getting Better in appalachia . Where is your sense of where this is trending . Caller i work as a psychologist and it moves from prescription and states across the border and it is in methamphetamine and home produced type damaging drugs. People are hopeless. Host where should they be looking to for help . Caller i think if people could make a living wage, to work fulltime and for me to have to ask for assistance an hour and 16 walmart and fast food prices are exactly the same as in kentucky. Issuespeaking to those right now, to people facing what you are seeing in appalachia who is speaking to those issues right now, took people facing what you are seeing in appalachia . Caller i think it really needs to be addressed. Ost thanks for the call larry in georgia is next. Good morning. Caller good morning, sir. I would like to talk about in network and outofnetwork Health Care Choices in georgia. Host go ahead. Caller we are looking at situations where people are going in network, for instance, for a heart attack. I have been an agent for 40 years and the hospital brings in and outofnetwork surgeon and when they get out of the hospital a month and a half later, here comes the bill and charges an 80,000 denied by major carriers like blue cross, blue shield and if people dont know to go to the Commissioners Office and file a complaint, that 80,000 surgeon bill does not get paid. Host how do you handle that issue, larry . Inler if you go to an network facility, hospital, and they bring in and outofnetwork assician, it must be billed in network services. These intermediate care clinics have big signs on the wall that everyone who works here is not necessary necessarily an employee. If the intermediate care facility is in network and regardless of who they bring in anastasia are doctors, they must be billed as in network services. Bob is next, jacksonville, texas. Good morning. Caller good morning, john. Thank you for taking my call. Issue, itch you have two. One issue is the guns. See no issue for assault style weapons. I have dear hunted deer hunted all my life and never had issue for one of those guns. My Biggest Issue is the health care. So bad that in had to quit going. 36 miles one way to a doctor is. Little bit out of my reach my wife and i have a regular evenh plan and i will not but it keeps, getting worse and worse and it is costing us more and more every time we go to the doctor. It seems like we have anything done, the doctor visit is ok. Most of the doctors, by and large, are good, honest people. I think the biggest problem we hospitals and the health plan people. I am sorry, i have lost words. Things getou see better or worse after the Affordable Care act . Caller we dont have the Affordable Care act. I am told we cant have it medicare. Are both on it gets worse, the hospitals are getting terrible and the insurance companies. We have got to get rid of corruption in the hospitals and insurance companies. The way i see it, we will have to go to the National Healthcare and i will absolutely vote for the person that says they will give me that. Host who do you think that might be at the moment . Caller at the moment, i think Bernie Sanders or elizabeth warren. Will be voting for one of the two. Host bob in texas. We are asking Rural Americans only to let us know your top issues. Here is a few who responded on facebook. Scott saying our bins are full of crossed, winter harvest happens in 6 weeks. Everyones life is the top issue so we may enjoy liberty and as someone who lives in maine, i think rural states should focus on green energy and leave the country in it. Maine has so many issues, we ld put free water turbines get enough sun to have solar power plants across the state. Cut energy cross energy cost down by millions into state. On twitter, it is cspanwj. About 10 minutes left in this conversation on the washington journal as we talk to rural residents only. 2027488001. Want to give you some news about the individuals who work in the building behind me. Congress is away on august. Ecess visit bypcoming aib. Ida to leap tl Benjamin Netanyahu of israel weighing the possibility of blocking their expected visit in the coming days by the two boycott divestment and prosanctions congresswomen. Yesterday with his interior minister, his foreign, his Public Security minister, and his National Security minister to talk about the issue and there has been a decision correspondentom a from israel saying israel will barr the congresswomen from entering the country due to suspected provocations and promotion of boycott divestment and sanctions. The final decision has been drafted and passed for comments before a press release. Perhaps look for news on that in the coming hours and later today. Back to your phone calls. Ruth in florida, good morning. What is your top issue in kathleen, florida . Caller believe it or not, our roadways are in dire need of here in thist, out rural area, they have taken all of our orange groves. One lady talking about growing grass and whatever, they have taken all of our orange groves out and built subdivisions. When i moved here 20 years ago. Rom kentucky there is nothing but orange groves, beautiful country. Now it is all subdivisions. Isertheless, in my area, it a very busy roadway because of the subdivisions. Walking,have people bicycling. They are building sidewalks, taking down more trees. This is an absurd waste of money. Is this what some other callers have talked about, the move towards the Large Industrial farms as opposed to the small farmer . Caller when we moved here, there were huge chicken farms, they are gone. They are subdivisions now. All of is in control of this and i am sort of an independent. Say the people making these choices have not been people i voted for. Host how long have you been in kathleen . Caller yes. Host how long have you lived there . Caller a little over 20 years. Host why did you move to kathleen instead of lakeland or east of tampa . Caller we moved from kentucky littleide of lincoln, a countrywhich was very because of my husbands work. He was a truck driver. Host is he still in that business . Deceasedy husband is and so many of the other issues theybody has brought up, waste, medicaid, my grandson has a lawnmowing business, very successful and he does employ illegals. There was a time i had to go to the hospital and i fed these kids. They parked their equipment on my two issues and unbelievable, food son would drink young men would eat here and i prayed with these kids. Not all were illegals. Host what was the reason for employee Illegal Immigrants as opposed to american citizens . Did you ever ask him about that . Caller they lived in the same hedivision as he did and became friends with him, and needed jobs. Host is he still in that business . Caller not now. It got too competitive. You have to have big money to have a lawn service and i live on my Social Security, so i am afford lawn cannot service. All his group would get together and take care of my two acres and i let them park their equipment here. Host thanks for the call from kathleen. Is next. Olice caller i was born in a little town in West Virginia. Town, had autiful movie theater, hotel, livestock barns, everything. Then what happened is they came in with rails to trails. This is in the 1970s and they took up all the railroad tracks. Now they made trails out of it. They build the bridge, called they rebuiltge and this bridge and the parking lot and all of this. Meanwhile, other areas of farmers had to go through bad bridges and now they have to truck their stuff, they cannot put it on railroads anymore. They built these roads so narrow, they started that a couple years ago. They are too narrow for the big trucks to go into the farms and get things out and then they Consolidated Schools in the 70s high schools and consolidate into 1. Now the students have to travel on the buses. Rate, only 46 students attending high school graduated, yet the Teachers Want more raises, more money. I wanted to ask the people who demand the living wage i was an employer for 14 years and i want to tell you, every time you want to raise wages and i am not making any money, how am i going at 14, 15 per hour . It doesnt work that way. You can call for anything you want, but it doesnt work this way. I think the environmentalists have done more damage. I lived in washington state. Filter n aluminum environmentalists paid it back. It was closed down. Ithey have a tremendous amount f damage, i live there during the spotted owl controversy. Congressman, one president ial candidate, so rabid environmentalists, the mafia boss of washington state, and jay inslee, they are ridiculous people. I think hem maine, is the reason why maine is losing population. Because they have these crazy, crazy environmental green visions that cannot be accomplished. We are stuck like this until people decide they have had enough. Michigan. Is wanda in good morning. Caller good morning. Can you hear me . Host yes. Caller i am about to turn 65 and medicare will not cover car accidents. Now i have blue cross and they coordinate benefits with Car Insurance company so it keeps my Car Insurance down and Health Insurance down because they coordinate. Medicare will not coordinate with my Car Insurance and my Car Insurance will go up as though i was an eightyearold 18yearold starting to drive again and i do not understand why medicare cannot coordinate benefits with Car Insurance to keep our costs down. That is our last caller in the first segment but plenty more to come, including, next come a closer look at major policy issues in the immigration debate, first, the Trump Administrations new public charge immigration rule as we are joined by catos Alex Nowrasteh, and we will talk about everify with Mark Krikorian, from the center of Immigration Studies. We will be right back. Watch for live coverage of the book festival on saturday, august 31 earning at 10 00 a. M. Eastern where our covers includes author interviews with Ruth Bader Ginsburg on her book my own words. And the heart book of wounded knee. And child of the dream. The british are coming. Discussed super minds. Festival liveook saturday, august 31 at 10 00 a. M. Eastern on booktv on cspan2. Sunday at 9 00 a. M. Eastern, a washington journal and American History tv live special call in program looking back at woodstock, the 1969 cultural and musical phenomenon with the story and an author of the book the age of great dreams joins us to take your calls. Affectthe drugs happy they did in the 1960s and early 1970s, we are still wrestling to understand with scholars, the technology of drugs. It is imperative in understanding not just the 1960s but the production of history, what drugs we use at a specific time have an incredible ability to change the direction of a given society. Call into talk with him about the social movements of the 1960s including up to woodstock and his legacy. What stock 50 years woodstock 50 years on american journal and American History Tv Washington journal and American History tv. Washington journal continues. Host we welcome Alex Nowrasteh, an immigration policy analyst at the Cato Institute to discuss a new rule impacting immigrants who make use of Public Benefits and welfare. The acting director of immigration announcing the socalled public charge rule earlier this week. This is what he had to say. Through the public charge rule be Trump Administration is ofnforcing the ideals selfsufficiency and personal responsibility and making sure immigrants cant support themselves and become cant support themselves and become successful in america. Our rule events aliens who will likely to become a public charge from coming to the United States or remaining here and getting a green card. Public charge is now defined in a way that make sure the law is meaningfully enforced and that those who are subject to it are selfsufficient. Explainex nowrasteh, public charge and how the rules is interpreted in the past of what the changes are . Guest the idea immigrants who come here should be able to sustain themselves, support themselves financially, either through their own hard work or through support of family members but not through the support of the federal government or state and local governments. The origin or the rule of the role was in the 16 40s in massachusetts, and inherited law in england but they did not apply to foreigners but nativeborn british subjects and if you went to another county and seen as being a public charge, they could move you back to the county where you came from and i can a public charge or a dependent on these programs inyou were in and all a government supplied institution where they pay for all of your food and basically supported to entirely. That was the definition. The 1880s and in 1882 Congress Passed the immigration act of 1882 and that said that those likely to be a public charge are not allowed to enter into the United States, meaning that if they were live in an arms house, the entirely of the welfare state, they would be a public charge depending on services and would not be allowed to come but in 1881 the government passed a law that says if you immigrate to the United States and you become dependent with any first year of being here they can deport you from the country. The first time it was used in deportation. 1999, the government created a rule at that time that set what it needs to be a public charge is a majority of your money income comes from the government. A majority of it. The current rule now states that, if you are likely to use a government benefit in the future, nonmonetary or monetary, medicaid, food stamps, cash benefit, if you are likely to use one of those benefits for 12 months in a 36 month window in the future according to a formula a nonformula, a list of standards by a black box then the government will deny you a green card on that charge. Host who gets to determine likelihood . Guest there are numerous characteristics that deregulation puts in place to determine this. Age, health, assets, how you have used benefits in the past. They did not create a formula. They did not wake the different categories typically and who guess to decide it are Government Employees and the department of Homeland Security and the department of justice and the department of state. Department of Homeland Security for those already in the United States on another visa and seeking to adjust their status to a green card or another visa. ,f you disagree as an applicant you can soothe them because you are in the United States and if youre oversea seeking a green card you will deal with the department of state and if they turn you down you are out of luck. There is no legal recourse. Host more from ken to tonelli more on the rule. Che public charge as an individual who receives one or more Public Benefits for more than 12 months in the aggregate within any 36 month period. Receipt of two different benefits and one month counts as two months. Prospectiverge is and looks at whether an individual is likely at any aint in the future to become public charge as we define it in the regulation. Public benefits are defined as federal, state, and local, and tribal cash assistance, income maintenance, and a small list of noncash benefits. Some examples of the Public Benefits that are part of the rule are general assistance, ssi, snap, most forms of medicaid, and certain subsidized housing programs. The rule does not consider many forms of government assistance that protect children and pregnant Womens Health as Public Benefits. Generally this includes emergency medical assistance, disaster relief, National School chip,programs, ship medicaid for people under 21, or pregnant women, as well as foster care and adoption subsidies, student and mortgage loans, energy assistance, food pantries, homeless shelters, and head start. Host from the white house on monday. Alex nowrasteh, how does this change the face of immigration in the future . Guest not clear how this will affect it because there is no actual formula or waiting theme in the regulation that Government Employees have to follow and we can only presume, based on the intent of the administration and how this rule is more strict, more people will be denied green cars going forward. To give you an example for or historical context, between 2000 and last year 1 likelihoody high that this will increase going forward. Host the public charge rule that was announced this week, you have probably seen it in the news, our topic for the next half hour on washington journal. Alex nowrasteh is our guest. 1 if you are republican. 2027488000, if youre a democrat. An independents call 2027488002. Illegal immigrants call 2027488003. Alex nowrasteh, as folks are calling in, you talk about how much welfare and public assistance american citizens use versus noncitizens and what the costs are. Guest another area of the law that is important is most new immigrants to the u. S. Do not have access to welfare programs immediately when they get here with some exceptions like refugees. A result of this and the fact immigrants have a higher Labor Force Participation rate and other reasons, immigrants are less likely to use welfare programs than nativeborn americans and when they do it is usually at a lower dollar value. A per capita consumption of welfare programs by individual immigrants compared to individual natives who are foreignborn immigrants use about 39 less welfare, including the entitlement program, Social Security and medicare, the largest portions of the welfare state, and the means and medicaid for those in poverty. Host the difference between illegal immigrant you sent those to go through the legal system . Guest and the United States on a legal visa or have a green card now and on a legal visa, you are generally not allowed to use most welfare programs for the first five years you are here but some states can create different rules and some states allow legally present immigrants who are on a green card to get medicaid earlier than other states. The difference is that states have to pay for the difference in money themselves because these programs are funded by a combination of state and federal government. To expandte wants these programs for immigrants in the state not eligible under federal rules, they have to pay the difference. Host how do they do that how many states do that . ,uest 1520 have earlier depending on the welfare, some medicaid earlier and some host that is for legal immigrants . Guest yes. Illegal immigrants usually have no access to Welfare Benefits but a recent change in california is the expanded medicaid to some Illegal Immigrants who qualified and the state of california has to pay for the benefit. Illegal immigrants have access to wics, some emergency medicaid, and other support. Generally it is a small fraction of all welfare state spending in the United States. Host lets talk to callers. Jerry in new jersey you are a first. You are up first. Caller i have two questions. One, i heard democrats over and over on cspan say that the illegals do not get welfare and benefits. Evidently that was not correct. It seven it sounds like trump a meritbasedo system which is been talking about for a couple of years. People, are these illegals, supposedly paying taxes if they cannot get a security number . How is this working . This is such a fraud. How are they paying taxes . Where are they getting Social Security numbers . Guest great question. Generally democrats who say that about welfare and Illegal Immigrants, true but some small exceptions but true some Illegal Immigrants have some small access to welfare programs. It is important to understand that the rule put in place is not about stopping welfare in the United States by immigrants but about reducing the number of cards,who can get green but reducing the number of people who can immigrate to the United States based on the judgment cards, but reducing the number of of a mostly nonreviewable judgment by a government bureaucrat. Host Legal Immigration number four year in the u. S. Per year in the u. S. . Guest about a Million People a , morenter on a green card than half have already been here on another visa, less than half have come from abroad. Host ties that a consistent from the Obama Administration through the trumpet nutrition . Guest it has been Trump Administration . Guest it has been consistent since the 2000s because of statutory design and partly because of chance because a large portion of the immigrants who come into the estates of green cards are three noncap and immediate relatives category, spouses and young children. In terms of the taxes that you legal immigrants pay, Illegal Immigrants pay, between 55 and 75 of illegals immigrants have pay deducted from their paychecks and there are ways to do this, one is by using a stolen Social Security number, and the other way is by an identity loan which is where an individual will let another immigrant use their legal identity for work purposes. Often time somebody will retire and give a nephew or friend their Social Security number and set use this at work. Generally, that is how it is done. Host does the money still going to the system for stolen so security numbers . Guest yes, money paid into the system but the Illegal Immigrants who are doing the work do not have access to the benefits. If theyre using somebody elses Social Security number, that person will eventually have access to the benefits but there are other issues with fraud and stolen Social Security numbers, prevalent taxes, it is not a victimless crime to do that but made necessary unfortunately for a lot of people because of the i9 restrictions that prevent the hiring of Illegal Immigrants which is a government form, when we get a job we shall government id and fill out a form that says where legally allowed to work in the United States and that creates an incentive for Illegal Immigrants to steal somebodys id for employment purposes. When the laws were put in place there was not that much Identity Theft that there is now more because Illegal Immigrants are incentivized to do that because they need the identity to work. Is next in ohio, republican, good morning. Caller good morning. Host go ahead. Caller somebody i know moved to ecuador and when they moved there they had to get an fbi check, police check, fingerprints, they had to provide all kinds of papers and they had to prove that they could take care of themselves. Over there you are entitled to zero. You get nothing. These people come to this country with a shirt on the back and expect the american taxpayer to take care of them and the family and the socalled unaccompanied children. This country is a debtor nation at when they called in our debt, we are bankrupt, the people on welfare here, better wake up. Guest the welfare state is a problem. The way to deal with this is not through a public charge rule that is designed to limit Legal Immigration but instead by building a wall around the welfare state, not around the country, a large report we did about how to do this in the United States and lawful immigrants in the United States have to show, they have to submit Police Records and security records. The caller makes a very good point and that is that the United States fiscal problems are very bad but they are not going to be solved by tinkering with immigration on the edges, they will be resolved by getting the fiscal house in order. Host Mark Krikorian will be on next to talk about everify and he was quoted in the Washington Times today about the public charge rule change, this is what he had to say. This rule is taking a principle that immigrants should be able to pay their own bills and translating it into the modern conditions of the welfare state, we should have done this before and it brings a basic difference of perspective about immigration policy, the purpose of immigration policy to benefit americans already here or is it to benefit the immigrants coming here . Guest that would make sense if there was a value determination to the Welfare Benefits that these folks are receiving. At le as it stands and it will be put in place is not the value of the benefits you use but whether you are in a program or not. If you can about the fiscal impact and Economic Impact of these folks and what they could have, there would be a value determination, how much welfare are they using . If you had 97 of your income that is coming from your own work at 3 from a welfare program, it doesnt matter if it is 3 or 70 as long as you use one program. That is a big problem. The value of Welfare Benefits is more important than whether you are using a program or not. I want to reduce all of it. Host judy in delaware, democrat. Good morning. Caller good morning. Can you hear me . Host yes. Caller i would like to clear up what the definition of illegal immigrant is. Most people get the image that an illegal immigrant is coming from one specific area, more than likely south america or mexico. Would you expound on the fact that there were other illegal aliens coming from europe and other places . Guest yes, thank you. The majority of Illegal Immigrants presently in the United States are from mexico and Central America. Mexicans for the first time dropped below a majority of those who are not legally present in the United States, Central American numbers are going up and caribbean numbers, but there are several hundred thousand from south america, from africa, europe, and asia, as well in the United States. Somebodymmigrant is who is not lawfully present in the United States or they overstayed their visa or entered illegally and they can be removed and imported once they come in contact with immigrations and Custom Enforcement in the United States. A lot of people do not know their immigration status because the laws are second and complexity only to the income tax. It is a simple definition at least on paper. Host janet is a legal immigrant in tucson, arizona. Caller good morning. My question is, how does this new public charge rule affect legal residents wanting to become u. S. Citizens . How will the public charge rule affect them . I also wanted to clarify that legal immigrants can be issued a tax id number to the irs so they do pay taxes. My question really is about the citizenship situation. Host where did you immigrate from and what has been a process for you . Caller i came from columbia at six years old, we came here legally and we had green cards and i was not even aware of the immigration issue until i moved from florida to arizona. In my line of work i deal with a lot of legal immigrants who have tax id numbers. Based on the most recent changes with the tax law, these people do not even get the Child Tax Credit or additional Child Tax Credit as they used to get before and they are now paying significant amount of money into the system by not receiving any of the credits that legal immigrants are u. S. Citizens. There is a huge misconception about that. T are you in the task taxpreparation business . Caller yes and a paralegal. I deal with a lot of small businesses. Food vendors. People that clean houses for a living and they have tax id numbers and they pay the taxes. Thank you for adding that about tax id numbers. The other side of the taxes you is you cannot avoid paying excise taxes, sales taxes, property taxes, all of these other taxes that fill the coffers of state and local governments. Thank you for adding that. ,hen it comes to naturalization the public charge rule will not affect whether you decide to become a citizen or not but it will affect whether you decide to get another visa or a green card, which is the first step to eventually naturalizing. Host jesse in new albany, indiana come independent. Independent. Caller i am glad she called from arizona and shine light on the tax id number. There is so many workarounds and when the Cato Institute or think tanks come up with these numbers that illegals are paying their fair share of taxes and are not on welfare illegally, but they have no idea, that is a falsity as it is hard to track something that is not being tracked. In other words, nobody is really looking at the underground economy that exists in these communities. I live in a rule area, i am right outside of louisville. Have appens is that you community of illegals and they work within that community, some goats, raise chickens, that type of thing. It is all done outside of the usda and it is all done without paying taxes. We do not see any of that revenue and that is not counted. Host that is jesse in new albany. This is the report from the Cato Institute come immigration and the welfare state from may of 2018, one of the authors ours you is you. Issue of welfare use, we lose we use Government Debt and did not create any data, we looked at the individual use by foreign status of the governments data and i think you raise a good point, which is, a lot of immigration, a quarter of immigration in the United States are not legally present and ,llegal immigrants, as a result it is difficult to understand what they are doing for the same reason you said, they do not want to be found and surveyed. That is a problem with any black market in the United States and the solution is to legalize that blackmarket. We have other indications, we do have excised taxes, a lot of them pay property taxes, all of the other taxes that are not tied to your individual identity whenever youou pay go to the store and buy something or whenever your property assessor comes by or whenever you have to pay property taxes in your state. It is virtually impossible to avoid a large number of those taxes. We have a pretty good indication of this and the amount. These are just estimates, i would love to have perfect numbers but we do not have that for anybody. Host whered you get the numbers from, what agency . Guest a lot from the u. S. That is aother survey supplemental income and Program Participation survey that comes up every four years in ways, 2015 number seven been released. That is another source of information. Host speaking of black markets, are there other blackmarket should be legalized . Guest immigration is my specialty but generally i think legalizing drugs, moving that blackmarket, moving a lot of rules when it comes to black market firearm ownership and making it easier for people to legally owned firearms in the United States. Ways to reduce radically the size of black market, especially drugs, and my colleague wrote a report about how Marijuana Legalization in a handful of american states has collapsed marijuana smuggling across southwest border. It has decimated it. That is a large benefit, the law and order and we should do that with other drugs. Host cato. Org. Alex nowrasteh, an immigration policy analyst. Taking your next your phone calls for the next 1520 minutes. Doug in florida. Caller good morning, how are you doing . Host good. Caller i had this one question, Donald Trumps inlaws came from another country and are now citizens. Where do they work or do they daughter who lives off her husband who lives of the government, dont they have to go . Guest no. They are american citizens. They were naturalized a few years ago. I may be wrong about that but they do not have to go. I do not think it is right to make them go. I want to apply better roles to everybody. Rules to everybody. I could not tell you the specific details but i do not think they should go. Host sandy in washington come independent. Sandy in washington, independent. I wanted to put a little twist here. I am 72. I was born and raised in an agriculture part of the state in idaho. In the 1950s and 1960s when i was in junior high and high school, we had harvest vacations, two weeks every fall, and the kids went and worked on the farms and whatnot. Very low money. Hard work. That 1960s time and will say0s when, i this because so many people do not seem to remember how this whited, quite America America come agriculture, big companies, get wealthy white men, they decided they would bring illegals in. In the early part of that, some of those farmers got caught and were fined. I remember a few that were jailed for a time because they were bringing in illegal mexicans to do this terribly hard work for next to nothing. Prior to all of that, we had Migrant Workers who came from the florida places and they came to do the heavier agricultural acorn and the grain with the corn and the grain. When you started seeing who i personally think, mexicans are some of the hardest working people i have ever seen, and some of the nicest people. I get so upset when i listen to cspans people of the United States of america, i cannot imagine where their heart or mind is, because, if you want to blame anybody, you have to start at the very top, the government rich mena, the white, of america, they have abused and exploited the mexican people. Host that is sandy in washington. Guest very important come immigrants come to United States because we want to hire them and rent to them and sell to them. We want them to be our customers and family members. Unfortunately, federal government rules are so restrictive that the majority of those who want to come here cannot do so legally. You talk about your experience in idaho as a young child working in agriculture during that time. There was also a guest Worker Visa Program for mexicans that allow them to come up and agriculturein agriculture during the late 1940s, 1950s, early 1960s, go back home when theyre done which created a circular flow and cut the number of Illegal Immigrants in the United States 90 in two years and drop the flow of Illegal Immigrants into the u. S. By 95 over two years, it saw the ilLegal Immigration problem because the government created a way for people to enter legally and to work. What we need now is an expanded way to do this. On the news now people are talking about the migrant surge at the border, Central Americans, talking about salvador guatemala, el , not talking about mexicans and the reason they are not talking about mexicans anymore, even though mexicans dominated ilLegal Immigration for the vast majority of American History, it is because they get a large number of temporary guest workers now call the h2 which has crusty ilLegal Immigration from mexico by channeling it into the illegal market. Comeed to create a way to here legally and perhaps temporarily go back and that would solve the blackmarket problem once and for all and put me out of a job. Ohio,juanita, cincinnati, a democrat. Caller i have a few things to say. Grandfather,de, my he did not answer the latest question, he talked about ilLegal Immigration from south america and north america come he said europe america, he said europe. I have been to south boston. I am 60. I do not feel safe there i am 68. I do not feel safe there. Host i am i assume she is talking about ilLegal Immigration from places besides Central America and mexico . Guest 80 come from Central America, south america, the caribbean, more than 80 . Several hundred thousand from asiae, africa, china, east but the majority are from our hemisphere. That is because it is easy to come here from the western hemisphere been from elsewhere. One of the main checks from ilLegal Immigration is not allowing a visa for them to fly here. That means that mexicans and Central Americans and people from the caribbean and south america have another option which is walking across the board are. A french illegal immigrant cannot walk your, they have to go to the Visa Waiver Program or get a visa and very few want to become Illegal Immigrants or immigrate here because europe is developed with a high income and the economic benefits of doing so is fairly small. A mexican who comes to the United States expects a threefold increase in wages, adjusting for the cost of living , while europeans will not expect much, a lot smaller difference. Host 10 or 15 minutes left with Alex Nowrasteh at the Cato Institute. For al phone line,o, fore line, 2027488003, legal immigrants. Undocumented immigrants and taxes. Can you put a number on what undocumented immigrants pay in taxes . Guest that is very hard to do. I can talk about specific programs which generally pay 10 billion a year into Social Security funds. We all know Social Security has serious physical problems and legal imMigrant Workers will not fix it but they are contributing positively to the programs and overall to medicare. The big Positive Side of this is they generally have very little access to Welfare Benefits but also generally make low incomes. They will not pay lower taxes in a place like california because of how high the progressive state income taxes, but in florida or texas, which do not have income taxes as they were Land Property and sales taxes, they do very well they and the state of texas did a study for 12 years and estimate Illegal Immigrants pay 400 400 million to 500 many dollars more to the state than a takeout. Host jupiter florida, john, good morning. Caller i would like to segue into the previous subject. The immigration problem is affecting rural hospitals in a way they do not have insurance and by law the hospitals are forced to treat them. How could any hospital stay in business with this sort of setup . It will not work. What destroys the communities in these rural areas, and various other ways also. Guest there is a problem with u. S. Law about getting medical care in hospitals. 1986 says the hospital has to stabilize you before transferring you to another hospital with killed the Charity Hospital industry in the United States and emergency medicaid which basically covers anybody who shows up at a lot of these hospitals. The government cost is in the billions of dollars per year, low billions of dollars but it is a problem and primarily affects places along the border. That is a fairly simple legal fix, repealing portions of that act. That is largely a problem with the welfare state. We can fix that through very small reforms of the welfare state. That will not be remedied by tinkering are trying to tinker with the Legal Immigration system because the majority of these folks are Illegal Immigrants who are much less likely to consume health care in the United States than anybody else and have Better Health outcomes. Host louisville, kentucky, dean, independent. About ou talk [indiscernible] when we built the statue of liberty, they came in humble, the poor, they had to have a work ethic and support themselves. They could be sick. They send people back to europe because they had health problems. Tb. Guest there are Health Checks currently on legal immigrants but people who sneak in not legally do not go through them and it should be easier for people to enter legally so they can be checked out. Having children in Emergency Rooms or in hospitals, for poor people, a lot of the benefits are covered by the u. S. Governments new emergency medicaid or the women infants and children program, a lot of the costs are covered. That is a problem with the welfare state but you have to take into account, not just the money spent by the government, but also taxes this new american citizen will pay throughout the rest of their lives. One of the main problems with Social Security and medicare now , besides the fact their unsustainable and not welldesigned, we have fewer people than anticipated with the birth rate being lower and having more young people in the United States who will grow up and be workers eventually, that in the long run will at least put a little bit more money into these programs and maybe give congress more breathing room to reform them. Host fred in maryland, republican. Good morning. Caller thank you. Excellent program and thank you for cspan. If some individuals in the United States illegally have stolen Social Security numbers to work, they essentially have stolen identities. Is it possible they could use those credentials to vote illegally . Guest yes, that is possible. There have been investigations in texas to try to look at this. And the number of voter fraud cases by immigrants is very low. But that is another flag. Immigrants doal not want contact with Law Enforcement or the government very much because they will harass them and deport them. That is one reason why immigrants, legal and illegal, even though some of them have access to Welfare Benefits, they do not usually access them because they are afraid, they do not want to get in contact with the government and voting is something you put yourself in direct contract with the government. People do not come to this country to vote but to work, especially you legal immigrants and they do not want to Illegal Immigrants and they do not want to increase their chances of being apprehended and that is why evidence suggests Illegal Immigrants are less likely to commit other crimes like filings and property crimes. There are a handful of cases of Illegal Immigrants voting illegally but the numbers are small. Host continue discussions about what services Illegal Immigrants use in this country. Childrenrings up the illegal of immigrants and schools and Emergency Rooms, could you speak to that and the cost of that . Guest as the Public Schools, the person is right, under the 1982 Supreme Court decision, states cannot discriminate against Illegal Immigrants when it comes to access to Public Schools, you have to let them in. Children of Illegal Immigrants who are born here and american citizens have access to the Welfare Benefits and the Public School. Andosts between 10,000 30,000 per year per student in the United States. Depending on how you count it. There are large outlays for everybody. That to theompare taxes that these folks will pay throughout the rest of their working lives. If you just look at because when they are young, that will get a biased sample and if that was the way you look at it it would never make sense for anybody to have children under any circumstances ever but that would lead to a lot more than a fiscal catastrophe but a catastrophe. Host rich, easton, pennsylvania, democrats. Caller good morning, john. I have a person who worked at the Social Security office and in,told me that people come maybe with their son, who is a professional, and they bring the parents from say like india and they come in with their suitcases still with the tax on onm from the airport tags them from the airport in the first thing they do is sign up for Social Security. Are they able to collect . She said they collect 700 each. I know people that do not get that after working most of their lives. Guest in order to get Social Security, you have to pay certain amount of taxes into the Social Security program for 10 years, 40 quarters and generally the eligibility for medicare, more means testing so you have paye poor but also have to in the system for a long time, 40 quarters to get access so my greatgrandmother who immigrated , she eventually did get Social Security benefits after she worked in the u. S. For about 15 years but would have not been able to even though she was elderly during much of that time to get the benefits because she did not pay into the system. Host salem, missouri, ronald, republican. Caller it is very disingenuous the way you portray the illegal alien, when they arrived to the assets they apply for an asylum and get temporary legal status and the idea of them not eligible for Social Security, and is part of the program they are eligible and do not have to work one day and can draw out of that. It amazes me, you sit there and lie. Guest asylum with illegal status, some of the people getting asylum will become Illegal Immigrants in the future but are not illegal currently and we should only count Illegal Immigrants when they are actually Illegal Immigrants. Ssi, that comes out of it but the caller was asking about Social Security Retirement Benefits but there are a limited ability for ssi, some immigrants do have access for these payments but it is more restrictive than you make it sound. When it comes to Social Security , most of the benefits are Retirement Benefits and that is the reason why the government is running from a deficit within the Social Security program. And is the big enchilada what we need to focus on and i believe that is what the caller was talking about. Host tom in harrisburg pennsylvania, independent. Caller i have to agree with the last caller. We lose way more money than we get. Look at landscaping, they get into an accident, infrastructure, who pays for that, us. The biggest lie, and the chamber of commerce will tell you this, they do jobs nobody else wants. Total bs. They have been saying it for years. Technology on these farms, there are plenty of jobs for just americans here legally. Number 3 host let me let him respond because were running out of time. Guest if you want to check out the Research Look at the peerreviewed academic research, the overwhelming finding by skeptics of immigration such as short for half come immigrants having more people here working as it benefit to everybody, and increases specialization and production and output. This country is whether because of immigrants and will be wealthier because of immigrants and will be in the future and thanks to other americans hard work. ,iscal benefit, you are right some of these costs and programs are a problem. You have to compare it to the taxes that these folks pay over their lives and other americans pay because they are here, as well as realize the problem with these benefits, the problems are the benefits, the welfare state, the other rules that increase the money spent by the government and taxpayers on these programs. If that is your actual concern, you should target these programs and be concerned about welfare and not about immigrants. Host Alex Nowrasteh is an immigration policy analyst at the cato as a two and you can see his work at cato. Org. Next, the everify program, how it works and who uses it and who doesnt . That conversation with Mark Krikorian for the center of Immigration Studies in just a minute. A, doug mills talks about photos covering President Trump. He enjoys having us around, i believe that despite his constant comments about fake news and the media, i think he enjoys having us around because it drives his message and helps day, whichews of the he can do every day and does every day. He is constantly driving the message and therefore having us around really allows them to do that. Sunday night at 8 00 eastern on cspans q a. Saturday on american streets tv 10 00 p. M. Eastern on real america, the 1970 film communists on campus. Their mission proudly proclaimed that finally overthrow of the democratic system and yet our nation seems unbelieving, even not concerned. Sunday morning at 10 00 eastern on oral history, woodstock cocreator because how the festival came together. I said if we took it outside, come he janis joplin said 50,000 people would come. My wife said there will be more than 300,000. Just like that. I swear to god, i looked and i saw that field. Everybody says i spaced out in the movie, of course, i was looking at a dream that came true. At 6 00, Virginia Museum of history curator on their exhibit on 400 years of africanAmerican History. They were not content with their lot, they wanted to resist their enslavement and they tried to run away. Unfortunately, they were captured and as punishment for their attempt to escape, Robert Carter got permission from the court in 1708 to have their toes cut off. Explore our nations passed on american industry tv every weekend on cspan3. Washington journal continues. Mark krikorian joining us for a discussion on everify in the wake of the i. C. E. Enforcement efforts that netted undocumented workers. What is everify and who has to use it . Guest a free Online System that is not mandatory, voluntary but about half of new hires are screened through it and it is free for employers and when you take the information for your new hire that you have to click for Social Security and irs, you have to have their information for your payroll, this enables you to check whether the person you hire is actually telling you the truth about who they are. You enter their name, Social Security number, date of birth, and it matches, is the number real . Is the person claiming to be an eightyearold . The point is to screen out illegal workers and people with fake id. A can be full but a lot harder than the mickey mouse paperbased system fooled but a lot harder than the mickey macebased they persecute mickey mousebased paper system. It puts information against the sosa security ministries and because they are checking your sosa security number and the names and date of birth Social Security number and the names of date names and date of birth. It was mandated as a Pilot Program in the 1996 Immigration Law. It was in the george w. Bush immigration that it got its current branding as everify. It has been growing consistently with about three quarters of a million employers using it. But about half of all new hires are screened through it. It is extremely effective. Most of the people who are bounced back as what they call a tentative nonconfirmation, a yellow flag. They are actually u. S. Citizens, women who got married but did not tell Social Security their married name and they go to Social Security and clean it up. I know when organization with two instances like that. In some sense it is a Public Service because you want to know that Social Security has reformation wrong when youre 25 and not safety five has your information while when youre 25 and not 65. Host numbers from mitt romneys 864,000he painted at employers. That is 14 of u. S. Employers. Who are that 14 . Guest mainly bigger employers because that is why 14 of employees by 50 or more are all new hires. Usesompanies, mcdonalds, everify. It used to be the biggest employer of Illegal Immigrants because it is such a huge employer. A love large employers use it and one of the ways ordinary people can check is a lot of employers that use it will have a sticker on the door or some kind of logo. We have it on our website because we have used it for years. You have to get an ok from everify to do that. That is one of the ways you can check. In a lot of cases Illegal Immigrants themselves will watch out for it and if they see it, they will go and apply somewhere else. Host talking about everify. Mark krikorian can answer your questions. 2027488000, if you are a democrat. 2027488001 if you are a republican. 2027488002 for independents. Business owners, call 2027488003. Do we know, in the wake of the i. C. E. Efforts in mississippi, did those employers use everify . Guest a couple good and it is mandatory in mississippi to use it because even though at the federal level it is voluntary, the Supreme Court has ruled that states and localities can make their own everify requirements as a condition of having a business license because the business license is a local or state authority and they are allowed to have that string attached. , they were not enforcing or auditing very well and not only, there were seven plants rated, not all of them used it and the ones who did, it is not clear whether they were using it properly. I. C. E. Mean by that is, collected a lot of activity on employers, the kind of thing that often happens is a company uses everify and the management will say we sign it and use it, but the actual Human Resources people who do the work and hire the Illegal Immigrants say, i will enter this number for you as your Social Security number and you are now john jones, this is your date of birth. They are partners, coconspirators in the illegal act of hiring and that requires enforcement. Host what is the penalty, is a criminal . Guest it can be, either civil or criminal and usually they just bring civil fines against the company. What happens often is that as long asger i. C. E. Possible and get the fine down to a small level. Fines need to be higher. There are potential criminal charges but the way the law is written, hard to make the criminal charges stick. Because you have to be able to prove that they knowingly hired the illegal immigrant. That becomes a harder thing to do. Host what do you expect will happen to the seven companies in mississippi . Ice and u. S. Hat attorney has said, there will be criminal charges. Thatvision of i. C. E does these things, there are two, they are mostly former customs people and they do not care about enforcement and go after people who make fake gucci handbags. If theyre going to get immigration, they try to do it as something that will get indictments. They spent a lot of time with internal informants in these factories. I expect in the next few weeks or couple months you will hear about indictments against some companies. Host why isnt everify mandatory for every company . Guest the California Farm Bureau doesnt want to be. ,he u. S. Chamber of commerce the most important lobbying group in the United States or in washington anyway, was resistant to everify. Everify. They did not want it to be mandatory. Once the Supreme Court ruled local and state governments could have their own everify mandates, the u. S. Chamber of commerce said ok, we are for national mandatory everify as long as we have one will that applies across the whole country. As opposed to 50 or even many more because counties and cities could do it. They are now in the same side as the procontrol immigration groups on this issue. Even the American Farm bureau, the National Farm lobby, agreed in the Previous Congress to back and your verify mandate for increased an everify amended. The California Farm Bureau specifically has said under no circumstances. Leader of thety house of representatives is a California Republican in april district. That matters. Until that obstacle can be overcome we will not be able to see whether the democrats who say they are for everify will back it. Generally their position on the left has been we are for everify but only once every illegal immigrant has been legalized so there are no more illegal aliens. Host anne is from tampa bay, florida. Caller nice to speak to you both. I wanted to say i have been following this issue. More than five years ago, the gang of eight hearing took place in the senate. I did watch the whole thing on cspan. It was incredibly good. I remember when they discussed the program. I want to say to your guest he knows exactly what he is talking about. Feinstein did not want to have it. Exemptions for her state. Mr. Schumer, as i recall correctly, wanted a big exemption from the everify going through because he wanted to protect his airline workers. If you look at that film, he says i want exemption for my airline employees. They mean a lot to me. Isould like to say this something that maybe the government cannot handle. If there is anybody out there tion softwareica programs and want to sell it to states, maybe states should look into that. I dont care if it is a national program. There are pockets in United States where people are working for Government Entities like in florida on different programs. It is just going to be a quagmire. Host Mark Krikorian . Guest i dont member that specific instance of schumer wanting that carveout but that is the kind of thing you hear all the time. Hey politician says im all for this program, except this particular constituent donor group of mine needs to get a special deal. That is white everify needs to apply to all new hires, period. The legislation that has come up a number of times almost passed in the Previous Congress. It was bundled with a larger bill. It would phase it in. The first year big employers would have to use it in the next year small or once and that kind of thing. The biggest employers are the ones who can handle it most easily. They have big Human Resources departments. Phasing it in makes sense, but having these carveouts where this industry doesnt have to use it, that is just not the way to get things done. Maryland lf from marcel from maryland. E verification and tax id. They dont have a tax id. How do you reconcile those . Guest good question. The number he is talking about looks like a Social Security number but its an individual tax id number. Iten is the shorthand. Is for the people not americans or residents of the United States. Basically foreigners of Bank Accounts here. What happened is the irs started issuing them to Illegal Immigrants. There are a lot of instances where an illegal immigrant will give the fake or stolen Social Security number to his employer, but they will file a tax return with the irs using the real number the irs gave them. Who most Illegal Immigrants are because they have their tax returns, which have two different numbers. Instead of somebody with legitimate numbers where they are the same. If you enter a tax id number into everify, it will read flag you. That is not a Social Security number. And using a tax id number to file taxes are Illegal Immigrants by definition in almost every case because the numbers for people who are not working, dont live here but have to pay taxes anyway. They dont have a Social Security number. If you have a bank account, you have to pay taxes on the interest. That is what the number is for. If someone is working and uses that number they are in illegal immigrant by definition. Host are there efforts to compare those two forms . Guest sure. The irs knows who they are and could not care less because they have said our mission is to collect taxes and to send out refunds and nothing else. We dont care about immigration status. That is the kind of thing the irs says this is a statutory mandate. We are not allowed to do anything. This is Something Congress needs to address. Host what are the disadvantages of everify . Guest not many. It is free. Accuratebably the most federal Government Program there is. It does take a few minutes to do it but it is part of the hiring process. You are taking time to do that anyway. The disadvantage, to the extent there is one, is it is not perfect. You can still sneak through everify, potentially legitimately. You have to have a custommade fake identity because the data birth has to be similar to yours. You can get a name and Social Security number anywhere. Date of birth has to match yours and increasingly the photo has to look like you because if you present a green card, they work permit, a passport, your picture comes up. In eight or 10 states now, and the number is increasing, if you present a drivers license, a legitimate one in a database of that state also pops up. Lotan be fooled but its a harder to fool legitimately. The hiring person is in cahoots with the illegal worker, it can be fooled but thats a crime. Legitimately it is hard to fool but it can be done. Host how long have you been calling for mandatory everify usage . Guest even before they called everify. We have always been before we have always been for this. If Congress Passed this today and its phased in over three or four years it is not like immigration bingo would disappear. The legislation deals with right now it is only for new hires. Do you everify the people working for you . In some cases federal contractors have to. We pass it today, ilLegal Immigration does not go away. It is the single most important step we need to take for controlling ilLegal Immigration. Host what is the center for Immigration Studies . Guest we are a small think tank in d. C. There our Department Store think tanks for health care. We are a little think tank running between the legs of the dinosaurs. We have been around since 1985. All we do is look at the different kinds of impacts immigration in general, legal and illegal, has on the United States. Whether it is economic, security, population. For ak to make a case proimmigrant policy of lower immigration. Fewer immigrants in the future, but a warmer welcome for those we do take in. Host cis. Org is the website. If you want to talk to Mark Krikorian, the lines are open. 202 democrats 7488003. Kurt from las vegas. Caller i read an article that trump proposed a 10 cut in everify. I was wondering what the state of things, 100,000 people trying to get in every day at the southern border, do you think trump will change his mind and propose a winter percent increase to everify . Host are you talking about funding . Caller funding from the federal government. I read this article three month ago. It was broadcast on tucker carlson. I am not familiar specifically with what hes talking about but everify does not cost that much. Even expanding it to every employer in the country would not cost that much more because they already have the i. T. Capacity to screen every single new hire. Host are we talking millions . Guest millions, obviously. This is washington. I dont know the actual number. Newould expanded to all hires and still would not really increase the cost very much. The interesting point is the president has always been kind of skeptical about everify. Is a series of stories in the Washington Post of that suggest one of the reasons is his businesses use a lot of Illegal Immigrants. Im not saying the president knowingly broke the law. If you run a golf course and you dont have everify, you are probably hiring Illegal Immigrants. There was no way around it. My sense is that is one of the reasons for his skepticism. Host have you talked to the white house about this issue . Guest not specifically. Host what issues have they consulted with you one . Guest things like welfare use and that sort of thing. Overall numbers, the different visa programs and that sort of thing. Host tony out of maryland, independent. Good morning. Caller good morning. Im a little late to come in on the program. Irsceived a letter from the a couple of months ago indicating somebody could have used migh my Social Security number for employment. It made me go to the office. I was wondering whether or not 70 could use somebody could use my Social Security number in california or upper maryland. Although im retired im still eligible to work. I dont know how the system works and whether or not they can identify somebody using my number. Guest this kind of things happens all the time. This is one of the big problems ilLegal Immigration causes. Supposedly it is a victimless crime. Nobody is harmed by it. The fact is millions of americans are victims of Identity Theft and identity fraud. Everify actually is helpful. It does not solve the problem but there is something called everify self check. You can google that. You can everify yourself first of all just to make sure they have your information right. You can also lock your Social Security number down so you can unlock it if you were to get a new job. It would be checked. If you lock your Social Security number, its a free service site. Everify you can lock your Social Security number. This does not mean and other purposes somebody cant steal your id for nonemployment purposes, but thats a way to make sure someone cant use your Social Security number and steal it to get a job you legally. That causes all kinds of problems when their ids are stolen. Host houston, texas, charlotte, republican. Company, worked for a a big Construction Company who used everify. The hr involved that went scammed, for lack of a better term they would hire the illegal and tell them they needed to pay them 200 every week out of their paycheck or they would make sure they got fired. There are ways around the everify i think need to be addressed. Guest there is no question there are ways around it but youre describing criminal activity. Any government requirement has criminal activity. You dont pay your taxes. You can do that but youre committing a crime. In this case the Human Resources employee, as well as the Illegal Immigrants themselves were engaging not just in a civil violation, but thats actual criminal activity. The challenge often for Law Enforcement, and this is the same kind of thing in drug organizations, how do you move up the chain . How do you move up from that Human Resources person who is engaging in criminal activity to see if you can get to higher management . Often what you see in the reason is hard to go after the ceos of these companies is because they maintained a plausible deniability. There is a wink and a nudge and there is no proof they were telling the hr people to do this kind of thing. That is one of the reasons people, while they are legitimately angry that ceos dont get hit, its difficult to go after them because they have these layers of protection they build around himself. Host i dont know how you feel about hypotheticals. If a vote in congress happened this year to make everify mandatory, what is your production of the outcome of that boat . It would of that vote . Guest nancy pelosi would not allow it on the floor. Im not letting republicans off the hook because of them are pretty bad too, but there is no way the democrats would allow it. Part of it at this point is simply because the it. Nistration wants if President Trump wants it, the democrats dont. The sky is blue and they would say no, it is green. There is simply no way it is going to come up in the next before Congress Changes in 2021. Host you are interviewing senator tom cotton recently. You talked about the hurdles when it comes to mandatory everify. Here is what he had to say from that. [video] i speak to Senior Business executives and industries that do rely heavily on immigrant labor. They frequently tell me we think we need more workers. We understand you dont use it see it that way but we use everify. We want to make sure every person that works here is legally authorized to be in this country and work. Part of the reason we do that is what we say we need more workers, we want to be able to say all of our workers are legal as well. Still plenty of employers who would rather not do that and rather look the other way and benefit from more lower wages. Who are kind left of devoted to identity politics and dont to do anything that smacks of internal enforcement. Host Mark Krikorian, can you talk about the members of congress to come for your institute and the conversations you have with them . Guest there are real champions of everify. Who are never tired from the house were really leaders on this, congressman goodlatte, chairman of the judiciary committee. Before him, lamar smith of texas who retired this Previous Congress. He is the when he wrote the mandatory everify bill a number of years ago and has been a champion of it for years. There are people who really are champions and understand this. Senator cotton and senator perdue cosponsored a broader bill on immigration. Romneytingly, senator also is trying to get something passed that conceivably might get passed. He is figuring democrats are not going to go for mandatory everify. What about simply making everify permanent . The weight is now the way it is now it has to be reauthorized in the budget process. Bill simplyduced a to make it permanent. It does not make it mandatory but every year it doesnt have to be reauthorized. I would not hold my breath but thats at least a realistic goal. Host for folks not into how d. C. Works, how usual is a permanent authorization . Guest there are both kinds. A lot of things are permanent the authorized. Much of the immigration cis, the, the u. S. Part of Homeland Security that theyvisas and green cards, have a variety of functions permanently authorized. There are others that have to be authorized every year. It gives opponents a chance to either kill it or use it as leverage to try to get something else. Everifyly authorizing does not mean you permanently funded but congress does not have to every year say this is allowed to continue. Thats an important if modest step forward. Aligned set aside for Business Owners if you have questions about everify. Edward and washington, d. C. , a democrat. Caller good morning, cspan. We need to stop frightening undocumented people and stop using terms like illegal using and start stop separating from the. This is an immigrant mission. They all came to the United States seeking better lives. My father came to this country has an immigrant person. He was a veterinarian. Number 45 ist, using this as a Political Tool that will get his base excited and it will frighten people. We should stop doing that. Point, andimportant this is a basic point that goes deeper than everify, do we want to have limits on immigration or not . If the answer is yes that we will have some limits on immigration because there are hundreds of millions of people close to 200 billion people that would want to move here tomorrow if they could. Many more would Something Like that started. If youre not for unlimited immigration, there are always going to be Illegal Immigrants. You have to have limits and those limits have to be enforced. Either you or for unlimited immigration as her previous guest is in favor of, no limits whatsoever, anybody can move here, they have a right to move here. Four immigration is a privilege that we limit and there will always be people that want to break those rules. There will always be Illegal Immigrants and the need for immigration enforcement. Topic youking on a are interested in as well, the public charge rule. Your thoughts on that . We saw the quote from you in the Washington Times. Guest it is long overdue to lay out in more detail what a public charge is. The basic concept is something people understand. Immigrants should not be allowed to move here if they cant support themselves. This is not just something the federal government required in the 1800s. Thats the federal law. This is something that dates to the 1600s. The first Immigration Law ever passed in america was in Massachusetts Bay colony in 1645. It said people who cant support themselves should not be allowed to move to the colony. What the new public charge rule simply does is overturn a clinton era rule that ineffective find welfare use only to cash benefits. You could be considered selfsufficient as an immigrant so long as you did not use cash welfare, but got food stamps, medicare, medicaid, public housing. As long as it was not cash. That is an almost meaningless thing. Out inle simply lays more detail in a modern welfare state what is it mean to be a socalled public charge. What is it mean to be able to support yourself or living off the money of the taxpayer . Host dave, independent. Good morning. Caller good morning. Privilege and a your guest is certainly informative. I appreciate it. Systemas how long is the to being hacked, i know the guy before asked about illegal Social Security numbers. How vulnerable is the system to be hacked and to be able to extract information from u. S. Citizens . Guest as far as hacking from the outside, i dont know anything about i. T. Security. In a sense there is not much to hack. Everify is not a database that has all your information on it. That is what the Social Security administration has everify is the window through which an employer can check whether the Social Security information is correct or not. Everify itself is not some vast database. It is just a tool to look at Social Security and in some cases Homeland Security information. That is where the hacking issue has to be focused. I have no idea. I dont know anything about that. Host carl, democrat. Caller good morning. I have a question. Ago, many years europeans came over here. Reading i researched it. 1820, europe was not able to take care of a lot of people. Mmigration issues not aware the information you are sharing with the people. They wont bring it up for a vote because everybody here is an immigrant. Africanamericans, everybody. We are not really talking about the issue. This is been around over 600 years. T guest what happened is that is when the federal government starts recording immigration information. When you look at the historical data, 1820 is when it starts. Host why then . Guest im not sure. The port inspectors in new york started collecting the information. The interesting thing is when you look further back through the whole sweep of American History, immigration has gone up and down. We had significant immigration until the french and indian war. Immigration stopped until around the 1820s. Then it started again. 1848 is when immigration really exploded because of the irish potato famine and the uprisings in germany. About 1924 wel had a lifetimes worth of high immigration. Then low emigration. Now high immigration again. High levels like we are experiencing today is not some constant in American History. We have always had some immigration but it fluctuates. We are just in another wave. The idea of reducing it to a somewhat lower level is not some unprecedented thing in our history. Host about five minutes left. I wanted to ask the new york about the New York Times story that mentions the center for Immigration Studies. Looking at the funding that cordelia may give to your group and other groups. The New York Times calling her one of those who bankrolled the founding and operations of the nations largest restriction is groups. Ist groups. Ion she was our biggest funder. She passed away a number of years ago. Host 14 years ago. Guest she came at the issue from the concern about population growth. Once american birthrates fell, voluntarily people had fewer kids after the baby boom, immigration was the thing driving American Population growth. That was her concern from an environmental perspective. Other people, the issue from security or Law Enforcement or other perspectives. Its an interesting thing you need to put in context. Abouts that the concerns high levels of immigration, not just illegal but legal as well come from different angles. Environment, security, assimilation, workforce. They are all just the same thing. Different aspects of the same thing, which is that Mass Immigration in a modern society with a postindustrial economy, a welfare state were people have smaller families, where transportation and communications shrink the world, make immigration a problem in a whole variety of reasons. There is a story about a bunch of blind men touching different parts of an elephant. They think they are holding different things. The guy who holds the tail think he has a broom, that sort of thing. Immigration is sort of similar. People who look at it from the population perspective or security or workforce or government benefits are holding different parts of the elephant. Its all connected. Host what perspective brought to you to this issue . Guest concerns about assimilation. I grew up speaking armenian. I did not speaking this when i went to i did not speak english when i went to kindergarten. After theconditions 60s and 70s and all the changes we saw and government we were not stressing assimilation of newcomers enough. I think we are still not doing a good job of that. As i got more into it i understood that i was holding the tail of the elephant and thinking i had a broom when in fact there is a whole elephant and its all really the same problem. Host tony from baton rouge, louisiana. Independent. Caller yes, thank you for letting me talk. Assimilation is totally forgotten about. It is the key to it all. They totally forgot about assimilation. I think we may have to change our tactics in the long run and change our minds in the long run we would have to go into a freeze and stop all immigration for a while, get control of it. Then we have to change our country. Ithin our tell them if they come to our country they have to go to the and serveor a while in the military for several years or Something Like that. Make sure they can speak english. Assimilation. Guest its no question assimilation is one of the key elements of successful immigration policy. There is more to it than people often think. English is part of it. This is our language and you should learn english. Even the advocates for open borders say of course people should learn things to get a better job. It is more than just learning english and getting a job and driving on the right side of the road. It is actually adopting america and americans as your people. We overestimate how much people 100 years ago wanted to do that and we underestimate today how much people want to do that. The problem is twofold. Cheapfference is transportation and communications make it easier to live in two countries at the same time. And our elites dont really value assimilation the way they used to. Immigrants kinda get that message. The problem is not the immigrants, it is us. We need to make clear that we welcome you you need to become part of the American People and we want to help you do that. Hettie in alabama. Mark, let me Say Something, sir. I went to an estate sale about two years ago. Boxes. T a bunch of in that box was a some stuff. It said start up kit. Spanish but it has a Social Security card with a number on it. It doesnt have a name on top of it. Get i had a lady that speak spanish and she read out to me what this was. This was handed out to people that come across the border during the Obama Administration. You call. They had a one 800 number. You call that 800number and you give that Social Security number , then you fix a name to it. It is supposed to be a legit Social Security number. But thisam not sure kind of thing does not surprise me. There are all kinds of packages of fake or stolen ids people can buy. Host helen in michigan, a democrat. Caller hi, john. Host you are on with Mark Krikorian. Caller i will be quick. This last week i got a robo call. I screen all my calls but i got a robo call. It was the Social Security office and that might Social Security number was being suspended for illegal activity. It said press 1 and i repeated it. It it was probably scared the rap out of me crap out of me. That is who you are. Guest i can guarantee that was a scam. Dont press 1. Social security numbers are frequently stolen. This happens all the time and there are a variety of private pay services that try to protect that. Something called everify self check lets you not only check whether your information is correct on the Social Security computers, but lets you lock down your Social Security number. It does not mean 70 cant steal it for other things. Medical stuff for crime or police or what have you. It does mean they will not be able to use it to get a job because what often happens is if somebody is using your number to get a job, and maybe not paying taxes the irs says eos money for your taxes. Other words you are the victim of Identity Theft. There are ways to protect yourself from that. That call was almost certainly a con, but its a real problem and you should proactively try to protect yourself if youre worried about it. Is from therikorian center for Immigration Studies. Cis. Org. Guest in a month twitter it people like snark and sarcasm. Host about 25 minutes left. We will return to the question we had at the beginning of our program. We are talking to rural residents only. We want to know about your top issues. There are 60 million of you out there and we want to hear from those who live in rural areas on phone lines from the eastern or central time zones, 202 7488000. The mountain or pacific time zones, 202 7488001. You can start calling in now and we will be right back after we show you our cspan cities tour this weekend. We are exploring the history and literary life of bozeman, montana on book tv and American History tv. We talked to the mayor about how the city was founded and what guides their economy today. Bozeman is located in montana. We are in the Southwest Corner of montana, about 90 miles north of Yellowstone National park. It was founded by john bozeman. He founded it because it was an area that was very agriculturally rich. Mines, of going to the he decided he would settle foodand grow for folks. We have a large Tech Industry. Many people that move and live in bozeman are able to work in that industry, either in companies or out of their homes. Technology really came to ition when a joe mcknight when a gentleman started it congress started a gentle and rted a company that became it was a bootstrap idea. Many people in the community were hired. A lot of the people that started working there eventually went on to start their own companies. Therefore that is what really started our Technology Industry here. For the future is maintaining this wonderful environment that we have. It is not only for those people that come for Outdoor Recreation and adventure, but also for those the creatives. Classimes that creative are the folks that go on to work in areas Like Technology and photonics. I believe that is a very strong part of our culture and montana, and specifically in bozeman. Tv at 10 00on book a. M. Eastern, live coverage on the mississippi book festival featuring talks on a vacant n,story with eric dolla civil war and the south with jaclyn hall, civil rights with professor dave towl, and world war ii with historian alex kershaw. Sunday at 9 00 p. M. Eastern, afterwards with journalist natalie wexler, author of the knowledge gap. One reason kids score low as they dont the background knowledge to understand the reading passages in the first place. It is not that they cant make an inference. They do it all the time. Toddlers can make an inference. That is not the problem so much as they lack the background knowledge and vocabulary to understand the passage. That has been a big problem that has been overlooked. Watch book tv every weekend on cspan2. Washington journal continues. Host 25 minutes left in our program today. We are asking rural residents only to call in to let us know what your top issues are, how they dealt with in your community and your state. We spent Yesterdays Program talking to City Residents only. Today it is Rural Americas turn. We want to show this chart. Some of the polling about the quality of life and those who say they are satisfied with living in different parts of america. When it comes to those who are very satisfied living in Rural Communities, 26 of americans and verbal Community Say they are very satisfied. That compares with just 23 of those living in urban areas. In suburban living areas. You can see the difference amongst age groups. 8 to 29 on the right column 15 in Rural Communities are very satisfied. When it comes to 65 plus, 43 of those living in Rural Communities are very satisfied. That is some of the pew research polling. We went to hear individual stories and issues in your part of america. If youre a rural resident in the eastern or central time. A rural resident in the mountain or pacific time zones, 202 7488001. According to the census there are about 60 million Rural Americans and that is who we are dealing within in the last 20 minutes or so. Peggy and shirley, new york. I am calling from shirley, new york. I have some opinions based on the last topic. It also overlaps. I live in the suburbs. I am satisfied but it could definitely be better. More uniform health care for everyone. I believe employers should be held accountable for who they hire and everify should be used across the board. Thats it. Peggy, have you always lived in shirley, new york . Caller or in the vicinity, yes. Host ever thought about leaving . Caller yes. Host what keeps you in shirley . Caller family. Host thanks for the call. I believe that is out on long island, right . Caller that is on long island. Host joe and prichard, West Virginia. Good morning. Caller good morning. Westhere in West Virginia, virginia provided for the United States of america with coal, ste el, chemicals for 100 years. We absolutely got no benefit from any of that. Gas, oil. West virginia is one of the richest states in the United States, and we are at the bottom of every list in america. We have no road system that amounts to anything. We have no internet, no highspeed reliable highspeed internet. We have no jobs. We were the blunt of the Opioid Epidemic. There is nothing that will save West Virginia other than the federal government coming in and helping us out of this hole that the federal government and the United States of america have dug for us over the past 100 years. We have immigrants down here. Hi dont know what they are working on. Most jobs are minimumwage down here. The Mining Industry is gone. 15 years ago we were trying to get our leadership in the state of West Virginia and in the United States congress to diversify the economy. Now we have the Opioid Epidemic and everything that goes with it on top of it. The only thing i could do is ask america and the government of the United States to send us some genuine help to West Virginia. Host do you think the federal government, the democratic president ial candidates, President Trump is focused on the issues you brought upon Rural America . Trump is dont because overwhelmingly the favor down here. Favorite down here. You cant believe the people who work for trump. Everyday our situation gets worse. There is no infrastructure bill that donald trump promised he would do. There was never the for the coal miners. The oil and gas industry is not going to allow trump to force the utilities to burn coal. The oil and gas gave him more money than coal. Coal is over as far as steel is concerned. Why would you burn coal when you can burn oil or gas, which is twice as clean and half the price . He has not addressed any of these problems. On top of that the Opioid Epidemic is dumped on us. Our attorney general has settled her peanuts compared to the cost to us. Everyone you know done here in southern West Virginia, Eastern Kentucky has been directly affected by this opioid thing. That was like the final straw on the camels back. We need the federal government to come in here and Start Building munitions if nothing else. If are going to use drones all over the world, content. Do it if you drain all the money out of our state for the last 100 years so the rest of america could advance. Host do you think your congressional delegation is getting that job done . Getting the attention for West Virginia . Ator m senator manchin. Caller they are trying to get the coalminers their pensions and health care, that the u. S. Bankers see courts allowed the companies to go bankrupt. I think they are overwhelmed with so many issues they have. We dont have a robert byrd anymore. We dont have the Desk Congress does not work the way it used to by allowing them to attach money under certain things. This tax cut went directly to the rich in the United States. I think the rest of america will start see but we are seeing if they dont do some basic stuff to help everybody across the board. West virginia is one of the most beautiful places in the world but it is contaminated with coal, with chemicals, with oil and gas. All of that benefited the rest of america. Come down here and take care of us. Host that is joe and prichard, West Virginia. We are talking to rural residents only. 202 7488000 202 7488000 it in it is 202 7488000 the eastern and central time zones. 202 7488001 if youre in the mountain or pacific time zones. Joe talks about support for donald trump in rural areas. 14 months away from the 2020 election. Nine months removed from the 2018 elections. Here is how the votes broke down in the 2018 election by region of the country. This is from an ap National Opinion Research Center survey. When it came to Rural Americans, 60 of Rural Americans voted republican in the midterm elections. 37 of Rural Americans voted democrat. When he came to urban americans, this which is 30 of urban dwellers voted republican, 67 voted democrat. Suburban and small towns listed there as well. We are taking your calls and we want to hear from you this morning. We are showing you what some of andpresident ial candidates some of the leaders around this country have said about rural issues at the iowa state fair earlier this week. Mayor Pete Buttigieg, democratic president ial candidate was asked about what he could do to get rural votes in places where so many voted for donald trump in the 2016 election. [video] i think Rural America is beginning to see all the ways in which they are being neglected by this administration. A lot of lip service. You look at everything from policies that have eviscerated the soy industry here, to the secretary of agriculture who says farmers are whiners. They dont actually care. Very similar with workers. A lot of talk about doing things for workers but the biggest achievement as a tax cut for corporations and the wealthy. Rural america is hurting. Farm income is down half of what it was five years ago. These policies are making it worse. We may not be able to win everybody over, but i believe in rural areas. We have a plan to help grow jobs and grow the population and help grow infrastructure to make sure Rural America can succeed going forward. Host mayor Pete Buttigieg earlier this week. The president tweeting today. Here is one of his latest tweets concerning the news out of philadelphia yesterday, the shooting of those six police officers. The philadelphia shooter should never have been allowed to be on the streets. He had a long and dangerous criminal record. It looks like he was having a good time after his capture and wounding 70 police officers. Long sentence. Must get much cover on street crime. The president earlier today. Rural residents only. Noel in northeast texas. Caller good morning to you. Area ofn a very small about 2400 people. A small county in texas. Thing. Ind of a funny they want to know where you go to church. They are shocked if you dont have a good response to where you go. Host what is a good response . Caller i generally end up saying we go to the episcopalian church, which nobody seems to know what that is. It is probably 30 minutes in any direction to episcopalian church. We end up sleeping and mostly. Sleeping in mostly. It is funny because they are shocked. It is such a huge part of life. I get that. That is nice. The other problem is health care. We are probably an hour and a half to two hours from our doctors. Thats a hardship. E lost a hospital in town the Education System is pretty focused on football. Especially recently. They hired a baylor coach involved in that rape scandal down at baylor. That was very disappointing. Are plentiful but pretty ordinary. Halfe still an hour and a from a big city for shopping or anything else. Host what sort of work do you do . Caller im retired. Host what did you do . Caller finance. I work for a large financial company. Host how long have you lived where you live in northeast texas . Caller parttime. Years. S for close to 20 since 2008 2011. Host your comment about religion. You mentioned it as a problem. Do you think religion has too much influence on the Public Policy issues out there . Caller yes, i do. Its ok. It is just that it is not very different ideas. Host thank you for that call from texas this morning. We head back to West Virginia. Bill is in scott depot, West Virginia. Where is that, bill . Caller sir . Host whereabouts in West Virginia . Caller five miles west of charleston, West Virginia. Host what is the Biggest Issue for you . Caller i just wanted to respond to the gentleman that talked from prichard. He said since mr. Trump had been in here he had done nothing. That is absolutely not true. They have opened several coal mines backup. Quite often they are on the news and radio requesting people to work there. Roads are really being they are improving tremendously at a record pace. I am 70 years old and i dont remember seeing so much paving and upgrading going on. That toe you attribute President Trump or state officials and local officials . I think caller caller the road was due to mr. Justice, our governor, it was a close friend with mr. Trump. Finish your thought. I think we lost bill. We will go to christian in lexington, kentucky. Caller good morning. The big thing i see im 50 years old. I have spent quite a bit of time, unlike a lot of people here in lexington, probably half my life living abroad. Europe they benefited tremendously from the Marshall Plan and right after world war ii from the berlin airlift. You look at the innovations in education, people over there speak 3, 4, 5 languages. I would love to see as maybe part of nato or from the European Union a reverse Marshall Plan where european teachers, the european version of the peace corps, come to rural schools in kentucky, West Virginia, you name it and help out existing teachers as assistants to help in math. You can learn german or finnish, or maybe get the same going with china. Money andven so much our infrastructure and our schools are suffering. Our teachers are just bone tired. They are doing an amazing job but we are overcrowded. Hasaughters Public School 30 kids. The teachers are just bone tired in october. Host 30 kids in every class . Caller yup. Host are you a teacher or in the educational system . Caller no, i sell insurance. Host what does your daughter say about this . Caller she would love it. Class the in her teacher gives an award certificate to the topperforming students in her grade. Every year my daughter has won one of the certificates. Only 10so happens that kids get these certificates of distinction. I have asked my daughters teachers, tell me about the kids. She says, well, in a class of 30, 10 come prepared, ready, well fed, well rested, hungry to learn. Well 10 perform extremely and they get a certificate of distinction. Students, 11 through 20, they are less so. They dont get one. The last 10 or just running on the classroom. Shes trying to keep the wheels on. Its a hard job. Host christian and kentucky. Time for one or two calls. Waynesboro, pennsylvania. Bill . Caller hello. I moved from the suburbs to a rural area in pennsylvania. It is truly a rustbelt city here. There once was tremendous thriving industry here but it is long gone. I think the two things that i are ito hear the most would be great if Tech Companies could move into rural areas and provide jobs. It is no longer true you have to be near rivers and railroads and things like that with the internet. There are a lot of jobs people could do in rural areas. The other thing is a lot of these small towns are dying. Some of them have kind of revitalized but i think these towns need to learn how to attract businesses and jobs and so on. I also wanted to say bill called from West Virginia. It was heartbreaking to hear him describe the conditions there. I think as a country we really need to pull together, Pay Attention to people in rural areas, and poverty in inner cities. We dont hear much talk about poverty anymore. You would think we dont have any poor people. We certainly do. We have a whole lot of super rich people who are gaining benefits from the socalled tax reform thing so the rich people not just getting the brakes, but the poor people, too. Host a reminder, our campaign 2020 coverage continues here on 7 00n and tonight live at p. M. Eastern, we will show President Trumps rally in manchester, New Hampshire. You can watch that on cspan, cspan. Org, listen to it on the app. Cspan radio that will do it for our program today, but we will be back here tomorrow morning at 7 00 a. M. Eastern, a four 00 a. M. Pacific. In the meantime, have a great thursday and 4 00 a. M. Pacific. In the meantime, have a great thursday. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2019] washington journal mugs are available at cspans new online cspan store. Go to cspan. Com store and see all of the cspan products. Taking a look at some of our Live Programming today on cspan, this afternoon, state Election Officials and Tech Industry representatives discuss Election Security and Voting System certification from the u. S. Election Assistance Commission at 12 30 p. M. Eastern on cspan. Later, President Trump told a Campaign Rally in manchester, New Hampshire, live at 7 00 p. M. Eastern, also on cspan. After the president s rally, it is a conversation on american political discourse. We will hear from psychologists, a member of the Los Angeles Times editorial board, and author of a book called demagogue for president , the political rhetoric of donald trump. That is tonight at about 83 8 30 p. M. Eastern on cspan. Sunday at 9 00 a. M. Eastern, a washington journal and American History tv live special call in program looking back at woodstock, the 1969 cultural and musical phenomena. And author joins us to take your calls. Drugs matter, but who takes those drugs, and why the drugs had the effect they did in the 1960s and early 1970s is something we are struggling to understand. The technology of drugs. People have thought long and hard about this. It is imperative to understanding not just in the 1960s, but what drugs we use at a time of play have incredible ability to change the direction of a given society. Call into talk to david farber about the social movements of the 1960s, leading up to woodstock and its legacy. Woodstock, 50 years, sunday at 9 00 a. M. Eastern on cspans washington journal. Also live on American History tv on cspan3. Sunday on q a, New York Times Staff Photographer doug mills talks about photos covering President Trump. Obviously, he enjoys having us around. I really believe despite his constant comments about fake news and the media and so forth, i really feel he enjoys having us around because it helps drive his message, the news of the day , which she can do every day, he constantly is driving the message. Therefore, having us around really allows them to do that. Sunday night at 8 00 eastern on cspans q a. Next, a look at disinformation campaigns and potential ways to combat them. Panelists provide an historical test test current patterns in disinformation and potential challenges ahead. Cnn anchor kate baldwin moderated the discussion. Kate baldwin. Good