Transcripts For ALJAZ NEWSHOUR 20240714

But he was only confirmed by the house of representatives in puerto rico and not by the senate so its very unclear from a constitutional standpoint if he can actually be governor even though he was sworn in we expect that there could be lawsuits in the coming days there could be injunctions filed by opposition Political Parties here in puerto rico so while there is some sense of normalcy here on the streets right outside of the Governors Mansion behind me there is still very much a lot of uncertainty here this was a protest that went on for more than a month to get rid of the previous governor he is now out of office but now their interest into a new phase of uncertainty on what will happen with the new governor here the new governor is pretty well respected many people say hes very competent and capable he was puerto ricos representative to congress in washington d. C. For several years but many of the people here on the streets the protesters say they have a Newfound Energy and they are willing to go back on the streets if necessary to protest if he does not deliver on some of his promises such as health and education improvements here on this island that is a u. S. Territory nevertheless well have to see in the coming days how this all shakes out because still his future the new governor is still very uncertain in his constitution. Crisis the puerto rico still faces. And still ahead on our desire to see tens of thousands a Civil Servants and hong kong defy a government warning and show their support for prodemocracy protests. His popularity ratings may be high but mexicos president is getting tough on public spending well tell you why many mexicans are worried. I know that some of the chua picture across much of the middle east however all saying if you wore those monsoonal thunderstorms across into pakistan. The last few hours but we have as i say got more in the fall called sunday for the 1st part of the weekend weve seen some quite heavy rain at times into iraq she said and if this rain may well add to more flooding in some areas elsewhere its a fairly quiet picture sunny a warm picture there weve got 46 celsius in kuwait city on saturday i might just see a few showers along northern and eastern areas of those coastal areas really of turkey just coming down from the black sea but 31. 00 celsius in ankara the usual 30 celsius in beirut time which is a higher further to the south across the peninsula and again on saturday more of this cloud back into the forecast across the southwest of yemen and we could even have one or 2 shots as well elsewhere it is dry but by sunday the cloud is back again into these more southern coastal sections of oman as well but a nice day moscow 33 celsius and a warm day in doha both days 44 there on sunday Southern Africa no real sign of any rain here we have got to the system against a scouting by the south coast of south africa 17 degrees on saturday 16 celsius on sunday and warming up again and you can see here on sunday were expecting a high of about 23 degrees celsius. Sponsored town. The saudi u. A. E. War on yemen has led to thousands of deaths and left millions hungry what role has the u. S. Played in the worlds worst humanitarian crisis on this is the entity that has the right to begin and end wars Robert Malley a top advisor on the middle east to president obama talks to 00. 003. Youre watching aljazeera let me think take you to our main stories this hour saddams military genter and protest groups have finalized a constitutional agreement the deal pelts the way paves the way for a Transitional Government and also live as a pair of Paramilitary Forces but its not had been signed and talks on the details will continue on saturday. Puerto ricos new governor has been sworn in but his appointment is still has to be confirmed by the u. S. Territories senate crowds have been out celebrating in the streets after a car the rosello stepped down from the role. And after months of bombing airstrikes have stopped in northwest syria after the announcement of the seas far the truce in italy probyn syrias last rebel stronghold came during peace talks in kazakhstan. Democratic republic of congo says only hoffer of the bowler cases may have been identified the government fears the epidemic could last for up to 3 years Health Workers are trying to contain the virus in goma its an important Transit Route on the border with rwanda its the 1st time a bowler spread to a major city 4 cases have been confirmed in goma and hundreds have been vaccinated checks have been tightened on the border with rwanda over the fears that the virus could spread across the region Stephanie Decker has more from the capital authorities here are incredibly concerned it led to them closing the border on thursday for a couple of hours so that they could beef up the Health Checks in what is a very busy border trying to monitor those across a monitor in there temperatures and also trying to make people more aware of the threats of the virus that has now hit. The city a bit over 2000000 people theres a lot of cross border activity this is why there is renewed International Concern i suppose if you will because of the closeness to the other countries now rwanda has over the last year or so been vaccinating its own Health Professionals been training them and also at the moment there are drills carried out in hospitals also here in the capital because they want to be prepared it is also of course a virus that carries with it a huge stigma a lot of fears this is a country that depends a lot on tourism so theres a lot of interest to try and contain this having said that there is never been a case here in rwanda but of course authorities will tell you they want to be prepared they are prepared and theyre monitoring the situation very closely telling people not to travel to go unless its absolutely necessary. Of wave for protest is planned across hong kong this weekend along with a mass tricon monday demonstrators are calling for greater democracy and the resignation of the leader kerry lamb on friday thousands of Civil Servants rallied for the 1st time the government had warned them to remain politically neutral under thomas has more from hong kong. The been a lot of protests in recent weeks here but perhaps none as significant is this one because things people are really Civil Servants they would pull the government the government their employer that they have come out to protest against and that is just going to open letter published on thursday by the government to carry law saying the Civil Servant should not take part in this protest or any other so as to preserve their image for she galaxy where they come out the next panes of thousands filling this square here to capacity all the main roads around here are blocked with crowds on good feet as well people ive spoken to here say that they felt they had to come out to show their support for just as they said it has nothing to do with their employer the government what they do in their free time i spoke to a math teacher i spoke to the translator this is well its a nice hes moving frankly they do day to day in terms of working for the government now this cycle has been a completely peaceful protest or a more protest planned over the weekend too on saturday a further one on sunday and on monday calls for a strike right across from the. Evans who the rebels have for the 1st time released images of the Ballistic Missile system theyve used to target saudi arabia fighters say the medium range borken missile is domestically produced in yemen they say theyll continue launching attacks until the saudi u. A. E. Coalition stops its airstrikes. Libya will close 3 migrants and refugees Detention Centers after criticism from the un over conditions 2 of them are in the coastal cities of. The 3rd isnt the jura thats a suburb of the capital tripoli forces loyal to the warlord that facility in an airstrike a month ago killing 52. 00 people. As bodies continue to wash ashore on libyas coast this week the death toll from last weeks disaster in the mediterranean is still being counted. 20 bodies were recovered previously we have recovered 8 bodies and now the search is still ongoing for the rest of the bodies. 150 people are believed to have drowned when their boats capsized late last month as they tried to reach europe and u. N. Agencies say they are not the only victims of a broken migration system for those who dont make it to europe their boats are intercepted at sea by libyas coast guard and placed in detention under an agreement supported by the European Union around 5000. 00 migrants and refugees are being held without having committed any crime 3000 of them are being detained in facilities close to the front line with fighters loyal to warlord hurry for half tired of fighting for the control of the capital tripoli according to the Un Refugee Agency many are living in squalid conditions within the adequate Food Supplies libyas un recognized government is now closing 2 such facilities in misrata and columns and a 3rd into jura where scores of detainees were sent even though an airstrike blamed on the have to hit the facility killing 53. 00 people last month. Which we are calling. For an orderly release before refugees in Detention Centers to urban settings. And we stand ready to provide to provide these people with assistance through our urban programs Asylum Seekers and refugees should not be kept in detention we absolutely oppose any idea of detaining children. Whether they are refugees or Asylum Seekers who. Fall fighting continues between libyas warring factions theres growing concern about where the displaced migrants will go next and if this will lead to more of the crowding in the remaining centers for healing mohammed al jazeera. The us has impose new sanctions on russia of the poisoning of a former russian double agent and his daughter in the case sergei annually of scripture were attacked with a chemical nerve agent in the city of seoul spring last year the Russian Foreign Ministry Says the sanctions will further damage already strained tensions. Now a days after becoming Prime Minister and the promising to take the u. K. Out of the e. U. Do or die Boris Johnson is barely holding on to power its Ruling Conservative Party lost a by election in wales cutting his working majority in parliament to just one seat all italians has this report from london that dream jobs is duly elected member of parliament for the said constituency. The announcement was made in an echo hall in mid wales but this result will be heard very clearly in london the liberal democrats have taken this seat of brecken and run from the Ruling Conservative Party here whittles Boris Johnsons parliamentary majority down to just one m. P. The new leaders prevote visit to wales wasnt enough to prevent the chances of a government collapse going up barely 9 days since he took over as Prime Minister this is why this pilot was so significant because were looking at general election very shortly and it really shows some of the key factors that are going to be playing up in the election a resurgent made a vote on the liberal democrats and also bracks a party to contend with. The liberal democrats newest m. P. Was clear about what she thinks this results means and here we stand. Seems this is taking the worst chances fumble in the 1st week just transitions and here we are thank you i mean im. Not because i was just you will not tolerate a new deal right. But somebody says do you want to know deal breaks it and although nigel farage is bricks and party didnt perform quite as well as they might have hoped with 10 percent of the vote they still arguably cost the conservative m. P. His seat by splitting the preprinted vote although local issues are often important for by Election Results this one could also be seen as another example of how breaks it is rewriting the balance of britains political system with supports for smaller parties like the lib dems and the bracks it party on the rise at the expense of the big 2 labor and the conservatives when parliament returns from recess at the beginning of september it will have less than 2 months till breaks a day and Boris Johnson the man who said he will deliver it come what may is clinging on to power by his fingertips. Now to 0 london. As mexico edges closer to a session the government has embarked on an Ambitious Program to cut public spending president and theres Manuel Lopez Obrador says theyve already saved 6000000000. 00 but while many mexicans support the measures others are worried that Vital Services are under threat so homan has this report from mexico city. Theres a new buzzword a mix kampala ticks all stare at him under his manual Lopez Obrador as more than half his salary so the president ial plane flies economy his supporters love him for it his approval polls are in the sixtys. It was always the people who had to tighten their belts now its the government thats the change no waste no luxuries austerity is. The countrys congress has followed his lead both houses of cut back on benefits thousands of them was reluctant to look at either see if we could look people in the eye and say we havent got bodyguards we havent got because we havent got private medical insurance or saving parts for when we finish the people arent carrying our costs as they did in the past but while slimming down fact politicians is popular other cuts in the Public Sector and less so cost cutting the Public Hospitals with waiting rooms precarious medicine supplies and staff shooting jews said the head of social services he resigned but protests like this will continue. For the education and child care programs have also been cancelled the budget for the arts has been slashed as have funds for scientists you know when this causes. In some cases institutions have had to cut back so much that theyve been asking people not to plug in electronics and to go home before sundown to save on Electricity Projects and lines of research have stopped institutions that were going to be inaugurated have been cancelled. Some are seeing the far reaching of stereotype drive with more and more alone. Well most mexicans would agree that some major surgery was needed to cut out the overspending and corruption in much of mexicos Public Sector the complaint for many like these medical residents is that the president s doing that with a chainsaw rather than the scalpel. President argues that the cuts are actually just a rechanneling of funds what his priorities state will complete and programs for the poor and elderly theyre only interest for a 2 to work an economist who supported Lopez Obrador the songs dont add up the inside light he was just this week they cut 2000000000. 00 in Public Sector salaries that means less demand less growth in the internal market less business for Mexican Companies and thats not countered by the social programs for young entrepreneurs or people planting trees they dont compensate for the reduction and public spending. The latest figures showing Economic Growth almost at a standstill seem to bear him out is a cut that appendix that hasnt put off the president your story to drive he says is working and will go on john home and how does it make. More than 1400 people have been diagnosed with dengue fever in a single day in bangladesh the country is grappling with its worst ever outbreak of the disease at least 14 people have been killed with 17000 affected. Record temperatures have melted more than 10000000000 tons of ice in greenland in a single day this as heat wave from europe moved north temperatures in the Arctic Circle are rising twice as fast as the global average. Watching our desire and these are main stories saddams military joint and protest groups have finalized a constitutional egremont deal or allows the formation of a Transitional Government and also known as the power of Paramilitary Forces that have been blamed for killing protesters but its not yet been signed and talks on the details will continue on saturday. We have a delegation of the forces of freedom and change and the Transitional Military Council met on the constitutional document and im very pleased in the name of the african mediation and to respect to delegations to declare to the sudanese people and the International Community that the 2 delegations are fully agreed on the constitutional project they are continuing their meetings this evening to make the technical arrangements for the signing protocols in the presence of all the sudanese people and our International Friends syrias government and the opposition have agreed acs far in the last rebel held province of idlib it was announced the talks in kazakhstan the opposition says it has already pulled out its heavy weapons. It will abide by the c. F. R. As long as the government doesnt violate the terms more than 400 civilians have been killed in northwest syria since late april yemens who the rebels have for the 1st time released images of the Ballistic Missile system that we used to target saudi arabia they say its domestically produced in yemen they say theyre also continue launching attack until the saudi. Stops its airstrikes. And the democratic republic of congo says only half of the cases may have been identified Health Workers are trying to contain the virus in goma an important Transit Route on the border with rwanda 4 cases been confirmed and hundreds have been vaccinated across the country nearly 2000 people have been killed in just the last year well those are the headlines with more news but next its talk to us desirous to see it with us for that. On counting the cost this week were on patrol off the coast of west africa as nations deployed naval forces to counter the scourge of piracy and hostage taking up to 6 years of treading water and gold prices on the rise plus how iraq plans to cut its gas if its counting the cost on aljazeera from. The. United states so whats the way to solve the conflicts in the middle east and talk to aljazeera this week a man who tried to figure that out for president obama a Senior Advisor on the region in the last white house Robert Malley now heads one of the worlds leading think tanks the International Crisis group he gives us his view of President Trumps efforts to produce the deal of the century between israelis and palestinians. We talk about the brutal wars in yemen libya and syria and the threat of an even bigger conflict between the u. S. And iran after President Trump pulled out of the nuclear deal of 2015 the deal molly helped to negotiate. Robert malley president of the International Crisis group thank you for talking to aljazeera let me start for our viewers who dont know the International Crisis Group Tell Us about your organization the one minute version sure i hope theyre not too many who dont know about the organization but its great to be here and this is an organization that is pretty unique it has it starts with people on the ground people in conflict areas and their goal is to come up with ideas to resolve prevent or mitigate deadly conflict and then come up with practical recommendations that we could then advocate on behalf of the organization to leaders and Civil Society and nonstate actors around the world you wrote earlier this year for an american who had a hand in shaping u. S. Middle east policy during the. Bamma is coming to yemen has the own pleasant feel of visiting the scene of a tragedy one helped to cowrite. Explained you know and it was at a time as we write in this piece. Where the United States was in the middle the negotiations on the Iran Nuclear Deal causing huge chances with saudi arabia and some of some of other allies in the region and the feeling was saudi arabia came to the us and said to who visa taken over somehow theyve taken over yemen they are an iranian proxy if we dont react and if you dont help and we will react anyway and if you dont help us it will be an act of betrayal because we feel like our existence or security is at stake because of the presence of this militia armed by iran on arse on our southern border and i think the decision then the president obama made and Administration Made was even though there were huge reservations about how quickly the war would end about how close the who these at the time were to iran and how much we would make them closer if this intervention took place but the feeling was we cant afford another rupture with saudi arabia which could be a major one after coming in the wake of the of the iran ago sheesh and and so the president had this view of we could help saudi arabia defend its security defend its borders defend its territory integrity and were trying not to get too involved in the war against the who these but in a way that was getting half pregnant because once you support saudi arabia once you support the saudi that Coalition Support is fungible and the u. S. Became complicit in what today the United Nations says is the worst humanitarian crisis we face so this is a case of tragedy in which u. S. Fingerprints are very present i am i welcome the fact that than an organization welcomes the fact that the congress the u. S. Congress is now trying to reassert itself and trying to say wait a minute this is a war and the u. S. The u. S. Congress is the entity that has the right to begin and end wars and therefore this war is being conducted without congressional authorization and theyre trying to take steps to limit the. Realty of the u. S. To participate in this war they have not succeeded so far because the president still has veto power so the us has rocketed as. As president but its very important i think its a message that i always share with fissures in saudi arabia the u. A. E. Be careful you know this is going to have long term repercussions for the u. S. Youre a ship with the u. S. Because there are many in this country democrats for the most part it also republicans who have a visceral dislike distaste for this war because the u. S. Has been so involved and because of the damage its doing and does it go beyond this war because the architect of the war mohammed bin so mom is involved in the blockade of qatar hes involved many people believe in the murder of Jamal Khashoggi i mean does there need to be a reassessment of the whole relationship with saudi arabia well i mean we we read in the report and were sitting there not advocating breaking relations with saudi arabia i think on both sides there is reason to be dissatisfied amount of power sitting in riyadh and its looked at u. S. Policy for the last 10 years i more if you go back to the iraq invasion many questions on the saudi side also about the health of this relationship i think both sides need to sit down and figure out what the objectives are where the differences are and their real policy differences theres a difference on yemen theres a difference on iran theres a difference on the whole we spoke about the arab spring about what to do with islamists what to do when theres a Popular Uprising so i think there needs to be a honest conversation between the 2 sides in some readjustments and one of the disagreements you mentioned was in the obama times the iran deal President Trump pulled out of that youre one of the team that negotiated 8 he says its defective this is core horrible one sided deal and he talks about the deal sunset provisions about the regime being on the verge of a Nuclear Breakout even while it was in the deal what do you make of his criticism. Again i dont think we should spend much time because his criticisms are either deliberately. Dishonest or he hasnt read the do it doesnt know whats in it because it was as i said i helped negotiate it some bias but i dont think that the criticism that hes leveling against it is is grounded in fact you know every deal by definition is going to be a compromise so they were compromises the us didnt get everything it would have wanted but it was a very solid deal to achieve the objective that president obama had set from the beginning to make sure that iran is not in a position to get a bomb for at least for 10 years and then the breakout time and what we call the breakout time and the time for iran to have the capacity of a bomb would be at least a year for at least 10 years and thats what was achieved and what by by breaking this deal the president said that it was to meet several objectives in the administration said one to get a better deal and 2nd to moderate to curb irans behavior in the region what if we see in a year later iran is now itself moving away from the deal so its Nuclear Activities are worse than they were under the deal so far having a better deal having a worse actual says you really and 2nd just listen to what the u. S. Administration itself is saying iran is escalating its behavior in there its its antiamerican behavior in the region so its clearly is not meeting its objectives and it is it could well lead to a war which i am profoundly convinced the president doesnt want but i think hes on a collision course with himself because his policies when hes aware of it are not a leading towards the possibility of a military confrontation that his instincts pose when you then compare that situation with north korea you know where President Trump says he has a love affair with kim jong un i mean how do you make sense of this. Oh you know reagan said the President Trump is not something that. I dont think im the only one struggling with where no problem with i have no problem an organization or problem with his outreach to pyongyang and that was the right thing to do now of course he created the crisis from which he then had to walk back but much better to see them talking much better to see than the go shooting than to see the fire and fury that we were seeing back in 2000 and so theres no process when we when we end up with a far inferior guess see lets see you i think both sides are going to have to moderate their demands is you cant have the maximum is demands that were on display when they met in hanoi where the u. S. Basically is saying denuclearization 1st then will rule move the sanctions and chairman kim is saying 1st to remove the sanctions then we might move towards inquiries ation weve advocated a incremental step by step approach where the u. S. Would gradually relax some of the sanctions and north korea take some steps towards denuclearization thats the only realistic path but if youre sitting in tehran and thats where your question was theres one lesson unfortunate which is why is north korea being treated this way and were not a north korea has a Nuclear Weapon and we dont and i think thats a dangerous lesson which i hope the u. S. Is not continue sending to other parties which is if you have a Nuclear Weapon then were going to treat you with with all of the way President Trump is is is is treating can drone lets go back to the Clinton Administration everyone remembers that handshake on the white house lawn in 1993 that many ways was the high watermark of the diplomacy between the israelis and the palestinians you were involved in the last year of president clintons presidency organizing the camp david summit that went badly tell us what went wrong in some ways camp david came but too soon and too late that the parties were not ready for what was about to to occur they were not ready to talk about all the central issues that the core issues the conflict since some ways it was too early was also too late because it took place in july of the last. Of the administration i think what weve still scuppered since then since camp david which i may not have been able to tell you at the time is that the gaps between the parties on the central issues of identity of territory of refugees of security its settlements all those those gaps are very wide and it will take and it didnt we didnt have it then a very strong 3rd party to try to get the parties to where they need to go fast forward almost 20 years and President Trump thinks the u. S. Is now that 3rd party to do what he says is the deal of the century now we dont know all of it yet we only know the economic peace but the president s son in law gerry cushier in effect is doing the job you used to do what do you think of the child and i wouldnt want to take over towards his of his efforts i think in some ways were spending too much time we not us but just in general the world is spending too much time talking about the state of the century in many ways its being implemented on the ground and were seeing the decisions that the administration has made about jerusalem about funding for refugees about recognition well recognition of jerusalem as a couple of israel so theres been a number of steps already that are prefiguring what will be in the deal but 2nd of all we know that when this is put on the table if and when it is put on the table the palestinians will say no because even if its slightly better than people expect its going to be far less than what president clinton proposed to the palestinian in 2000 less than what was on offer during the george w. Bush presidency less than what was on offer for the palace in june the Barack Obama Presidency so theres no way theyre going to say yes so were going through the motions theyll put it on the table you know maybe some people be surprised at whats there the palace is will say no the arab countries for the most part wont want to alienate the administration so theyre going to give us kind of lukewarm well interesting but not quite what we want. Prime minister netanyahu if hes Prime Minister the time will say yes but and then well go on to Something Else so i think in some ways the what really matters right now are developments in in israel which is moving ever more to the right and consolidating its control over the occupied terror to. And whats happening on the palestinian side where sooner or later theres going to have to be some change because its been a sclerotic political system palestinians in a vast majority dont believe anymore in the 2 state solution they dont believe in american diplomacy they dont believe in the palace in authority they dont believe in their leadership so theres going to have to be some change there the real events right now are going to take place in israel and palestine the deal of the century is a sideshow they dont believe in the 2 state solution do you still believe in the 2 state solution liz and when you say do i believe in it i think everyone not everyone but i believe in it as still the best possible outcome do i believe in it as a realistic outcome its becoming harder and harder to say youve got you look at whats happening on the ground its been a systematic effort to make the 2 state solution impossible i mean its pretty easy today to say that the 2 state solution is more and more thing of the past is not very easy to say was a thing of the present or of the future so lets look at the motivation for the 2 sides because one thing that puzzles me you look at israel right now in the current Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu what end state does he actually want he pays the surface to a 2 state solution sometimes but he doesnt seem to be doing anything that would support that idea and hes going to end up with a situation where israel still runs everything and yet the palestinian population is growing in eventually getting larger than the israeli population one of one of the tricks or one of the what we try to do a crisis group is put ourselves and everyone choose as objectively as possible so i put myself in the shoes of it is really sort of the on the right maybe of the center as well and they look at the situation today which in terms of security is probably as good as theyve got in terms of their their imbalance of power with the palestinians the countries in their neighborhood are either absorbed by the internal problems or at peace with israel so israel doesnt really face that kind of threat it is a long term threat perhaps from iran and things if we tomorrow were to make a deal where we turn power more land over turn land over to the palestinians. We will face an internal traumatic decision what we do with the settlements how to evacuate them we saw what happened in gaza during the year not a withdrawal but we also by definition are going to face a more uncertain time palestinian state what kind of providence will have what kind of security will would provide so from an israeli put perspective the status quo is much preferable to almost anything else than you could put on the table what could happen on the palestinian side because right now you have the ongoing disunity the division between gaza and the west bank and you have an incredibly old leadership in terms of who the International Community but dealing with president abbas 83 years old elucidated for a 4 year term and hes in the 14th year of a 4 year something has to change on the palestinian side as well you know inevitably something will at some point theyll be a transition leadership i think the International Community is going to sorely miss the leadership that theyve had for many years because it was a leadership that was committed to a 2 state solution to a peaceful resolution of the conflict something that will give i dont want to sit here and predict what it will be but there will be a change by definition theyll be a transition and if you look at where the majority of the power up palestinians are particularly our young people thats when you get its going to raise questions about the future of the 2 state of their adherence to the 2 state solution of their hearings to the palace in authority which many palestinians today view more as an instrument that israel uses to perpetuate the occupation rather than an instrument of liberation for the Palestinian People why did the u. S. Establish its monopoly its because it had a very strong relationship with israel so israel accepted its mediation and the palestinians wanted to have a better relationship with the u. S. So they also invited the u. S. No longer drew on the palestinian side but im not sure that theres any other candidate right now that the israelis would look upon favorably so it may be a case where the most the center of gravity of Decision Making will be among the israeli and Palestinian People the socalled arab spring 8 years ago coincided with. The Obama Administration which you served in looking now with the great benefit of hindsight its a big mess isnt it 3 countries still in a state of war ready egypt bahrain greater repression what do you think looking back the International Community did wrong. Thats thats a difficult question i mean it is assumed that its an International Community that had was a driver i think these are really local events what we see is that the there were always 3 levels of the conflict there was a local conflict between the citizenry that was rising up against its leadership and the fight among the busy citizens themselves between the more islamist the less islamist more secular others 2nd level was the regional confrontation and that regional confrontation is one that very quickly to a cold conflict between iran on the one hand and saudi arabia and south as on the other but also the interests in the arab conflict between the cutter and turkey on the one hand saudi arabia the u. A. E. And others and then theres an International Dimension where the u. S. Intervened the russians intervened and the problem is of course the 1st time and that local dimension which people focused on which was the most inspiring people rising up against autocratic sclerotic regimes corrupt regimes that one get overwhelmed by these other dimensions that Regional Cold war and then hot war and the International Intervention and the local dimension wasnt able to be preserved because too much else can get into the mix and the middle east as a as i like to say is both the most polarized region in the world meaning you have all these divisions that i spoke about all these axes but also the most integrated which means that what happens in syria matters to saudi arabia mazur iran matters to israel and so you cannot have an uprising that simply lives on and so on lets look at libya because in 2011 thats the only one that the west got directly involved in nato started a bombardment it took a long time but that helped the fall of the khadafi regime was the International Community lacking in what it did off to that should it have done more i mean the answer that question any question youre going to ask me about is probably yes would it really have changed the outcome the trajectory of libya if theyd been more economic assist. Once more systems to try to stabilize a country maybe what would it have taken to stop the militias im not trying to say and certainly not everything was done right in libya as you know president obama who i served has said that one of his big regrets was that more was not done after the toppling of more market off the so clearly other things could have been done but you know theres a reason when you look at the history of the region and region writ large afghanistan iraq libya. Yemen outside intervention with put yemen aside but outside intervention western intervention in all those cases syria. Thats failed the outcome is that was it was is one that people look back and say it was wrong and they could always say well maybe had we done Something Else afterwards or maybe if the intervention had been slightly different the outcome would have been widely more positive but at some point you have to ask yourself the question if time after time it goes wrong in iraq and afghanistan and libya and syria maybe maybe theres a limit to how much the west can do even with the best of intentions which are not always there but even with the best of intentions to get these countries right lets look at the situation in libya now there was busy an internationally back to plan and then in april general haftar launched his or day shift offensive towards tripoli at the moment where the u. N. Secretary general happened to be visiting tripoli what amazes me is even though everyone says they support the u. N. Plan there are some people in the International Community who believe general haftar is a warlord guilty of war crimes and others who think that hes the strongman savior and we dont even know where the u. S. Administrations position is doing right well thats not a surprise not knowing with us in this situation is these days its pretty commonplace yes there are those countries that supported general have to but you also have countries in the International Community that have decided that the priority in libya is the fight against terrorist groups that the the what you need is a strong man a military strongman to fight them and have to or was their candidate they should have learned and we again we want about this for a long time but as soon as you have to launch an offensive it is not going to work its not going to work the way the french may think is not going to work the way the egyptians immorality of the saudis or washing President Trump may think because local politics always come back to the local politics lot of people dont militias are not very happy with whats happening in tripoli but if the choice is between tripoli in general have to or they wont hesitate so general have to as offensive triggered this alliance between entities who are not particularly on good terms at the time turning to syria throughout the long and awful war in syria there seems to have been one man. Coming from the International Community you heard it from obama you heard it from David Cameron you heard it from bank even hid it from everyone there is no military solution where we stand now was that wrong and was there a military solution and did assad find it yes or no i mean you know poor people always ive said theres no military solution in the sense that even if even if president assad were to prevail it would be a pyrrhic victory because the country would be devastated because he wouldnt be able to reassert his authority the way he had before i think this is a case where the Syrian Regime won the war and lost its sovereignty and that means that it has not won it is not won what it tried to do and we now have this very sort of paradoxal its a status quo i think were in a new status quo kind of status quo frozen situation in syria which is what neither side really wanted assad is still there and so that the goals of the opposition and all those who backed the opposition to see him topple thats obviously a thing of the past but they are said regime is not able to reconquer the territory and you have at least 2 areas which amount to a pretty big chunk of the country over 30 percent the north west where you have it live and turkish under turkish influence and then you have the northeast where you have the kurds with with the support of the United States and those areas at this point seem out of reach for the regime if the regime has won the war the last sovereignty its because the future of syria the real future is now going to be determined by the United States by turkey by iran by russia by israel those are the actors by his one of those of the actors who are really going to determine whether we the status quo that on this frozen situation remains frozen or whether it opens up id like to examine one moment in that long war and that was the red line president obama said if chemical weapons were used he would intervene looking at it now was that a mistake that embolden the assad regime did it allow the russians to enter fully militarily into the conflict and did it affect. Other countries views of the u. S. Is result beyond syria so there are many mistakes made in the in the syrian war and i was i joined in 2014 there one instructions i was not there during the run episode and of course its a story of failure because nobody could look back at what happened in syria and said and say we succeeded i mean from an us point of view so clearly this is not im not defending the outcome im not sure that the red line i mean maybe it was a mistake to have a sort of the red line to begin with but you know we could play out what would have happened if the Obama Administration of president obama had decided to go through with what he said with the strikes it is these people conceivable that syria would still have the vast quantity of chemical weapons that it had of the time in 90 plus percent of which was shipped out as a result of the deal that was rich with russia its not at all clear that the regime would be would have been toppled as a result of what by its own admission the Obama Administration said would be pinprick strikes its not clear that russia and iran would not have redoubled their assistance to the regime in the face of u. S. Intervention so i think you know it was not a pretty episode and president obama himself has acknowledged it i do think traveling around the world that has sent a message well maybe the u. S. Is not were not going to take its threats seriously but you know if i dont know that we should judge it by that if it was the right decision not to strike i would live with that decision even if it meant that some countries were questioning us resolve we focused in our interview on the middle east but for my last question you can go anywhere in the world one of the jobs of your Ready Organization the International Crisis group is Early Warning tell me where in the world is the next conflict the next place we should all be worried about. I mean there are so many places where we could worry about i think i could just tell you where we are focused and some of these are conflicts that are ongoing so we could go round the world busy we could focus on country after country with sudan whether its on the horn of africa. Venezuela the somehow i think its a theme that is very important to bear in mind which is that u. S. Policy today seems to follow a pretty conventional or at least a not what has become a conventional playbook maximum pressure weve seen that in venezuela we seen that in iran weve seen that on the palestinians were seeing that in north korea coupled with demands denuclearization duros exit iran negotiating a new deal the palestinians agreeing to these new parameters and the promise of a nerve on a like future if those countries are entities agree to those conditions. The problem is thats the way politics work and we should know better because the Venezuelan Regime is not going to give in and the Iranian Regime is not going to give in a north korean to the palaces and im going to give in theyll fight for all kinds of reasons rather than simply surrender to the man who they believe go against the core interests and we are with maximum pressure we comes maximum risk and i think what we need now is not some diplomacy rob malley president of the International Crisis group thank you for talking to us thank you. Demain the intersection of reality and comedy and post revolution to newseum. Mission to entertain educate and provoke debate through satire how weapon of choice. And intimate look at what inspires one of 10 indias most popular comedians to make people laugh. My tune is yeah hang on aljazeera. Set in the discussions police in cape town have struggled to. By examining the headlines now under president putin russia is making a push to engage explore an abundance of world class programming designed to inform motivate and inspire but. Its almost 2nd nature and i also know what they see the world to make different perspective on aljazeera. America is divided like never before inside is so convinced that they are absolutely correct that the other side is dangerous people in power investigates how partisan politics are raiding the civil norms vital to american democracy every indicator shows america to be the least well functioning democracy of any establish democracy. One of the strange death of american civility on aljazeera. Celebrations and saddam to the military rulers and protest leaders agree in principle to pave the way for a Transitional Government. Hello and welcome you are watching aljazeera live from doha also coming up. Puerto rico gets a new governor after weeks of protests but those on certainty over his fate. A conditional cease fire is reached in syria last rebel held province as the death toll continues to rise from fighting and. The democratic republic of congo races to contain an ebola epidemic with warnings it could last for 3 years. Sudans military jointer and protest groups have finalized a constitutional agreement to pave the way for a return to democracy the deal is expected to lead to the formation of a Transitional Government that will want saddam until elections in 2022 but its not yet been signed and the details will be discussed further on saturday according to a draft of the green meant the Paramilitary Rapid support force is blamed for a deadly crackdown against protesters will be brought under the command of armed forces as has this report. In the early hours of saturday an announcement that sudans military giunta and the Opposition Coalition had agreed on how to govern the country they fleshed out the details on the makeup and functions of a Transitional Government until elections in 3 years in the new. Im very pleased in the name of the african mediation and to respect to delegations to declare to the sudanese people and the International Community that the 2 delegations have fully agreed on the constitutional project. Was. The reaction was immediate on the streets of carter. Announcing the deal African Union envoy Mohamed Haass on the bot gave no detail about the contents of the declaration he said talks are continuing on how and when it would be signed. During the negotiations the military council ceded to demands for justice over the killing of at least 6 people including 4 schoolchildren at a protest earlier in the wake of 9 soldiers were detained was a victory for tains of thousands of sudanese who had marched demanding justice for the deaths that we get if i get that and that it was certainly a horrible massacre we pray the situation improves and that the right of the students are not neglected blood for blood and punishment is a must was the protesters have been flexing their muscle since december. Restoration started with the economy president Omar Al Bashir was in the cross his the number of protests grew along with their demands until bashir was removed in a military coup in april general says off the military council the protesters demanded civilians take the lead in the transition they start a decision outside the army he calls his forcing military rulers to begin talks over how to share power. On june 3rd Security Forces raided that demonstration they killed more than 100 people and injured many more talks resume to months later mediated by the African Union anything the 1st breakthrough came on july 17th leading to the signing of a political agreement between the military and the Opposition Coalition they agreed on and live in person Transitional Council with representatives from both sides and a rotating leadership ah. The disagreements have remained over the wording of constitutional changes now with the details agreed and a signing imminent sudanese people have a roadmap to a more peaceful future shallop ballasts aljazeera. So far the 2 sides have agreed on a stop listening 3 governing bodies and this is how it will work its Sovereign Council run the government it will have 5 members from the Opposition Forces of freedom and change 5 from the military and 11 the independent civilian an executive council will have ministers mostly chosen by the opposition but the military will pick the defense and interior ministers both sides have agreed on a Prime Minister although the name has not been revealed yet and a Legislative Assembly will be dominated by the Opposition Alliance where the remaining seats going to parties which werent part of the ousted president Omar Al Bashir his government. Well our correspondent. Has reported extensively from sudan and joins us now on set here in doha great to have you on set with me so what do you make of this new deal that they have come through its been the whole process has been quite opaque do you think that this is something that the protesters and in general the whole country will be happy with well they seem to be happy with the view and thats you are seeing some celebrations on the streets of the couple talk to me this is momentous for most reporters whove done people who have been living under decades of repression people whove been going through months of political instability violence visited upon them to the extent sometimes they havent ventured out of their houses so this is huge not only for the people of sudan but also for the African Union which seems to have had a breakthrough in mediation probably fos time. Im in within such a short period. And many people are saying that this could be used as a model for resolving conflicts in other parts of the continent both current and also future everything again will depend on its implementation and how the parties cut it themselves out because the many layers there is the Sovereign Council which will act is the role of the president and then the executive which is the government led by a civilian Prime Minister and then the Legislative Assembly chairing those seats on the list that the Assembly Might prove a commodious because they are parties who. Was part of the protests but are not part of the forces for freedom and change so there is a lot of work still to be done before now we seem to be seeing the possibility of stability and peace in sudan ok lets look at one of those low. And thats a Rapid Support forces which has come under a lot of attention for mainly because theyve been blamed for the fatalities in the crackdown on protesters theyre not going to come under the military what does that mean and is that likely does that mean now that the proof or is that something that the protesters will agree with. Certainly because the Rapid Support forces have been. Operating as a law unto themselves the operating on the fringes of the law cutting out most of us will cities every time they work killings both in the square and also protesters were fired upon the Transitional Military Council was emphatic in believing them for that kind of violence and thats not just with their blame theyve been blamed for mercy of crimes against humanity in the darfur region of western sudan in the Nuba Mountains they have been not been part of the general military command been taking orders direct really from bashir but after his departure from the glow miti the man whos seen as the 2nd the 2nd in command in the Transitional Military Council now that theyre going to be part of the general command it means there will be operating within the course of action on multi having free hunt with which to carry out atrocities as weve seen in the past few months a very Interesting Times and hopefully better times ahead for saddam thank you very much vonnegut great to get your take that puerto rico has a new governor lawyer pedre pierre louisiana has been sworn in but his appointment still has to be confirmed by the u. S. Territory senate crowds have been out celebrating in the streets after a car there was sello stepped down from the role he was forced to resign following a text message scandal and corruption allegations realize all the has far from the capital san juan. Well the new governor has been sworn in in puerto rico this is an island that is still very much in a constitutional crisis thats because the new governor. Was sworn in but he was only confirmed by the house of representatives in puerto rico and not by the senate so its very unclear from a constitutional standpoint if he can actually be governor even though he was sworn in we expect that there could be lawsuits in the coming days there could be injunctions filed by opposition Political Parties here in puerto rico so while there is some sense of normalcy here on the streets right outside of the Governors Mansion behind me there is still very much a lot of uncertainty here this was a protest that went on for more than a month to get rid of the previous governor he is now out of office but now theyre in training into a new phase of uncertainty on what will happen with the new governor here the new governor is pretty well respected many people say hes very competent and capable he was puerto ricos representative to congress in washington d. C. For several years but many of the people here on the streets the protesters say they have a Newfound Energy and they are willing to go back on the streets if necessary to protest if he does not deliver on some of his promises such as health and education improvements here on this island that is a u. S. Territory nevertheless well have to see in the coming days how this all shakes out because still his future the new governor is still very uncertain in his constitutional crisis the puerto rico still faces. After months of bombing in northwest syria the government has announced a conditional cease fire airstrikes in a province a last trouble stronghold have now stopped the truce is brokered peace talks in kazakhstan the opposition says they will stick to the deal as long as the government doesnt violate it under summons was out those talks in their cell phone. In accordance with a communique that didnt use the word ceasefire syrian state media had already announced a conditional truce demanding the withdrawal of weaponry from a buffer zone or it lip. The Syrian Government blames the turkish for not fulfilling their role in the so she agreement last year. How the muslim you term this has not materialized on the contrary the number of terrorists in and lead has increased mainly foreign fighter terrorists in and leave. The opposition despite reservations agreed to a truce but accused the regime of violating the so she agreement taking advantage of a withdrawal of fighters so they could launch what it called their cunning criminal attacks and their spokesman gave this war. Right now there is no trust and there will be no trust in the future when it comes with glory the heavy weapons and no heavy weapons will be withdrawn unless theyre all written guarantee. But russia says the biggest fighting group brands as terrorists are all sham h. T. S. Must be eliminated turkey has an obligation according to such a memorandum to do it if they cannot do it alone can run the