Patrick hofstetter from the World Wildlife fund took us out to see the disappearing place in. The alps a bore me more than twice as fast as the rest of europe over some of it was unprecedented drought. Yeah thats really special for us to farmers dont know dissertation yet. The grass stopped growing stewed there is a shortage. They actually started to slaughter their cows much earlier but. After this really dry summer i can feel a renewed sense of urgency especially also because to farmers now and to really accept that they are directly affected by it. 3 hours from superrich we come to what used to be the start of the giant mortar rochdale ac. To be thought to track at 100 think 3 years the place they came. All the way to. All the way to the station area. Since then its retreated by 3 kilometers the other with factories and 600 meters of that in just the past decade. Theyre building this ancient place here is expected to disappear entirely with another time. So are all the places in switzerland presumably protections shared by end of the century most of them build disappear completely on the few will remain in the very top of mountains. The changing climate is already pushing the economy. Many ski fields are now bare until after christmas. This is a new situation we face in the last 10 years since i got laid translator they have to do a lot of establishing to prepare or drive down here or slopes. Even at higher altitude ski resorts are laying giant insulation sheets over places to preserve snow. From may to october more or less they cover it like that and they remove it in october and start to ski again. Covering glaciers with blankets trying to stop the building while its actually just slowing down the process so its not a solution its just to fight the symptoms of Climate Change. Mean. We have been doing to engineering now for many many decades in actually burning so much fossil fuel and altering the climate. By humankind that we have to look now in a similar scaling to solutions to the problem. As high as we are here some believe the real added to Climate Change is 20 kilometers up there and our next stop will be scientists who dont want to put blankets on glaciers they want to blanket the atmosphere. In the hallowed halls of Harvard University research is im looking at just how practical and dangerous geo engineering they said here we have one of the big pieces of test equipment that we use to work in preparation for putting instruments into the stratosphere engineering professor frank is preparing for the 1st test Mission Later this year. Ok and so we can put instruments into the vacuum turn and then we can simulate the stratospheric pressure so you have a 20 kilometers. Belt use a High Altitude balloon to scatter the sun reflecting inner cells across the upper atmosphere. Right now theyre fine tuning equipment to measure the effect. Without the spice race in a way it does on a much smaller scale. They fly up into the stratosphere high above us the white board theory is that tons of tiny sulfur particles deposited by specially modified planes would lower the earths temperature would result in cooling the planet. Its what happened naturally in 991. 00 after the philippines mount pinatubo volcano erupted. And this gas then reacts in the stratosphere with oxidants and turns into a soft europe acid for the few years. After mount pinatubo the temperature was noticeably lower and it cooled down the planet that was one effect but it got from what ive got to agree it was you know its probably the range of about half a degree celsius. Trouble is a quick fix like that could have no side effects and what was also apparent after mount pinatubo and other volcanic eruption is that these particles in the end reduce the amount of ozone in the stratosphere so you know weve been trying to do a lot to actually fix the boat on land and here you now have the idea of introducing something that could destroy it again. And its not just those risks the bank this project controversial its the fear held by many of the scientists themselves but just the suggestion of a magic bullet gives governments an excuse to keep pumping up a missions. So good youve been running the numbers on this i mean isnt economically feasible part of the problem is just how much cheaper this geo engineering would be than switching to renewable see if anything it is too cheap economist durnovo there is the projects executive director its so cheap that were talking about single digit billions of dollars to potentially influence entire planets climate and now if i was running a fossil fuel corporation everything great this can solve the problem and we can keep digging up coal and frankly thats the problem right so i guess you might consider that to the vested interest not in fact be very interested in Something Like this as you know yet another excuse not to cut c 2 emissions. Very often compare stratospheric drink to painkillers this does not fix the problem right it does nothing about c o 2 1st of all. Were just reducing symptoms and then human nature can kick in and say well you know its hard to deal with. Changing the Energy Infrastructure which is very true its a huge problem so in the end any decision will always have to be based on imperfect knowledge do you ever feel like this is playing god. It is theres a huge amount of hubris in this idea of saying wow oh weve caused a problem lets fix the problem and i know how to do is were going to do this and we know exactly whats going to happen to the whole planet yes it has a lot of that is actually quite unsettling and quite frankly makes me quite anxious. These can provide us possibilities whatever geo engineering can achieve the i. P. C. C. Says the most carbon intensive fuel should still be phased out by 2050 at our next stop well see how the industry is fighting back because the jews its a mission to keep the same. Goose it is a city built on. Mining fossil fuels is as much a part of texan culture as raising cattle or roots good. But these days big energy is trying to sidestep demands to cut production. Its response is a much touted technology to cut the carbon footprint. Well today were heading out to texas is the biggest pal plant its a in the here of what the industry likes to call clean call. This is paid for no. Its a coal fired generation with a 1000000000. 00 absorption to our unit a day that lasts after the coal is burned be emissions of pumped through it and so all the collects much of the c o 2 before it hits the atmosphere. Its early days to get excited. The tower captures carbon from just one of the complexes 10 generating units. Whats more it doesnt actually reduce emissions over roll. The captured carbon is pumped in liquid form enjoy the oil field. They put c o 2 in the oil fields and you get more oil right as Company Spokesman david knox explains it breaks up stuff and deposits so they can extract more oil the c o 2 has a tendency it bonds with oil and when it launched it makes it slipperier and when its slippery or it comes off of the rock that last bit of oil in there but if you capturing c o 2 but to get more oil out on to actually increasing the amount of c o 2 overall it was if we were increasing the amount of oil thats being used but we dont actually have any impact on the amount of oil thats been used the oil is the same amount being used were just increasing the Domestic Production and we dont have to import as much oil from foreign countries. The industry is looking at other options like super heating homes that still produces nations without. Well still since. This unit said the small one in canada are the only ones coal fired plants using Carbon Capture the personally. There is such a thing as clean coal but it is only that these to use. The economics are very challenging when will there be another one bill im not good at predicting the future but we now know that we can build one on time on budget. The uncertainty hasnt stopped politicians insisting the industry is saying. We have and the war on beautiful lean coal. Even. Some time consultant to begin it is skeptical clean coal has been a mirage for very many years it would be wonderful if you could actually have all the benefits of the cheapest fossil fuel and cut the Carbon Emissions but it turns out its fairly expensive to do on the on the coal fired power plant that is actually takes out some of the energy that you would otherwise produce so it has real cost and of course you also have to store it securely and theres been a lots of conversations about that weve not really seen it running and we certainly havent seen it running cheaply so again its one of the things that we should investigate but were not ready to do it any time soon. Back in copenhagen ordinary citizens continue to do their bit for the. Doctor alone boil down to his competitor its whatever except the real cost of abandoning fossil fuel. Most people are not content to only be able to charge their phones for have have their t. V. s running or indeed their operating theatres and in hospitals running when the sun is shining and when the sun is not shining the cost from solar panels is infinite and likewise with with Wind Turbines when the wind is. Why. Its not true this idea that when the suns not shining the winds not blowing were not getting that energy because when the sun is shining in the wind is blowing you can charge batteries and so the frontier is battery technology. No matter how fast the world switches to Renewable Energy the i untested high risk of geo engineering could soon be a bonus. We dont get there by going youre trolling for better or for worse geo engineering is part of the mix Going Forward because we cannot get to where we need to be by conservation alone. It could be the last throw the dice to save the planet. After decades of governments ignoring dial warnings simply going green may not be a galley fire and a. Few. More. Voters beaten and polling stations stolen 12 european politicians on trial for their role in a referendum on Catalan Independence their political opponents in the prosecutors seat for a case that traces crucial questions about democracy and selfdetermination. But is the outcome already decided by a hostile spanish state. The catalonia trials justice or vengeance on a. Its my privilege to name aljazeera english the broadcaster of the year the cartels are fighting each other and weve been told that we can still hear this is the largest demonstration thats been held by the refugees since over 700. 00 you hear some of the largest losers on the planet earth here or they think that they could be part of that here aljazeera english. Recipients of the new york kristens broadcaster of the year lord of the city give a. Talk to al jazeera. We ask problems and besides the instability is corruption we listen since i hadnt been so who are pushing the United States and President Trump into conflict we meet with global newsmakers and talk about the stories that matter is iraq one of the really special things about working for aljazeera is that even as a camera woman i get to have so much empathy and contribution to a story i feel we cover this region better than anyone else working for it is you know its very challenging liberally particularly because you have a lot of people that are divided on political issues we are we the people we live to tell the real story so ill just mandate is to deliver indepth journalism we dont feel inferior to the audience across the globe. Hello im down jordan and with the top stories on aljazeera saudi arabias crown prince is blamed for the explosions on 2 tankers in the gulf on thursday iran has dismissed accusations that it was involved some of the British Ambassador to the u. K. Back to the claims. From the capital moscow. More investigation is taking place apparently the americans have sent a team to board one of the 2 attackers that have been hit to collect more evidence and that follows the video that was released by the americans purporting to show grainy and removing an unexploded mine from the home of one of the ships iran has denied being behind these attacks but also the foreign minister of the United Arab Emirates has said his country submitted more evidence to the Security Council and that it was clear evidence that the incidents were state sponsored hidden automation by the name but we know that the United Arab Emirates and saudi arabia have from day one supported the american version of events and they said they believe that iran has been behind these attacks whats not clear now is whether the preparations the war preparations on the american side are an indication of an s. K. A real acceleration and an open war thats going to take place in this region or whether its a way to put more pressure on iranians to come to negotiation tables the americans are saying that they are capable of waging a war and meeting around forcing iran to stop sabotaging the waterways of the gulf and disrupting oil supplies to the world iranians on the other hand are saying that they have not done anything anything wrong but if forced to war they are ready to defend themselves so on both sides we have this double talk about war and peace at the same time yemens who the rebels have launched drone strikes on 2 airports in saudi arabia claiming to put them out of service but riyadh says its their Defense Systems brought down one drone headed for port now yemens border it retaliated with air strikes on the yemeni capital sanaa ahmed al but katie is a member of the who these Political Office she says the group was attacking saudi arabia to force the coalition to end it all in yemen. Well i have a knack and there is a clear contradiction from saudi and immunity media because they always downplay the significance of these drone strikes but in return they rush to urge the International Community to stand by them in condemning the attacks in a bid to stop us from carrying more strikes but that shows that these drone attacks are the right thing to do because at the end of the day only this will end the saudi n. U. E. Aggression against yemen every time we meet International Officials we only hear them focusing on our missile and drone attacks and this again shows that only this operation will be the way to end this war. Protesters in hong kong are returning to the streets despite the government putting controversial legislation on the hold they want the complete withdrawal of an extradition bill theres been a week of mass demonstrations and street violence over the issue is driven by fear is it could allow critics in the semi autonomous territory to be sent to Mainland China for trial. U. S. President donald trump has accused the New York Times of treason after a report of the u. S. Increasing Cyber Attacks on russia the article quotes former and serving government officials who say the u. S. Is hot the russian power grid report says that this is all part of an aggressive Cyber Campaign partly in retaliation against what it called interference in the 2800. 00 midterm elections the us president has denied the allegations sudans former president Omar Al Bashir could be brought before a court as early as next week the chief Prosecutor Says bashir will be referred for trial unless he filed an appeal in the next few days the former leader is facing corruption charges he was deposed by the military in april after weeks of protests against his government. Health officials in the democratic republic of congo have suspended vaccination campaigns against measles and other diseases in the northeast the region is struggling with an outbreak of the boehner virus that been 5 cases in the city of bunia near the border with ganda Health Services say theyll prioritize vaccinating against a boner until the outbreak is contained. But those are the headlines the news continues here on aljazeera after the big picture in france watching my fellow. The world is slowly waking up to the growing impact of ai. This exhibition in london is all about our relationship to Computer Technology but ai remains in its infancy still struggling through glitches in the system yet were handing more and more decisionmaking over to the algorithm. Im Corey Kreider im a human rights lawyer i investigated a drone strike in yemen that killed my client faisal banally jobbers family what i found was a semiautomated targeting system used to describe who was and wasnt a threat but as the big picture showed previously on the world according to ai Artificial Intelligence isnt just used in military targeting but in everyday policing as well in this episode will delve deeper into the power potential and prejudice of ai as people seek to use it to shape our world. Were. One of the best established blind spots where the police have been seeking to use algorithmic material to accelerate and inform their practice is predictive policing so the way that it works is this lets say that youve got a historically over policed community a community who are Poor Community of color the algorithm takes that data and basically turns around and says you went there before you probably want to go there again and so what everybody found and study after study has shown this is that it amplifies the next celebrate the process of over policing communities who are already over policed. In the United States the history of Law Enforcement has an unfortunate link to racism going right back to the era of slavery. In the 18th century groups of white men on horseback paddy rollers as they were known would go out on patrol looking for in slave people whod fled to freedom. If caught those whod run away would be horrifically beaten mutilated or killed. The paddy rollers would be assigned an area to patrol. It was known as their beat. There is no question that policing in the us contacts certainly has grown out of slave catching so lets go back to their original origin people who try to escape and being enslaved were often hunted down and brought back into some type of system of control. When slavery was abolished the patty rollers would evolve into what became formalized police units and they didnt just abandon the road beats. Just as before africanamericans continue to bear the brunt of repressive police attention. With every crime recorded every stop and search every arrest every sentence a criminal history has been recorded data has been generated data that in the 21st century has been used to make predictions about the future of crime. Were now in the era of predictive policing. The got its start in los angeles with the l. A. P. D. Around 2012011 was actually the brainchild of an anthropologist and a mathematician Jeff Brantingham and George Miller were 2. Sort of social scientists who are studying crime patterns and they realize that certain kinds of crimes are sort of viral are most contagious in their way so if theres one burglary in an area its actually statistically more likely that theyll be other burglaries in that area and so they came up with an algorithm and they pitched this the l. A. P. D. And the l. A. P. D. Would went with their 1st experiments to see if it worked and for them it worked enough that it began and it suddenly took off. The research that went into Geoffrey Browning and algorithm was for the most part funded by the pentagon. His initial work used military data to forecast insurgent attacks in places the u. S. Had invaded such as iraq and afghanistan. But his focus shifted from battlefields abroad to supposedly enemies at home. He created a Company Called credible that uses data from Us Police Departments to tell Us Police Departments where to look for criminality. What happens is that when the vendors showed these tools to the police the police say thats exactly what we were going to do. And sometimes we describe this as selection bias meets confirmation bias and they live happily ever after the idea that we use Historical Data to train machines and algorithm to predict into the future is very important so for example if you live in a community that has historically been over policed you are more likely to have your algorithms point right back to those communities that have been over policed if you have people who have been over arrested like africanamericans and latinos and degenerates people then your ai is going to point to those people once you feed that data and say ok i see theres more crime here let me go find some more. Well guess what youre going to find if you go look for more crime you are going to find more crime where you look for it and not where you dont look for it. But then they added in this extra element that every time theres a Police Contact you get an extra point. So in some ways theyve created an almost selffulfilling prophecy for the people because police are directed to go find the people with the most points then they go find the person who has the most points and then the person has extra points so tomorrow where theyre going to go hey this guys eyes are poised the consequence of that is that the database starts accumulating a lot higher fraction of all the crimes committed by black people then committed by white people and you turn outgrow them loose on that itll say wow black people are really dangerous but we can ignore white people. So what happens is that. The algorithm. Calcifies or embodies the bias in the policing. I meant by there for a really good summation and really going to be there really. Showing yeah lets pensacola pam and con is one of the lead organizers of the stop l. A. P. D. Spying coalition a collective that campaigns against what it believes to be growing Police Surveillance and criminalization of the local community in 2018 the coalition took the Los Angeles Police department to court forcing it to release the details of its Predictive Policing Program theres 2 layers to predictive policing one is a community and a location based where algorithms are used and the Company Principal has developed that algorithm which was owned by Jeffrey Brown thing and was a professor of anthropology and has a long history himself how this thing was created on the on the feeds of afghanistan and iraq directly coming from the border from the war zones and the other piece is operational laser which is a person and a location based predictable policing program laser stands for los angeles strategic extraction and Restoration Program and the reason why its called laser is that the creators of lasers said that we wanted to go into the community with a medical type precision and extract teamers out of the Community Like a laser like decision thats where they came up with a half and thats how they came up with the acronym as people are tumors the exact track that i think is not really