Its simply almost impossible to find time to get there, i need to call and i can make an appointment for tomorrow, hardly the day after tomorrow, just crowds of people want to sit in the cockpit and see what its like to rise into the sky, well, at least virtually, amazing that this is not used, firstly, it is of enormous social importance has, the difference between young guys and everything that we dont talk about today, the interest is huge, its more than a sport, its love. Practically for the rest of your life, you see, here there are, in addition to, lets say, emotional things, there are also such aspects as technical literacy, that is, a person who comes there from childhood, lets put it this way, because of the emotional pressure in the aviation organization, yes, firstly, he must understand how it flies, he studies it, he begins to understand it, he has absolutely the educational process is structured differently. They begin to teach him these aspects of aerodynamics, technology, some technological aspects, already in the club, he is a completely different person, then he calmly enters there either into the academy or into some other universities, all of our designers, they started there from gliders, conditionally, but there are great ones, these are antonov and korolev, and yakovlev, there on mount klimentyev in the crimea, yes, this is our technological school, when a boy comes from the extortion organization, he some can fly, some cannot fly, some become a designer , some an engineer, some a pilot, but by and large, these are all organizations, this is a basic school that selects children who can later create, create, i want to tell you more than that, here is one of the topics that we did not touch upon today, once upon a time , in the year ninetyeight, igor aleksanovich borskov and i organized a flying club in kaliningrad, a guards club, he is a professional physician, a reserve colonel , and we have developed a training system, thats all you are talking about, this is technological equipment, this is aerodynamics, aircraft navigation , navigational training, in general, everything, with this proposal i approached the then commander inchief of the air force, since 23 years of flight experience. Not only do we get a motivated person, but most importantly a technically trained one, the question is that it is possible to shorten the educational process in a Vocational School by at least a year, convenient, convenient, economically beneficial, today mochansky has the same thing, here we are we remembered belarus, his training at the flying club is like this, it absolutely corresponds to the first, second year. Of any flight aviation school, it turns out that a person comes to the school, prepared, motivated, absolutely, we can shorten this distance, its profitable, in this history, here about the length of the race, im not ready to discuss this point, most likely this is the case, because it really may shorten the time, it may not shorten it, because anyway he has a basic education in a sense, lets say, carefully, lets say, in a certain sense, yes, but what will we achieve . We will achieve that our dropout rate will be reduced, it will practically disappear, because we will get those people into a professional Educational Institution who will reach the finish line 100 , then that is, he will become a 100 professional in the specialty in which he entered, this is very important, because screening out these guys at the preparation stage is a colossal expense, especially in the state. Institutions where it is paid from the budget, private owners are its clear, he went, he will study for his own money, complete his studies, but if he is not physiologically ready for flying, that is, but he is not coordinated, he cannot. Fly an airplane, he will leave, in government institutions, if a person , when training military pilots there, the state will spend colossal amounts of money , that is, you understand how much it costs to fly a training jet plane, there now its crazy money, and in order to understand that this person is not capable, he has to do everything before it still flies there for 2030 hours, after the instructor tells him, sorry brother, go under your wing, uh. And this is an important point, this educational hole that we have, the one that has always existed, in the soviet union, it was, we always received a military school for people who had undergone initial flight training, of course, good, well, heres the commission, in in which you and i took part, you think its promising, it will give some effect, but it seems to me that sergei is not a believer, hes just a very serious person, apparently he poses the task correctly, and what if he set the task, as far as i know him, he probably assumes that this task will be solved, you know that i liked it, based on the meeting that was, firstly, i understood, i saw the interest of one deputy chairman of this Incredible Organization the second davankov is that they clearly, completely understand for themselves that this is a really pressing issue, in relation to the legislative proposals that have been made, noticed how detailed they are discussed, yes, that is, we must definitely find out about them some kind of solution, that is, these issues that are not brushed aside, secondly, there is a very Good Support Team there, which really initiates these issues and supports the legislative preparation of these acts, there is sergey detyonyshev, and there is dmitry kulyakov, that team, who in every possible way prepares these legislative proposals, studies them, and prepares the entire list of questions for this, these are the assistants who are directly involved in preparing the work of this commission and the entire range of issues that are put forward there, its really overdue, a new meeting of the working group has now been scheduled, i really hope that this will give results and some kind of confidence, based on the reaction of davankova, i have that we will get the desired result for the aviation community, great, thank you very much, we touched on a very important. Issue and i, well, just all in the hope that this will actually be resolved, because without this we cant live any longer, it was a podcast, Everyone Wants to fly, and we talked today with general director of the moscow Aircraft Repair plant, i almost said mr. Nastyum, no, with comrade pavel nikolaevich, because we have known each other for many years, the topics that we raised today, i think, concern a lot of people, and i. Really wanted a podcast , which is called Everyone Wants to fly, has become the slogan for the development of small aviation in our country. It was leonid yakubovich, the monitoring pilot, today we really spent time with you on the ground and i think it was not in vain, see you soon, see you soon. Hello, im dmitry bak, here literary podcast, let them not talk, let them read, today we, as always, talk about reading about literature, i repeat, as usual, that you can read ancient manuscripts, you can read electronic devices, newspapers, magazines, books, it is important that you read, because reading and literature. This is a wonderful, fashionable, cool activity , as they say now, and today we will talk about a person who has largely changed our reading circle, the reading circle is just an expression that is associated with the fat lion, because it is about Leo Nikolayevich tolstoy that we will talk, so we are talking today with his two greatgreatgrandsons, or rather with his greatgreatgrandson and greatgreatgranddaughter, tolstoy, fyokla tolstaya, journalist, tv presenter, and head of the tolstoy digital project, vladimir tolstoy, advisor to the president of the Russian Federation on culture, many years, vladimir ilyovich headed the Yasnaya Polyana museumreserve, well , who else, if not you, should know about tolstoy something that maybe not everyone knows, thats what well talk about today. Whats it like to be . Then tolstoy, how it all feels, well try about it lets talk, lets start with yasnaya polyany, of course, because this is a place of power, who do we start with . Maybe, lets, lets thekla, lets start with you, well, in general, of course, if we talk about Yasnaya Polyana, then its probably right to start with volodya, because volodya became the director of Yasnaya Polyana in 1994, and it was such a return of the fat people to the museum, because fat people have always been associated with the museum, volodya, after all, what happened in the midnineties, like this some kind of event, it was for you that it began to open up, how Yasnaya Polyana lived then, how. The oldest memories live now, this is how they surfaced , my oldest memories are connected with my childhood in a completely different place, in troitskoye, in the moscow region, uh, on the klyazminskoye reservoir, and i spent my entire Early Childhood there, in fact i was born in the village of severny, which was not yet part of moscow at that time, and uh, i just remember well that at some point i got sick. I started reading quite early , i asked my dad to advise me to read something, i was in preschool age, that is, maybe 6 years old, and dad gave me two books, my life at home in clear glade, sisters sofia andreevna, tatyana andreevna kuzminskaya, and my memories of ilya lvovich tolstoy, our common greatgrandfather, greatgrandfather. Yes, vladimir and fyokla, cousins, second cousins, yes, second cousins, yes, to make it clear, here is Lev Nikolaevich, yes, he has 13 children, one of his sons, the third child, the eldest sergei, then tatyana , the third child is ilya, ilya lvovich, here he is our common greatgrandfather, and then, what is the pedigree, this is interesting, then ilya lvovich also has eight children, in including two sons, my grandfather ilya, and my grandfather vladimir, so they are brothers, and then, fyoklins father nikita ilyovich and my father Ilya Vladimirovich are cousins, and you are second cousins, and we are second cousins, yes, everything in general is quite simple, Oleg Vladimirovich and his offspring, this is ilyachi, we generally pass through everything like ilyachi, our grandfathers, here, here volodins grandfather is sitting on his lap. Also on his knees this is and auntie, the very girl on the left is the elder sister of our grandfathers and the eldest granddaughter, the first granddaughter of lev nikolaevch yes, in fact, this is our part of the family , mostly here, and ilya elvovich is not really there , but there is sofya nikolaevna, his wife. Daughterinlaw of Lev Nikolaevich and sofia andreevna, here she is right behind Lev Nikolaevicharos children, and children, yes, five children, mikhail, andrey, uh, volodya and ilyushok, heres another photo, yes, here is the wonderful alexandra lvovna, sashenkas beloved daughter , yes, at this age, amazing, she is a very important person in general, and for me. An important person for her father, the youngest daughter who dedicated her life, yes dedicated her life to her father, here is just ilya lvoevich, standing in the top row, the very left, ilya lvoevich, lev lvoevich, alexandra lvovna, eldest son sergei lvoevich, andrey lvoevich, masha, tanya and mikhail, these are the lines that later , after the revolution. Fate has scattered them across a variety of countries, we still count them this way based on their children, for example, the mikhalics in france in america, the lvovichs in sweden, tatianas descendants in italy, thats how we more or less count them, the andreichs in the czech republic, thats all, who are related to our families, we are called serbian fat, because the history of our families is connected with such an important period of their life, difficult, so we are serbian fat, and so when my dad gave me these two books, and they both , unusually, described clear glade as such an amazing place, happy, joyful , and i really wanted to get there, and my first visit , it gave birth to very mixed feelings in me, we came to the house, we really cant say that we were very happy there, but uh, of course, we ended up in tolstoys house, i was struck by its gloominess. Curtained windows, so as not to get into the light, i remember this dark linoleum on the floor, at the entrance to the house, i was very, that is, without touching anything, without looking anywhere, a great man lived here, i was very disappointed, and then not only reconciled, but i fell in love with the clear meadow, as soon as we left the house we found ourselves, we went, i remember to a slanted meadow, somewhere just to walk, it is of course an amazingly beautiful. Amazing place in russia, but this is the first feeling, i actually went with it i came to the museum in 1994, i wanted the house to become alive again, habitable and bright, like how this life was organized, in general, how it all happened there , it happened differently in different years, because Lev Nikolaevich and Sofya Andreevna lived a long life, in 910 livan nikolavich died, thats 48 years of life, in which there were a variety of periods, and at the beginning of the birth of older children, each of whom writes about a very happy childhood in yasnaya polyany and sergei lvovich, tatyana lvna, then there were more difficult periods. At first, the family lived mainly in their own circle, the sister tatyana andreevna i mentioned, the one who married kuzminsky came with the children, stayed for a while, it was like that, the children were small, they played, it was fun, they came up with some games, mailboxes, wrote some poems, a mailbox this is a real legend, right . Well, of course, an absolutely wellknown story, where just family members wrote, without signing, some little notes about each other with poems, with some plots, then everyone read it together having fun, discussed it, laughed, and its like a family thing, a family game, well described by tatyana andreevna, yeah. From minsk, but there were other family legends, yes, the most Famous Legend about the search for the green stick, its all connected with the name of his older brother nikolai, who, after his parents passed away, became a very important person in the family, and he is for his younger brothers and sister , told them incredible stories and came up with games, there are many of them, here one of them is the search for a green stick on which is written the secret of happiness for all humanity, and if it is found and read, then there will be no more wars or wars in the world. Death, no, no poverty, there is such a secret, this green stick is buried in a clear clearing, exactly in the place where lef nikolaevich later bequeathed to bury himself, how wonderful. The metaphor is built that tolstoy was really looking for this green stick, all life, yes, and indeed for us it is buried in a clear clearing , in the sense that when we think about the secret of universal happiness, we turn specifically to tolstoy, we continue our conversation, which is timed to coincide with a not round, but important anniversary tolstoy, Lev Nikolaevich turns 195 years old, and today we are talking about leo tolstoy with his wonderful descendants with svetla tolstoy, curator of the tolstoy digital project, journalist, tv presenter and vladimir tolstoy, advisor to the president of the Russian Federation on culture, the man who headed the Museum Reserve for many years liv nikolaevich tolstoy Yasnaya Polyana. Tolstoy became stronger every year and ten years. An increasingly famous person, you felt strongly about this, or i think that over time, of course, it began to weigh heavily on him, this publicity, public attention, the number of people who came to Yasnaya Polyana, journalists, photographers, then cameramen, when the cinema came, and petitioners, admirers, followers, its not easy, you still have to think and write, you mentioned about videographers, here we are now lets just watch a few short videos, after all, cinema was still made by cameramen, of course, on the day of the anniversary, in 1908 , just Lev Nikolayevich on the balcony, thats all, and now tolstoys walk to the estate of chertkov kryokshin, and here it is, despite the quality of the shooting, its quite a repen shot, yes, not a shot, but a plan, a solitary walk by Lev Nikolaevich, chertkov is also very good. An important person, there are many conflicts and disputes around his figure, but nevertheless, here is a meeting in moscow, and fat people are in moscow, and a completely different story, this is what we were talking about, yes, a crowd of people, this is not just a crowd of people , who meet other people, but many pay attention, there was an advertisement in the newspaper that fat people were coming and oozing yes. You also need to understand that tolstoy, of course, was very much like this popeidol, yes, if you translate it into modern language, journalists were hunting for him, and if, for example, you remember the story of tolstoys departure from the clearing and look, then these are just modern paporatians, and it was just simple step by step, when the newspapers printed what does he have a temperature or what is the condition of his stomach and even when he is sick. And of course , this attention was, was very painful in the last years of his life, but this, this is not only, we can look at it from the other side, that tolstoy was incredibly important a figure for society, here is footage of filming on the day of his eightieth birthday, during this whole year the entire Russian Society spoke out in 908, spoke out about tolstoy, and this speaks more about the role that she played. Discussing tolstoy, the most important issues of that time were discussed, well, such an absolute moral authority, even where disputes arose, well , tolstoys famous phrase tells chekhov that shakespeare is a barbarian, but your plays are even worse, but it is clear that shakespeare is not a barbarian, in chekhov the plays are also quite worthy, but it says thick, so there are some reasons for this, well, not by chance. Chekhov also wrote after tolstoys death, or rather even before he wrote that tolstoy was about to die, everything would go to hell, and after tolstoys death everyone wrote that if tolstoy had been alive, this might not have happened, maybe some things wouldnt have happened catastrophes, this is probably a mistaken opinion, probably the course of history is still. As if so inexorable, but the assessment of his contemporaries was such that the authority, the moral authority of tolstoy was so great and tall, that some global catastrophic events might not even have happened, well, yes, indeed, Lev Nikolaevich for russia, and not only for russia, for the whole world, this would not be an exaggeration, such an absolute moral authority, there are several such people in the world, but the same gandhi, yes, gandhi is a student of tolstoy, just as he is a student of tolstoy, of course, at the same time, Lev Nikolaevich really strived for something directly opposite to this fame, he wanted to be understandable to the simplest person, this is his main idea , i would like to read a few paragraphs from the abc, this is a famous text, and Lev Nikolaevich was also a great teacher who argued with his great contemporaries in this area, who believed that theoretical knowledge. Is harmful, that a person should be able to sign, count, navigate the world, if it is simple, this is a controversial idea, but it is what it is, and when they explained the aggregate states of matter to you and me, they said that h2o has three aggregate states water, ice, and steam, yes, thats how tolstoy writes exactly about this, coming out in winter on a quiet frosty day, in a field or forest, look all around you, listen, there is snow everywhere, its frozen, dry grass sticks out from under the snow, the trees stand bare, nothing moves, cast iron and water will drizzle, it will turn to stone, put frozen cast iron on the fire, the ice will crack, melt, move, the water will begin to sway and gurgle, then as soon as it starts to boil, it will hum and swirl, the light also comes from the heat, there is no heat, everything is dead, there is heat, everything moves and lives , little heat, little movement, more heat more movement, where does it come from . Warm light . Heat from the sun, the sun goes low in winter. Does not point its rays to the ground, nothing moves, the sun begins to move higher above our heads, it begins to shine against the ground , the whole world warms up and begins to move, and there are several themes from physics, yes, this is not about physics, this is not about physics, this is, this is about love, this is about love, yes, but this is physics, you must agree, so alive , based on experience, you must agree, how, uh, the artist in tolstoy manifests itself, no matter how he writes, its just about how the water in the pot is heated, after all, behind all these important words that tolstoy is amazing the deepest thinker, the ruler of thoughts, he is still an artist and he is a simple, ordinary person who wants to be heard by ordinary people, he is a completely complex and unusual person, he is a personality of amazing magnitude, incredible, just in the entire history. There is very little humanity a little, but at the same time in his youth he had vanity and, uh, a desire to be famous, a desire for fame, yeah, and then he somehow tried to eradicate this feeling in himself and uh, become simpler, become simpler, yes, but at the same time he still seems to be even in such a short the passage really shows what. A great artist, and its no coincidence that he himself probably said that the alphabet is generally his main work, which for him was perhaps more important than war and peace, ionna karenina, and his personal experience, of course, already in the diaries of youth and young adults, there is this polemic with oneself, yes, that i was such and such, i will become better, i will become simpler, it seems to me that in general diaries, which, well, unfortunately, people of course read less than. Works of fiction, this is absolutely an incredible text, absolutely, where this internal selfimprovement takes place, the struggle with ones shortcomings, even with ones own sins, and this is an incredibly important text, i would highly recommend, especially to young people, the diaries of a young tolstoy, you can believe in yourself when you you read and understand that you were not perfect either, absolutely, yes, this is the accepted expression of a selfmade man, it seems to me that tolstoy, well, its just paraxells, this is the most striking object, example, of a person who is himself made himself, it is remarkable that, as volodya rightly says, he described all the steps in this direction, but from a certain moment another time began, the time of the late tolstoy began. The socalled, yes, these are already those years when Lev Nikolaevich, at first partially, and then completely, refuses to publish, at least works of art, when he writes such works as i cannot remain silent, which is my faith, these are rather philosophical treatises , yes journalistic, and so on and so on, the book probably served as a boundary, which has the traditional name of confession, confessions, but in the history of literature, and tolstoy actually relied on, among other things, the confession of rousseau, rousseau was generally an extremely important figure for him, starting from his early youth, uh, thats why this is just a conversation about the important through your personal experiences, such extreme frankness, this confessional openness of Lev Nikolaevich is also very important for us, and this text is very strong, serious and not artistic, at the same time, just now. Difficult to divide into fiction and nonfiction, tolstoy has a lot of texts that, perhaps, are not so well known to a wide audience now, so we created such a project as tolstoys word, where we collected all of tolstoys texts and you can see how many literary texts, how many public works, interestingly, and what do they read besides the three great novels, well, this is a separate statistic for study, but it just seems to me that the general reader has no idea. To yourself, how much tolstoy wrote, how many pages of his texts are devoted to philosophical, religious and philosophical issues, this is probably the largest part, there is a very lively public, that is, to say that tolstoy, they know him primarily as the author of literary texts, but there is also a huge legacy, it is attractive, it is intelligible, it is convincing, it is perfect, and chernyshevsky is very correctly formulated by not the closest person in spirit to tolstoy, the purity of moral feeling, here it is in this sense for me, if we return to the definition that dima gave, ordinary and simple, it was important to tolstoy, here you can to approach him from the other side, tolstoy was interested in these simple human questions, of an ordinary person , the most important ones, and he raised them both for himself and for everyone else, in this sense, one can consider him like that too, again, paragonally amazing, of course , he is not simple, he is a very complex nature, but not all. Every complex nature strives to be understandable to as many people as possible, so i tried to formulate this, which is why tostovs death and his funeral became such an event, and one of them too in detail captured on, and of course, this is also an amazing document of the era of time and the people carrying tolstoys coffin from the kozlov zasek station in the clear. And these crowds of people who follow this coffin, this is, of course, an incredible film document of the era, if you think about it what tolstoys grave looks like, its probably the most modest grave in the whole world, nothing, no inscription , no cross, no nothing, a small mound, in fact, according to his plan, there shouldnt even be a mound, its just supposed to go into the ground. Razed to the ground, this is already a museum piece such a tradition that you still somehow designate a place, like a burial, of course, lets now move on to modern times and how does tolstoys legacy live on now . Volodya, lets start, probably, with what is happening in Yasnaya Polyana, with writers meetings, with this spirit that has been revived, well, one of my main ideas was to make Yasnaya Polyana again such an open place, very hospitable, and a place where modern creators, including modern writers, and the first writers meetings, they were, well, i came in 1994, i came from polyana, already in 1995, writers gathered in september around tolstoys birthday, that is, this has been practically going on for more than a quarter of a century, yes, yes , yes, this has been 2. 8 years in a row, every autumn writers come to Yasnaya Polyana, probably , we can even say that a generation has passed away of those who opened these meetings, started them, well, thank god tamich is alive, we are together in this somehow they started to come up with it, but there is no valentine there is no yakovich, valentinovich kurbatov, there are not many, but now you can just look at the photographs, well, thank god, except for valentin yakolovich, everyone acting , valentin yakolovich, the legendary kurbatov, amazingly talented, alexey varlamov, pavel vasinsky, who is in yasnaya glade became the main researcher of the modern biography of tolstoy, vladislav atoroshenko, one of the first. Laureates of the esnopolyanskaya prize eel petrovich zolotusky, our legendary critic, also writes, god bless him, good health, but anatoly andreevich kim, one of the initiators of the Yasnaya Polyana magazine, then the literary prize, Yasnaya Polyana, yeah, that is , we can say that the writers meetings somehow consolidated the writers community, generally difficult years, during the years of strife, the midnineties, yes. And didnt say hello to each other, yes, many of them, and now such a group of writers emerged who worked in different genres, who became the center of attraction, everyone communicated and then corresponded throughout the year, maintained these contacts, there were a lot it was done in order to somehow connect people, it seems to me that it worked, it is very important to me that there are always families and children there, it is very important that the children there became friends, there are two dozen of them, children of writers, communicate with each other, well, we talked about the fact that i