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Patrick Bolton, Stephen Cecchetti, Jean-Pierre Danthine, Xavier Vives The Covid-19 crisis and the subsequent downturn have reinforced the need to evaluate and address highly disruptive environment-related events as well as the strategic importance of sustainable finance in the upcoming years. The pandemic may serve as an experimental study to learn about climate change mitigation policies. Similar to the coronavirus outbreak, climate change involves the realisation of tail-related events manifested as global externalities that pose systemic financial risk, involve market failures, and call for supportive public intervention and international coordination. The Covid-19 crisis and the subsequent downturn have reinforced the need to evaluate and address highly disruptive environment-related events as well as the strategic importance of sustainable finance in the upcoming years. The pandemic may serve as an experimental study to learn about climate change mitigation policies. ....
Itai Agur, Anil Ari, Giovanni Dell Ariccia The discussion about central bank digital currency (CBDC) has gained an impressive momentum. Auer et al. (2020) report that many central banks have published retail or wholesale CBDC work and that in speeches of central bank governors and board members about CBDC there have now been more speeches with a positive than a negative stance. The ECB has recently published a comprehensive report on ‘a digital euro’ (ECB 2020). These activities have led to a growing literature, with a focus on the macroeconomic dimensions of CBDCs. Key topics are the effects of CBDCs on commercial banks, especially the risk of disintermediation, and on monetary policy and financial stability (Carapella and Flemming 2020, Brunnermeier and Niepelt 2019, Fernández-Villaverde et al. 2020, Andolfatto 2018). ....