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중미 100년 대결전... 최종승자는? ⑧

중미 100년 대결전... 최종승자는? ⑧
ohmynews.com - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from ohmynews.com Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.

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الولايات المتحدة أكبر مخرب للسلام العالمي بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية (1)

الولايات المتحدة أكبر مخرب للسلام العالمي بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية (1)
almasalla.travel - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from almasalla.travel Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.

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RIETI - The dollar, the yen, or the renminbi? Invoicing currency choices by Japanese overseas subsidiaries

The dollar, the yen, or the renminbi? Invoicing currency choices by Japanese overseas subsidiaries
For ITO Takatoshi s full bio,
For KOIBUCHI Satoshi s full bio,
For SATO Kiyotaka s full bio,
For SHIMIZU Junko s full bio,
For YOSHIMI Taiyo s full bio,
The currency a firm chooses to invoice in reveals lessons on the prominence of that currency in the international sphere. This column presents survey data from Japanese overseas subsidiaries, highlighting how the use of Asian currencies has been growing steadily. The authors show that among Asian local currencies, Chinese renminbi and Thai baht are the most used currencies by Japanese subsidiaries. If these countries become increasingly important destination markets for regional countries, local currencies will be used more as trade invoice currency in Asia. ....

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Invoicing currency choices by Japanese overseas subsidiaries

Takatoshi Ito, Satoshi Koibuchi, Kiyotaka Sato, Junko Shimizu
Since the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, Japanese firms’ profits have fluctuated with volatile exchange rate movements. From the early 1970s to the mid-1990s, the yen appreciated steadily, especially after the Plaza Accord in 1985. Japanese exporting firms have had to cope with large fluctuations within a yen appreciation trend. They have adopted various defensive measures. The use of financial instruments such as forward transactions proved to be effective only in the short run. Invoicing exports in yen should protect Japanese exporters’ income, but importers may not agree to the arrangement. Trade conflicts incentivised exporters to set up ‘assembler subsidiaries’ in foreign countries, and this proved to be an effective hedging operation against currency fluctuations. Japanese exporters have developed sophisticated currency risk management methods since the 2000s, when the overseas productio ....

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Schiller Institute Conference: Global Unity of Principle to Prevent a New Dark Age and Create a New Renaissance

Schiller Institute Conference: Global Unity of Principle to Prevent a New Dark Age and Create a New Renaissance
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