Independent Variables
Socio-demographic (age, residency, marital status, occupational status, family monthly income, ethnicity, religion), obstetric and reproductive factors (parity, gravidity, history of ANC).
Data Collection Tools and Procedure
The questionnaire was adopted from different articles published in English and contextualized to local situations. The adopted questionnaire was translated to locally spoken Oromo language and pre-tested. The validity of the tool was evaluated by comparing the consistency between the original and re-translated version of the tool. After the pre-test, the order of questions was rearranged, modified by replacing and adding more choice. The questionnaires contain five parts: socio-demographic data, obstetric and reproductive data, knowledge, attitude and practice questions. The questionnaires have a 12-item scale for knowledge assessment questions and a 10-item scale for practice questions. The scoring system of women’s knowledge and pract