In 2016, astronomers using data from NASA’s Kepler mission, discovered a planet unlike anything in our solar system –a “water world” planetary system orbiting the star Kepler-62 –a five-planet system with two worlds in the habitable zone their surfaces completely covered by an endless global ocean with no land or mountains in sight.
“Utterly Different Worlds Than Earth”
“These are utterly different worlds compared to our own Earth,” said Harvard University astronomer Li Zeng in 2019 about the chances that water worlds are a common feature of the Milky Way, which was heightened by research using computer simulations showing that sub-Neptune-sized planets –planets featuring radii about two to four times that of Earth– are likely to be water worlds. Some of these planets, Zeng observed, have oceans deep enough to exert pressures equivalent to a million times our atmospheric surface pressure. Under those conditions, fluid water gets compressed into high-pres
Powered By a Black Hole 300 Million Times More Massive than Our Sun --Most Distant Quasar with Radio Jets
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Earth s Hidden Innermost-Inner Core -- May Reveal an Unknown, Dramatic Event in the Planet s History
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The Milky Way is a dynamic museum of ancient merging relics, river-like streams of stars stripped from dwarf satellite galaxies that flow through the galaxy revealing its history and structure that allow astronomers to better understand how galaxies in the universe have formed and evolved.
Remnants of Dwarf Satellite Galaxies
“Stellar streams are the remnants of dwarf satellite galaxies that are swallowed by the Milky Way, but have not been fully digested,” said Zhao Gang from National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC). “The accretion process is not that the Milky Way swallowed the dwarf galaxy in one bite, but it peeled the dwarf galaxy layer by layer from outside to inside by tidal stripping, just like peeling an onion. The stripped stars distributed in their original orbits, and they formed a river-like structure, that is, a stellar stream.”
Astronomers have recently speculated that our nearest neighbor, Venus, may have been he first habitable planet in the Solar System “a place where life was just as likely to arise as it was on Earth,” says Darby Dyar, a planetary scientist at Mount Holyoke College with NASA’s Solar System Exploration team.
Coming off its fifth encounter with the Sun in 2020, the NASA’s Parker Solar Probe headed toward Venus, where on July 11, the spacecraft performed its first outbound flyby of Venus, passing approximately 516 miles above the surface as it curved around the planet passing through the planet’s weird “tail” –formed by gas particles in the planet’s atmosphere becoming charged ions, at which point they can escape Venus’ gravity and escape into outer space