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Global pollen samples reveal vegetation rate of change

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IMAGE: Recently collected cores sit in the back of an old truck after they were drilled from an ancient lake bed in Afar, Ethiopia.
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Credit: Sarah Ivory, Penn State
Ancient pollen samples and a new statistical approach may shed light on the global rate of change of vegetation and eventually on how much climate change and humans have played a part in altering landscapes, according to an international team of researchers.
We know that climate and people interact with natural ecosystems and change them, said Sarah Ivory, assistant professor of geosciences and associate in the Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Penn State. Typically, we go to some particular location and study this by teasing apart these influences. In particular, we know that the impact people have goes back much earlier than what is typically accepted as the case. However, we haven t been able to observe the patterns created by these processes globally or l ....

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Study Offers Earliest Evidence of Humans Changing Ecosystems with Fire

Study Offers Earliest Evidence of Humans Changing Ecosystems with Fire
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Team finds earliest signs of humans changing ecosystems with fire

The study, which appears in the journal
Science Advances, combines archaeological evidence dense clusters of stone artifacts dating as far back as 92,000 years ago with paleoenvironmental data on the northern shores of Lake Malawi in eastern Africa to document that early humans were ecosystem engineers. They used fire in a way that prevented regrowth of the region’s forests, creating a sprawling bushland that exists today.
“This is the earliest evidence I have seen of humans fundamentally transforming their ecosystem with fire,” says Jessica Thompson, assistant professor of anthropology at Yale University and the paper’s lead author. “It suggests that by the Late Pleistocene, humans were learning to use fire in truly novel ways. In this case, their burning caused replacement of the region’s forests with the open woodlands you see today.” ....

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Humans first used FIRE to transform the environment 92,000 years ago

Settlements and tools were unearthed in Africa that date back 92,000 years
Experts also found a surge in charcoal deposits in sediments of a near by lake
The charcoal dates to around the same time as the ancient settlements
Experts say humans living in the area used fire to burn down forests
This would be the first time fire has been found to change the environment ....

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How the keys to sustainably transforming the environment can be found in ancient human history

How the keys to sustainably transforming the environment can be found in ancient human history
Crew members excavate artifacts at a site in Karonga, Malawi, where stone tools are buried more than 3 feet (1 meter) below the modern ground surface. Jessica Thompson, CC BY-ND
Fields of rust-colored soil, spindly cassava, small farms and villages dot the landscape. Dust and smoke blur the mountains visible beyond massive Lake Malawi. Here in tropical Africa, you can t escape the signs of human presence.
How far back in time would you need to go in this place to discover an entirely natural environment?
Wearepart of an interdisciplinary collaboration between archaeologists who study past human behavior, geochronologists who study the timing of landscape change and paleoenvironmental scientists who study ancient environments. By combining evidence from these research specialities, we have identified an instance in the very distant past of early humans bending envi ....

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