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Credit: © 2021 Andrew Klinger
Red supergiants are a class of star that end their lives in supernova explosions. Their lifecycles are not fully understood, partly due to difficulties in measuring their temperatures. For the first time, astronomers develop an accurate method to determine the surface temperatures of red supergiants.
Stars come in a wide range of sizes, masses and compositions. Our sun is considered a relatively small specimen, especially when compared to something like Betelgeuse which is known as a red supergiant. Red supergiants are stars over nine times the mass of our sun, and all this mass means that when they die they do so with extreme ferocity in an enormous explosion known as a supernova, in particular what is known as a Type-II supernova. ....

Bunkyo Ku , Kei Fukue , Naoto Kobayashi , Keiichi Takenaka , Rohan Mehra , Shogo Otsubo , Sohei Kondo , Mingjie Jian , Chikako Yasui , Satoshi Hamano , Daisuke Taniguchi , Yuji Ikeda , Noriyuki Matsunaga , Hiroaki Sameshima , Hideyo Kawakita , Institute Of Astronomy , Masason Foundation , European Space Agency Gaia , School Of Science , India Science Cooperative Program , Division For Strategic Public Relations , Laboratory Of Infrared , Kyoto Sangyo University , Department Of Astronomy , Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society , University Of Tokyo ,