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Oldest known words have survived 15,000 years. They include "mother", "not" and "to spit"

These 23 words link modern and extinct languages. You would have been understood if you used them 15,000 years ago. ....

United States , Mark Pagel , University Of Reading School Biological Sciences , Washington Post , Biological Sciences , World Etymological ,

Ultraconserved words point to deep language ancestry across Eurasia

The search for ever deeper relationships among the World’s languages is bedeviled by the fact that most words evolve too rapidly to preserve evidence of their ancestry beyond 5,000 to 9,000 y. On the other hand, quantitative modeling indicates that some “ultraconserved” words exist that might be used to find evidence for deep linguistic relationships beyond that time barrier. Here we use a statistical model, which takes into account the frequency with which words are used in common everyday speech, to predict the existence of a set of such highly conserved words among seven language families of Eurasia postulated to form a linguistic superfamily that evolved from a common ancestor around 15,000 y ago. We derive a dated phylogenetic tree of this proposed superfamily with a time-depth of ∼14,450 y, implying that some frequently used words have been retained in related forms since the end of the last ice age. Words used more than once per 1,000 in everyday speech were 7- to 10-tim ....

Sergei Starostin , European Research Council , Santa Fe Institute , New World , Creole Tok Pisin , World Etymological , Human Languages , Leverhulme Trust , Direct Submission ,