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Labour Codes- 2020-Some Reflections Prof. (Dr.) D. Mukhopadhyay According to the classical economists, labour, in terms of importance of factors of production, comes next to capital. It is perhaps impossible to carry out any production of goods and generation of service without scientific intervention of labour in any economy. Even in highly automated production and distribution system, at least one human being is required to switch on and switch off the automotive machine. Possibly, its functional importance made Labour comes under the ambit of the Concurrent List of the Indian Constitution which implies that the Central Government and the respective State Governments are statutorily empowered to make laws for regulating labour, taking care of interest of labour and maintaining industrial peace and harmony between the employees and the owners of the industrial organizations and undertakings in the country through the Parliament and the State Legislatures respectively. According to

United kingdomLok sabhaCompany secretariesStanding committee on labourStanding committeeMinistry of labourEmployee provident fundSecond national commissionConcurrent listIndian constitutionCentral governmentState governmentsState legislaturesIndustrial lawsCentral labour lawsIndustrial relations