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In this age of anxiety, anger and contestations between the West and the Islamic world, many epoch‐​shaping stories of intellectual exchanges between our cultures are often forgotten.
A powerful example comes from literature. Millions of Christian, Jewish and Muslim readers across the world have read that famed tale of the man stranded alone on an island: “Robinson Crusoe” by Daniel Defoe, the 18th‐​century British pamphleteer, political activist and novelist.
Few know that in 1708, 11 years before Defoe wrote his celebrated novel, Simon Ockley, an Orientalist scholar at Cambridge University, translated and published a 12th‐​century Arabic novel, “Hayy ibn Yaqzan,”or “Alive, the Son of Awake,” by Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Tufayl, an Andalusian‐​Arab polymath. Writing about the influence of Ibn Tufayl’s novel on Defoe’s “Robinson Crusoe,” Martin Wainwright, a former Guardian editor, remarked, “Tufayl’s footprints mark the great class ....

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