which they had strict control over their troops, in which russia still uses within its military. but for ukraine s civilians who make up the territorial defense force, in 2014, you saw the civilian volunteer battalion movement in which everyday ukrainians took up arms and reversed russia s invasion of the donbas. and they fought the war to a stalemate. and we re seeing that same sense of volunteerism and resistance now among ukrainian society. and as the war drags on and we see these atrocities in places around kyiv and fronts like in mariupol, there s a sense among ukrainians that they re not just fighting for their freedom any longer, but they re also fighting for the nation s survival. and that s a very hard motivation to beat. that empowers a lot of these territorial defenders who have very little military background to overperform on the battlefield. it is interesting to see so many western countries, including the united states, admit they had underestimated ukraine s military