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Tue 4 May 2021 01.00 EDT Most of us want to run a mile when the midges arrive, but not so for Viktor Baranov, who whips out his microscope to measure the insects. As well as measuring modern midges, Baranov has been looking at fossilised midges, and found that their size can be used to understand the climate going back hundreds of millions of years ago. Baranov, a palaeontologist at Lüdwig Maximilians University in Munich, chose to measure the non-biting Diptera midge. It is already well known that warm-blooded animals become larger as the climate becomes colder – for example, polar bears are much bigger than bears living in the tropics – so Baranov and his colleagues decided to see if the so called “Bergman rule” would hold for insects too. ....
E-Mail IMAGE: A modern, male, nonbiting midge (Chironomidae: Tanytarsini) on a flowering apple tree in Munich, Germany. Chironomids are found from the tropics to the Arctic and Antarctica, and have existed over. view more Credit: Viktor Baranov MUNICH Scientists use many proxies to reconstruct Earth s ancient climates. Pollen, diatoms, geochemical isotopes, and fossils, for example, all contribute to piecing together past-climate puzzles. The ubiquity and wide geographic range of insects like the nonbiting midge (Order Diptera, Family Chironomidae), a type of fly have made them a useful tool to reconstruct palaeoclimates around the world during the recent geologic past. Previous research used chironomids to reconstruct climate during the Holocene (roughly the past 11,000 years), comparing the fossil insects to modern midges. This [technique] is pretty good, but it has a major drawback: the further back in time you go, the less applicable what we ....
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