Heart health disparities in African American women is a pressing issue that demands attention. These women face higher rates of cardiovascular disease due to a myriad of factors such as poverty, nutrition, and cultural dietary habits. Dr. Fred Harvey, a renowned medical expert, offers a comprehensive perspective on this issue. He acknowledges the unique physiological responses to calories and nutrients in African Americans, particularly those of Sub-Saharan African descent, which may be influenced by historical eating habits. He also highlights the role of socioeconomic status in limiting access to high-quality foods, contributing to the prevalence of food deserts in low-income neighborhoods. However, Dr. Harvey underscores the importance of education in mitigating these disparities, emphasizing that many African American women are unaware of the symptoms of heart disease and the associated risks. He advocates for culturally tailored strategies to effectively educate and support these
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Emulating a target trial reduces the potential for bias in observational comparative effectiveness research. Owing to feasibility constraints, large cohort studies often use electronic health records without validating key variables or collecting additional data. A case-control design allows researchers to validate, supplement, or collect additional data on key measurements in a much smaller sample compared with the entire cohort. In this article, Rasouli and colleagues describe methods to emulate a target trial using a nested case-control design, and provide a detailed guideline, an analytical program, and results of a clinical example.
#### Summary points
Randomized controlled trials are considered the ideal study design for comparative effectiveness research. Given that such trials are usually costly, lengthy, and, in some instances, unethical or infeasible, interest is increasing in using observational studies such as those conducted using data from electronic health records and