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But at a 30-degree angle, the angle of the king s cross escalator, the flames leaned into the shaft at an angle and raced upwards. in the confined trench, the fire could only draw air from below, creating a draft. because the air can t come round the fire, it has to come effectively through the fire. investigators then ran a bigger test on a one-third sized model of the complete king s cross station. if the trench effect worked this time, it would prove their theory was right. in a matter of three or four seconds, the flames went from being upright to being lying along the escalator trench. and from then on, it was just as we had predicted, which is very gratifying. it is clear the previously unknown phenomenon called the trench effect was real. now we understand. it s now all obvious. it fits together. the jigsaw fits together perfectly. ....
Front, and, therefore, once it gets going, it could move very, very rapidly. they called what they saw the trench effect. but it was merely a theory using untested computer simulations, and it was inconsistent with typical fire behavior. if you have a fire burning in the open, on a flat surface, the fire feeds itself with air by drawing it in from the outside. it s created by the dynamics of the flame itself. the buoyant gases rise, creating slight pressure differences, which draw air in at a low level. but on an incline, that air flow is restricted on the uphill side. to examine this, a rough model, one-tenth the size of the escalator shaft, was placed flat on the ground. the result was a slow, vertical burn. ....
Extinguished. the fireman who was walking down escalator number 6 and looked across to escalator number 4, approximately one minute before flashover, had described the fire as being relatively small. but then, the fire spread across the steps, the bottom of the trench. it could only draw oxygen from one direction, from below. this was the trench effect. the flames were deflected into the trench and began to flow up the treads, the risers, and exposing the balustrades to very high levels of heat flux. from there, the hot gases are going up the escalator trench ahead of the flame. they re heating the wood quite considerably. it gets quite hot, even though there s no flame there. it s sucking up the air from below like a chimney would, which is what it needs to do, and that would tend to flatten the flames down in the early ....
Stages as well, which would start this effect off of the trench effect. the escalator trench acted as a chimney, made not of brick, but of highly flammable wood. at 7:45, a torrent of superheated gas rushed up the escalator, priming everything in its path to burn. the sudden movement of the fire up the escalator was called the flashover. it burst into the booking hall at the top. the hot gases and flames exploded into the ticket hall, feeding off years of thick paint on the walls and 3 tons of varnished wood on the escalator below. the cavernous room was a death trap. those people would have died extremely quickly. and if there s anything, if there s any comfort there, it is the comfort that they didn t suffer for very, very long at all. the government s board of inquiry accepted the new science of the trench effect and found it had caused the disaster. there was a general sense amongst people that really the ....
Front, and, therefore, once it gets going, it could move very, very rapidly. they called what they saw the trench effect. but it was merely a theory using untested computer simulations, and it was inconsistent with typical fire behavior. if you have a fire burning in the open, on a flat surface, the fire feeds itself with air by drawing it in from the outside. it s created by the dynamics of the flame itself. the buoyant gases rise, creating slight pressure differences, which draw air in at a low level. but on an incline, that air flow is restricted on the uphill side. to examine this, a rough model, one-tenth the size of the escalator shaft, was placed flat on the ground. the result was a slow, vertical burn. but at a 30-degree angle, the ....