How does one revive the ancient water cycles that once richly greeted Valdivia and his conquistadors? Perhaps not surprisingly, in peering for the answer Carvallo looks back as much as forward, to techniques developed over 1,400 years ago by pre-Incan cultures to the north, in the Peruvian Andes.
Proud parents Queen Letizia and King Felipe were also in attendance at the Royal Palace in Madrid as the 18-year-old heiress presumptive marked the start of the new year in full military dress.