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By Pierluigi Reveglia, Antonio Evidente, Alessio Cimmino, Marco Masi, Jennifer Millera Niem,Regina Billones-Baaijens, Sandra Savocchia Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) represent a serious threat to vineyards worldwide causing substantial economic and yield losses. To date, no curative methods are available and the connection between pathogen and symptom expression is not completely understood [ 1]. Among the GTDs, Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) is considered a serious problem worldwide causing cankers, dieback and eventually death of vines. At least 27 species of Botryosphaeriaceae are associated with BD, although only 11 species have been reported in Australian vineyards to date [ 1]. In Europe, the disease is also associated with foliar symptoms, although these symptoms have not been reported in Australian vineyards [ ....