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This paper investigates the impact of household cooking fuel choice on household healthcare expenditure as well as the socioeconomic and demographic factors that influence household healthcare expenditure. We employed the Tobit regression technique and data from the sixth and seventh rounds of the Ghana Living Standards Survey conducted in 2012/13 and 2016/17 respectively. The results indicate that in 2012/13, relative to households using wood as cooking fuel, households using charcoal and liquefied petroleum gas are 54.40 and 115.09 percentage points less likely to spend on healthcare services. However, the figure reduced to 28.15 and 103.25 percentage points in 2016/17 attributable possibly to a reduction in biomass energy use resulting from government liquefied petroleum gas promotion programs which helped households transition to the use of cleaner fuels. Age, education, illness reporting of household head, total household expenditure, household size and region of residence were fo ....
Share Paddock-level management and farm structure were key drivers in the quality of grasslands in the German study, not socio-economic factors. Photo by Cole Parrant Part-time farmers who keep horses sometimes get knocked for the quality of their pasture. Is the criticism justified? Do full-time farmers who keep horses have richer and more diverse grassland? Researchers in Germany have delved into socio-economic factors to learn what bearings they have on pasture on farms with horses. Their findings, reported in the journal Sustainability, surprised them. Cecilia Frauke Hüppe and her fellow researchers at the University of Göttingen thought that differences in income type (part-time or full-time farmers) and agricultural education would affect the characteristics of vegetation on the 122 farms they investigated. ....