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Guanyindong Cave is one of most important Palaeolithic sites in southwestern China, due to its presence of the earliest Levallois artifacts in East Asia, which was dated to two discrete periods at ∼160–170 thousand years ago (ka) and ∼70–80 ka, respectively, based on optical dating of the artifact-bearing sediments from the west entrance of the cave (Hu, et al., 2019a). There were five excavation pits at Guanyindong during the initial excavation seasons in 1960s, all of which have yielded abundant stone artifacts and fauna fossils. However, in contrast to the excavation pits at the west entrance whose chronology and lithic industry were intensively studied, the chronological frameworks of the excavation pits inside the cave chambers have not been established. Here we report optical dating results of sediment samples taken from two of the pits inside the cave (Profiles 2A and 3). We established Bayesian age models for the two profiles based on our new optical ages and the U-seri ....
One of the biggest challenges in optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating is to deal with sediments that are affected by post-depositional mixing. Equivalent dose (De) distributions of such samples are commonly analysed using the finite mixture model (FMM), which can statistically identify dose components of grains derived from sedimentary layers with different ages. The FMM has been increasingly applied in OSL dating of sediments from key geological and archaeological sites that are critical for understanding the evolution of Quaternary environment and human history. The burial age of the dated layer is commonly determined by dividing the De value of the target dose component estimated using the FMM by the total dose rate of the bulk sample. However, a systematic investigation of the reliability of this method for different post-depositional mixing situations has not been conducted. This study aims to investigate the reliability of the burial ages so obtained, using simulated mi ....
Abstract Pinnacle Point (PP) near Mossel Bay in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, is known for a series of archaeological caves with important archaeological finds. Extensive excavations and studies in two of them (PP13B and PP5-6) have documented alternating periods of anthropogenic-dominated and geogenic-dominated sedimentation. A variety of caves do not bear evidence of anthropogenic remains. We have studied in detail the remnant deposits of three of them, Staircase Cave, Crevice Cave, and PP29, which have been formed under the same geologic and sedimentary conditions with those with anthropogenic contributions. Their remains are small and patchy but have extensive speleothem formations (as do most caves at PP) that were isotopically analyzed for paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. These caves also offer the opportunity to understand the purely geogenic signature of the PP locality and thus offer a geogenic baseline for the anthropogenic caves. Archae ....