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The Karakoram terrane is a sliver of peri-Gondwana continental crust preserved within the Karakoram and Saltoro ranges in Ladakh, India. It became a part of Eurasia during the Jurassic, and until Late Cretaceous its southern margin was an active continental margin represented by the Karakoram (Arc) Batholith. Its magmatism is thought to be extinguished during Late Cretaceous by collision with the Shyok ophiolite, however, geochronological data are limited. The Karakoram terrane is a key element in the geodynamics of Himalaya and more studies are needed to improve geological understanding and tectonic evolution of the southern margin of Eurasia pre- and post- final continental collision with the Indian continent. We present petrographic, geochemical, and geochronological observations for anatectic magmatism which formed granitic intrusions within the terrane at c. 14 Ma and 12 Ma. Results from detrital zircon dating of modern sediments from the Karakoram terrane reveal three distinct ag ....
The Shyok Suture in Ladakh Himalaya represents a Late Cretaceous arc-continent collision that preceded the Paleogene continental collision between India and Eurasia. The Shyok Suture is identified by the presence of highly deformed ophiolitic and island arc rocks, which are remnants from the now extinct Mesotethys Ocean. This suture continues west into the Kohistan region in Pakistan and can also be correlated with the Bangong Suture in Tibet to the east. The Ladakh section of the suture is an important link between these regions, but correlations between ophiolite and magmatic arc rocks along the Himalaya were difficult due to a lack of robust isotopic ages in Ladakh. Therefore, the main objectives of this dissertation are to investigate the key formations from the Shyok Suture and provide new data that can enable terrane correlations along the Himalayan Orogen. This is a key step in determining the early assembly architecture of the Himalaya, before it was disrupted by a major crusta ....
Abstract The Shyok Suture in western Himalaya preserves a record of the opening and closure of the Mesotethys Ocean between the Shyok ophiolite and Karakoram terrane prior to the India-Eurasia collision. The formation age of the Shyok ophiolite was unknown, which impeded correlation with similar rocks along the Shyok Suture in Pakistan and corresponding sutures in Tibet. We report the first zircon U-Pb ages of a newly documented suite, here named the Changmar Complex. The Changmar Complex gabbronorite and plagiogranite yielded SHRIMP U-Pb zircon Late Jurassic ages of 159.4 ± 0.9 Ma and 151.9 ± 1.5 Ma. Their highly positive initial ÎHf values (+14.9 to +16.9) indicate a juvenile mantle origin, without continental crust influence on the magma source. The Shyok ophiolite represents either: (1) a separate island arc that preceded formation of the Cretaceous-Eocene Ladakh Arc; or (2) the oldest magmatism and early stage of the Ladakh Arc. Intrusive and extrusive mafic rocks from ....