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Global groundwater warming due to climate change

Aquifers contain the largest store of unfrozen freshwater, making groundwater critical for life on Earth. Surprisingly little is known about how groundwater responds to surface warming across spatial and temporal scales. Focusing on diffusive heat transport, we simulate current and projected groundwater temperatures at the global scale. We show that groundwater at the depth of the water table (excluding permafrost regions) is conservatively projected to warm on average by 2.1 °C between 2000 and 2100 under a medium emissions pathway. However, regional shallow groundwater warming patterns vary substantially due to spatial variability in climate change and water table depth. The lowest rates are projected in mountain regions such as the Andes or the Rocky Mountains. We illustrate that increasing groundwater temperatures influences stream thermal regimes, groundwater-dependent ecosystems, aquatic biogeochemical processes, groundwater quality and the geothermal potential. Result ....

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Widespread deoxygenation in warming rivers | Nature Climate Change

Deoxygenation is commonly observed in oceans and lakes but less expected in shallower, flowing rivers. Here we reconstructed daily water temperature and dissolved oxygen in 580 rivers across the United States and 216 rivers in Central Europe by training a deep learning model using temporal weather and water quality data and static watershed attributes (for example, hydro-climate, topography, land use, soil). Results revealed persistent warming in 87% and deoxygenation in 70% of the rivers. Urban rivers demonstrated the most rapid warming, whereas agricultural rivers experienced the slowest warming but fastest deoxygenation. Mean deoxygenation rates (−0.038 ± 0.026 mg l−1 decade−1) were higher than those in oceans but lower than those in temperate lakes. These rates, however, may be underestimated, as training data are from grab samples collected during the day when photosynthesis peaks. Projected future rates are between 1.6 and 2.5 ....

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