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Soyuz, any of several versions of Soviet/Russian crewed spacecraft launched since 1967 and the longest-serving crewed-spacecraft design in use. Originally conceived in Soviet aerospace designer Sergey Korolyov’s design bureau (Energia) for the U.S.S.R.’s Moon-landing program (officially canceled in 1974), the modular craft has served mainly as a crew ferry to and from Earth-orbiting space stations, specifically the Salyut stations, Mir, and the International Space Station (ISS). Soyuz is the Russian word for “union.” The 7-metre- (23-foot-) long, seven-metric-ton vehicle comprises three modules joined in line a central, bell-shaped descent module with contoured couches for as many as three persons during ascent,