The West has deepened its commitment to arming Ukraine, in part because Ukraine has shown an ability to fight effectively, but also as a response to Russia’s own resolve and the war’s sheer brutality.
Strategic autonomy remains an important ambition for the European Union, but the bloc is still a long way from achieving that goal amid changing global developments, analysts said.
The European Union relies heavily on Russia to supply nickel and other metals for electric vehicle batteries and other renewable technologies. War-related price increases and shortages of these metals could hinder Europe’s drive to sharply cut emissions by 2030 and beyond.
This first volume of a three-part collection contains 12 input papers that provide the views of European & Chinese experts on a set of specific policy issues.