The South-East Asia region has one of the fastest-growing aging populations, for which standardized dementia screening measures will be essential for geriatric care. The Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) is adopted for use in the Indonesian setting but lacks evidence of its cross-cultural transportability. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of scores from the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) in the Indonesian setting. Indonesian older adults from a geriatric nursing center (N = 135; 52 males, 83 females; age range 60–82) completed the Indonesian translation of the RUDAS (RUDAS-Ina), following content adaptation study with community living older adults (N = 35), nine neurologists and two geriatric nurses. For face and content validity, we utilized a consensus-building procedure. Results following confirmatory factor analysis yielded a single-factor model. The reliability of scores from the RUDAS-Ina was marginally satisfactory
Tiffeny James and team investigate which countries have national guidelines for dementia, and synthesise recommendations relating to protected characteristics as defined in the UK Equality Act 2010.
23 Treatment refusal can occur in the presence or absence of decision-making capacity.
24 The core elements of capacity are the ability to understand the information relevant to the decision, the ability to use or weigh that information as part of the decision-making process, and to communicate the decision.
25 Common law establishes that an adult is presumed to have the capacity to consent to or refuse medical treatment unless that presumption is rebutted.
26 However, capacity may be affected by symptoms of mental and physical illness, emotional state and cognition, which may fluctuate over time and resolve with treatment and support.
27,28 With psychosis, for example, there may be symptoms such as delusional beliefs leading to mistrust of clinicians or denial of illness.