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"Equipping New SMA Artificial Muscles With Controllable MRF Exoskeleton" by Jian Yang, Shuaishuai Sun et al.

Shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are one of the widely used materials for soft artificial muscles. However, SMA artificial muscles have two problems, including limited load holding ability due to their soft nature and slow response due to their long cooling time. The main contributions of this article are the developments of a controllable magnetorheological fluid (MRF) exoskeleton and a fast-response magnetorheological elastomer-SMA artificial muscle as effective approaches to solve the above-mentioned problems. The controllable MRF exoskeleton provides variable stiffness so that it can be flexible enough to allow the manipulator to bend as required while stiff enough to hold up heavy loads. This new artificial muscle accelerates the cooling speed of SMA wire to shorten its recovery time. Our tests proved that this new artificial muscle, compared with conventional SMA artificial muscles, could improve the recovery speed by up to 333%. The new artificial muscle and the MRF exoskeleton as ....

Controllable Magnetorheological Fluid Mrf Exoskeleton , Agnetorheological Elastomer Mre Shape Memory Alloy Sma Artificial Muscle , Robotic Manipulator , Thermal Conductivity ,

"A Modularization Approach for Gravity Compensation of Planar Articulat" by Vu Linh Nguyen and Chin Hsing Kuo

A modularization approach for gravity compensation of planar articulated robotic manipulators is addressed in this chapter. The modularization is realized by installing a set of gear-spring modules (GSMs) on the manipulator so that the gravitational torques can be eliminated by the spring torques applied on its joints. The design concept and mathematical formulation for the gravity compensation of the GSM are presented. Then, the gravity compensation of the manipulator by using the GSMs is proposed. Evaluation criteria for the performance of the design are suggested. Last, selected examples of planar-type serial and quasi-serial manipulators are provided for illustrating the design concepts and their performances. ....

Gravity Compensation , Robotic Manipulator , Tatic Balancing , Ero Stiffness Mechanism ,