Children from low-income and rural families are most likely to miss out on pre-primary education. Private pre-primary schools are concentrated in urban areas with higher-income families, where schools are more easily guaranteed adequate income. In 2019, the adjusted net attendance rate in schooling of 5-year-olds in Uganda was more than 17 percent higher for children in urban areas than in rural areas, and 49 percent higher for those in the richest quintile than those in the lowest-income
Seventy years after its founding with an 18-month mandate to provide emergency aid to the “Palestine refugees,” the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) has grown into a gargantuan $1.2 billion, 30,000-strong “phantom sovereignty”[1]Â that has done more than any other international actor to perpetuate the “refugee problem” it was established to solve. With the Trump administration slashing its donation to the agency, and the Gulf states and the Europeans demanding greater transparency regarding its finances and operations, UNRWA may at long last be approaching its moment of truth.
The Original Mandate and Its Demise