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This study successfully synthesizes CoAl-hexametaphosphate layered double hydroxide (HMP-LDH) via anion exchange. The application of HMP-LDH leads to substantial wear and friction reduction of 88% and 25%, respectively, outperforming the PAO-4 base oil. In-depth characterizations of tribofilms formed on wear scars and tracks were conducted using various techniques, including Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and cryo-electron energy loss spectroscopy. It was found that the predominant composition of the tribofilm consists of mixed oxide and phosphate species. Notably, metallic cobalt is observed near the tribofilm-steel interface. Nanoindentation and nanoscratch were performed on the HMP tribofilm. The relationship between the nanostructure and nanomechanical properties and their influence on friction and wear have been revealed. ....
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have demonstrated excellent tribological performance in various studies. However, there remains a fundamental knowledge gap concerning the chemical composition of tribofilms across the cross-section. In this study, we seek to elucidate this question by tribologically testing various binary LDHs. It was found that five out of eight LDHs, denoted as CoAl-, CoFe-, MgAl-, NiFe-, and ZnAl-LDHs could induce hierarchical protective tribofilms due to the formation of rigid oxide layers and in situ carbon-based films. The five tribofilms helped to reduce wear loss and friction by approximately 90% and 20%, respectively. Remarkably, the Co-based tribofilms showed the best antiwear performance because of the thick carbon tribofilm formation and the strong bonding at the metallic/tribo-oxide interfaces. The formation mechanisms of the carbon tribofilm and its characteristic nature were evaluated and revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron ....
Abstract The oxide nanoparticles have been claimed as the lubricant additive, which are capable of alleviating wear and reducing friction for the engine components. However, how oxide nanoparticles speficially behave together with the representative additive (Zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, ZDDP) in the formulated engine oil, is still poorly understood. The results well revealed that the addition of oxide nanoparticles provided the improved lubricity of engine oil and significant resistance to wear. The Al O nanoparticle specifically rendered superior tribological capability compared with other nanoparticles. Furthermore, the differentials of wearing mechanism, tribofilm and interface hierarchy were clarified by means of the morphological observation and compositional characterization. This study allowed us to understand the interacting mechanism when nanoparticles being involved within commercial engine oil was presenting between the sliding contact. 2 3 ....