In intelligent systems, knowledge tracing (KT) plays a vital role in providing personalized education. Existing KT methods often rely on students' learning interactions to trace their knowledge states by predicting future performance on the given questions. While deep learning-based KT models have achieved improved predictive performance compared with traditional KT models, they often lack interpretability into the captured knowledge states. Furthermore, previous works generally neglect the multiple semantic information contained in knowledge states and sparse learning interactions. In this paper, we propose a novel model named CAKT that couples contrastive learning with attention networks for interpretable knowledge tracing. Specifically, we use three attention-based encoders to model three dynamic factors of the Item Response Theory (IRT) model, based on designed learning sequences. Then, we identify two key properties related to the knowledge states and learning interactions: c
Acting comptroller of the currency, Michael J. Hsu discusses Architecture of stablecoins. The regulatory frameworks for stablecoin issuers, service providers are viewed by many to be inconsistent, creating opportunities for regulatory arbitrage and uncertainty.
iOS 14.4 contains a new anti-independent repair message along with security upgrades
iOS 14.4 can use a new hardware message. (Source: YouTube)
The latest version of iOS (14.4) is now available as a stable update. Installing it causes a new kind of important hardware message to pop up should an iPhone detect that its rear camera module has been unofficially replaced. Apple has also noted that the software includes patches for potentially actionable vulnerabilities.
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iOS 14.4 is officially here, and may upgrade iPhones and iPads in some important ways. Unfortunately, one of them serves to remind users how difficult it is to repair one of these devices on their own. The update confers the ability to bring up a new warning that a rear camera module is unverified following a replacement, even if this has been done with original Apple parts.