In Europe, security and defense cooperation have long been the realm of member states and other security organizations like NATO. But recent efforts at the EU level have begun to create a European defense sector which presents unique challenges and opportunities.
In the past decades, subnational cooperation between municipalities and regions has become more common all over the world. In Europe and its neighborhood this tendency has been especially visible, much due to policy advocacy and technical assistance by regional intergovernmental organizations such as the Council of Europe, the European Union and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. This development accelerated in the 1990s in tandem with the transition and democratization processes that started after the fall of the Soviet Union. However, in many places democratization has stopped or started to reverse, leading to backsliding away from democracy. While democracy as always been different in crossborder regions due to the special status of their governance arrangements, this new development accentuates a need for new tools to understand the implications of various threats to democracy for the future of crossborder cooperation. This Perspective article provides an over
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March 11th marks the ten-year anniversary of the devastating earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan in 2011, natural disasters which led to a series of explosions and meltdown at the nuclear plant in Fukushima. Formally referred to as the Great Eastern Japan Disaster (
Higashi Nihon Daishinsai), it was one of the gravest crises in Japan’s post-World War II history. The displacement of over a hundred thousand residents and the invisible spread of radioactive contamination from this catastrophe shook Japan and the world.
Asia Pacific Initiative (API) Chairman
Yoichi Funabashi and Asia Society Policy Institute and former Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs