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Rational multiple-field coupling, component control, and microarchitectures design for utilization of multiform driving forces as well as benefiting charge-carrier separation and migration is considered to be an outstanding approach to improve water splitting efficiency for alleviating increasing environmental problems. Herein, a novel piezo-photoelectric catalyst, coaxial TiO2-BaTiO3-CuInS2 heterostructures, was designed for efficient hydrogen production, synergistically driven by mechanical force, electricity, and light. The vertical growth of TiO2 nanorods guarantees sufficient generation of photoinduced charges and their fast migration. Electric field generated by the piezoelectric BaTiO3 shell under a mechanical driving force will promote the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby minimizing the probability of charge recombination. The further incorporation of the outermost layer of CuInS2 is beneficial to broaden light harvesting. Of particular importa

Charge separationOupling effectsPiezoelectric effectIo batio cuins hierarchical heterojunction 2 3