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Describe how lifting, posture, and body position can give rise to chronic pain syndromes;
Define modifiable associated risk factors for back pain; 
Identify specific mitigation and prevention strategies;
Understand the role of provider education and how departments can help.
The suggestion that the back is fragile or easily injured is not only false but provides a foundational belief that can negatively influence the pain experience.  
Warnings about lifting mechanics and avoiding heavy loads are common in publications, public service announcements, and educational courses. For example, it has been suggested that lifting while bent over (stoop lifting), rather than with the back as vertical as possible (squat lifting), increases loading on the spine. Stated in different terms, lifting with a “neutral” spine to avoid flexion or extension is commonly recommended. More terms that augment the association of threat with lifting, such as “shearing the spine� ....

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