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"Electrodermal and central measures of the tonic orienting reflex (OR)" by Robert J. Barry, Genevieve Z. Steiner-Lim et al.

Sokolov described both phasic and tonic aspects of the Orienting Reflex (OR), but subsequent research and theory development has focussed primarily on the phasic OR at the expense of the tonic OR. The present study used prestimulus skin conductance level (SCL) during a dishabituation paradigm to model the tonic OR, examining its amplitude patterning over repeated standard stimulus presentations and a change stimulus. We expected sensitisation (increased amplitude) following the initial and change trials, and habituation (decrement) over the intervening trials. Prestimulus EEG alpha level was explored as a potential central measure of the tonic OR (as an inverse correlate), examining its pattern over stimulus repetition and change in relation to the SCL model. We presented a habituation series of innocuous auditory stimuli to two groups (each N = 20) at different ISIs (Long 13–15 s and Short 5–7 s) and recorded electrodermal and EEG data during two counterbalanced conditions; Indiff ....

Orienting Reflex , Central Or Measure , Ishabituation Paradigm , Dual Process Theory , Eg Alpha Level , Electrodermal Activity , Kin Conductance Level Scl , Onic Orienting Reflex Or ,

"Effects of interstimulus interval and significance on electrodermal an" by Robert J. Barry, Genevieve Z. Steiner-Lim et al.

Although the P300 event-related potential (ERP) is the most likely central measure of Sokolov’s Orienting Reflex (OR), there are few systematic comparisons with the skin conductance response (SCR), the “gold standard” electrodermal OR measure. We examine habituation, stimulus significance, and inter-stimulus interval (ISI) effects in SCRs and components of the P300 from single-trial ERPs in an auditory dishabituation paradigm. Single trial ERP components were separated by temporal principal components analysis, and five components of the P300 were examined as potential phasic OR measures: P3a, P3b, Novelty P3, and two Slow Waves (SW1, SW2). Across the factors of ISI and significance, SCRs showed decrement over trials, recovery at a deviant, and dishabituation at the subsequent standard. This general pattern was not present in any of the components of the P300. SCRs were also larger to significant stimuli and at the long ISI; effects differed between P300 components. The electrode ....

Orienting Reflex , Slow Waves ,