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Rodrigo de Oliveira Andrade looks at the reasons for the fall in coverage and what the country has done to counter it Brazil has been gradually reversing the downward trend in childhood immunisation. Coverage for eight childhood vaccines increased in 2023 compared with 2022, according to preliminary data from the Ministry of Health.1 Hepatitis A vaccination coverage rose from 73% to 79.5% between 2022 and 2023, while the first pneumococcal booster increased from 71.5% to 78%. Polio vaccine reached coverage of 74.6%, compared with 67.1% in 2022. Among the vaccines recommended for children under 1 year of age, yellow fever showed the greatest growth in uptake, rising from 60.6% in 2022 to 67.3% in 2023.1 The most notable improvement, however, was for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates, which had been falling since 2014. In 2023, coverage rose to 83.1%, compared with 63.9% in 2022. The numbers represent a reversal of the fall in vaccination rates that Brazil has faced since

Minas geraisOliveira andradeUniversity of minas geraisMinistry of healthRodrigo de oliveira andradeFederal university