If Russia has recently regarded Turkey warily as a result of Turkey's successful backing of Azerbaijan in its recent war with Armenia over Nagorno Karabakh, being on opposite sides in Syria and Libya, Turkey's supply of arms to Ukraine, and Turkey's refusal to recognize Russia's annexation of Crimea, in the run up to the Putin-Erdogan summit in Sochi on September 29, 2021 and in its aftermath, the tune changed.