The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been associated with cognitive performance. Yet, controlled trials have yielded contradictory results. To tackle this controversy, a comprehensive multimodal analysis of the association of the MedDiet with cognitive performance and brain structure in normative aging is still necessary. To address this issue, community-dwellers ≥50 years from a cohort study on normative aging (n=76) underwent a i) magnetic resonance imaging session with two acquisitions: structural and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging; ii) neuropsychological battery of tests focusing on memory and executive functioning and iii) dietary assessment through the Mediterranean Diet Assessment Screener (MEDAS) 18 months prior to the brain imaging and neuropsychological assessment. We found that high adherence to the MedDiet (MEDAS≥10) was associated with higher values of fractional anisotropy and lower diffusivity values in the brain white matter. Similarly, high adherence to the MedDiet was