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Most studies of acoustic communication focus on short units of vocalization such as songs, yet these units are often hierarchically organized into higher-order sequences and, outside human language, little is known about the drivers of sequence structure. Here, we investigate the organization, transmission and function of vocal sequences sung by male Albert's lyrebirds (Menura alberti), a species renowned for vocal imitations of other species. We quantified the organization of mimetic units into sequences, and examined the extent to which these sequences are repeated within and between individuals and shared among populations. We found that individual males organized their mimetic units into stereotyped sequences. Sequence structures were shared within and to a lesser extent among populations, implying that sequences were socially transmitted. Across the entire species range, mimetic units were sung with immediate variety and a high acoustic contrast between consecutive units, sug ....
Premium Content Subscriber only Art lovers, researchers and the like can now find more than 40 years of collected artworks at the click of a button. About half of Mackay Regional Councilâs collection, which surpasses 1200 pieces, has been digitised and made available online via Artspace Mackay. Mayor Greg Williamson said works could be searched by colour, object/type or artist with users able to make and share their shortlists. âIt enables anyone and everyone to search the collection and play curator,â Cr Williamson said. âThe database also invites users to explore our featured collections. âThese include artistsâ books, prints, ceramics and paintings along with curated collection highlights such as contemporary Australian indigenous artworks and past winners of The Libris Awards.â ....
Geographic variation in bird song has received much attention in evolutionary studies, yet few consider components within songs that may be subject to different constraints and follow different evolutionary trajectories. Here, we quantify patterns of geographic variation in the socially transmitted “whistle” song of Albert's lyrebirds (Menura alberti), an oscine passerine renowned for its remarkable vocal abilities. Albert's lyrebirds are confined to narrow stretches of suitable habitat in Australia, allowing us to map likely paths of cultural transmission using a species distribution model and least cost paths. We use quantitative methods to divide the songs into three components present in all study populations: the introductory elements, the song body, and the final element. We compare geographic separation between populations with variation in these components as well as the full song. All populations were distinguishable by song, and songs varied according to the geo ....